Journal
ELECTROPHORESIS
Volume 38, Issue 2, Pages 278-286Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600276
Keywords
Droplets; Electric field; Microchannel; Miniaturization; Multiphase flow
Funding
- DeitY, Government of India [5(9)/2012-NANO]
- DST-SERB, Government of India [SR/S3/CE/0079/2010]
- DST FIST, Government of India [SR/FST/ETII-028/2010]
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Numerical simulations supplemented by experiments together uncovered that strategic integration of discrete electric fields in a non-invasive manner could substantially miniaturize the droplets into smaller parts in a pressure driven oil-water flow inside microchannels. The Maxwell's stress generated from the electric field at the oil-water interface could deform, stretch, neck, pin, and disintegrate a droplet into many miniaturized daughter droplets, which eventually ushered a one-step method to form water-in-oil microemulsion employing microchannels. The interplay between electrostatic, inertial, capillary, and viscous forces led to various pathways of droplet breaking, namely, fission, cascade, or Rayleigh modes. While a localized electric field in the fission mode could split a droplet into a number of daughter droplets of smaller size, the cascade or the Rayleigh mode led to the formation of an array of miniaturized droplets when multiple electrodes generating different field intensities were ingeniously assembled around the microchannel. The droplets size and frequency could be tuned by varying the field intensity, channel diameter, electrode locations, interfacial tension, and flow ratio. The proposed methodology shows a simple methodology to transform a microdroplet into an array of miniaturized ones inside a straight microchannel for enhanced mass, energy, and momentum transfer, and higher throughput.
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