Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
James M. Miley, Olja Panic, Richard A. Booth, John D. Ilee, Shigeru Ida, Masanobu Kunitomo
Summary: This study investigates the impact of pre-main sequence stellar luminosity evolution on the thermal and chemical properties of disc mid-planes. It reveals that temperature profiles diverge significantly for different stellar masses beyond 2 Myr, affecting the location of the CO snowline. The research indicates a well-defined stellar mass and age range for the formation of high C/O gas giants.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
D. Fedele, C. Toci, L. Maud, G. Lodato
Summary: This study presents a new analysis of dust continuum observations, revealing the double-ring structure of HD 100546 and the interaction with multiple giant protoplanets. Simulation results qualitatively reproduce the observations, explaining the distribution of gas and dust.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Francesco Zagaria, Stefano Facchini, Anna Miotello, Carlo F. F. Manara, Claudia Toci, Cathie J. J. Clarke
Summary: The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has not yet provided definitive answers on the disc evolution mechanisms. An alternative method based on (CO)-C-12 fluxes has been introduced to study disc evolution, which can be easily collected using lower resolution observations. The new method has been tested and compared with data, showing good agreement when considering CO depletion.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
C. Bergez-Casalou, B. Bitsch, N. T. Kurtovic, P. Pinilla
Summary: New ALMA observations provide constraints on planet formation in protoplanetary disks. By using simulations and observations, it is found that giant planets perturb the radial gas velocities of the disk and create traffic jams in the dust. High-resolution observations are needed to distinguish important features in the inner part of the disk. The study also shows the potential of ALMA to constrain different stages of planet formation.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Felix Jungmann, Gerhard Wurm
Summary: This study explores the impact of charge exchange on particle aggregation during collisions, demonstrating that charging can induce the formation of particle aggregates. Experimental observations of submm grain motion following collisions revealed that particles can continue to adhere at high velocities, contrary to expectations based on surface forces, supporting the formation of aggregates as a crucial step in early planet formation beyond the traditional bouncing barrier.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Takahiro Ueda, Satoshi Okuzumi, Akimasa Kataoka, Mario Flock
Summary: We investigated the physical properties and midplane heating effects of the CW Tau disk using physical models and ALMA dust continuum observations. The results show that if the maximum dust size is less than or equal to 100 μm, the predicted brightness temperatures exceed the observations. Scattering by particles can reduce the observed brightness temperatures. The study also provides some constraints on the different levels of disk activity.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. Burn, A. Emsenhuber, J. Weder, O. Voelkel, H. Klahr, T. Birnstiel, B. Ercolano, C. Mordasini
Summary: This study investigates the effects of dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds and the ejection and drag of dust caused by radiation from the central star. The results highlight the importance of dust entrainment as a solid-mass removal process and lay the foundations for future statistical studies of planet formation in their birth environment.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Frasca, H. M. J. Boffin, C. F. Manara, J. M. Alcala, P. Abraham, E. Covino, M. Fang, M. Gangi, G. J. Herczeg, A. Kospal, L. Venuti, F. M. Walter, J. Alonso-Santiago, K. Grankin, M. Siwak, E. Alecian, S. Cabrit
Summary: In this study, the close pre-main sequence spectroscopic binary CVSO 104 in Ori OB1 was analyzed, revealing the orbital elements and stellar parameters of the system, as well as a significant infrared excess related to a circumbinary disk. Both components were found to be accreting at a similar level, with excess emission observed in Hα and Hβ possibly connected to accretion structures. The optical companion CVSO 104 B was identified as a background Sun-like star not physically associated with the PMS system.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
D. M. Jorge, I. E. E. Kamp, L. B. F. M. Waters, P. Woitke, R. J. Spaargaren
Summary: This study aims to understand the impact of nearby stars on the composition of planets forming around them. The results show that the abundance of stars is closely related to the composition of the planets. This has important implications for the internal structure and properties of planets.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Gupta, A. Miotello, C. F. Manara, J. P. Williams, S. Facchini, G. Beccari, T. Birnstiel, C. Ginski, A. Hacar, M. Kueffmeier, L. Testi, L. Tychoniec, H. -W Yen
Summary: It is found that some Class II sources in close vicinity to a reflection nebula may be undergoing late infall of material onto the disk, which can significantly affect disk evolution and planet formation. Observations and analyses reveal the existence of large-scale gas structures and their association with reflection nebulae around Class II sources. These findings suggest that a considerable fraction of Class II disks in nearby star-forming regions may undergo late accretion of gas.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jingyi Mah, Bertram Bitsch
Summary: Rocky exoplanets with high iron mass fraction (super-Mercuries) are more likely to form around stars with high iron mass fraction. It is unclear whether they form in the disc or through giant impacts. This study investigates the formation of super-Mercuries in protoplanetary discs by considering the host stars' abundances. The simulations show that iron-rich planets can be formed if the iron in the disc is locked in pure iron grains and the disc viscosity is low.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
O. Schib, C. Mordasini, R. Helled
Summary: This study investigates the formation and evolution of star-disc systems, focusing on early disc sizes and the likelihood of fragmentation. The results show that the early disc size is crucial for fragmentation, which is determined by the mass infall location during the collapse of the molecular cloud core.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
J. A. Sturm, M. K. McClure, D. Harsono, S. Facchini, F. Long, M. Kama, E. A. Bergin, E. F. van Dishoeck
Summary: This study investigates the measurements of the carbon-to-hydrogen ratio in protoplanetary disks and explores the mechanisms and evolutionary trends of gaseous carbon depletion. By using models and analyzing observational data, the study determines the magnitude of carbon depletion and the effects of disk material drift and dust structure.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Olga V. Zakhozhay, Maria Rosa Zapatero Osorio, Victor J. S. Bejar, Juan Bautista Climent, Jose Carlos Guirado, Bartosz Gauza, Nicolas Lodieu, Dmitry A. Semenov, Miguel Perez-Torres, Rebecca Azulay, Rafael Rebolo, Jesus Martin-Pintado, Charlene Lefevre
Summary: Using multi-wavelength observations, the study found no evidence of debris disks around two nearby substellar objects. This suggests that the mass and size of debris disks around substellar objects may be much smaller compared to protoplanetary disks.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Paola Pinilla, Antonio Garufi, Matias Garate
Summary: The frequency of giant planets may decrease for intermediate-mass stars, and the mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Through theoretical analysis, it is found that the radial drift velocity of dust particles sharply increases after 1-2 million years around intermediate-mass stars, potentially hindering planet formation. This high radial drift could explain the lack of disk detections around older intermediate-mass stars. Future high-resolution images can help us understand why planets around intermediate-mass stars are rare.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
T. Paneque-Carreno, A. Miotello, E. F. van Dishoeck, B. Tabone, A. F. Izquierdo, S. Facchini
Summary: This study aims to directly trace the vertical location of multiple molecular tracers in protoplanetary disks to study the environment of planet formation. The distribution of CO isotopologues is found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions, while the distribution of other molecules does not fully match the theoretical predictions, requiring further research and understanding.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
E. Rigliaco, R. Gratton, S. Ceppi, C. Ginski, M. Hogerheijde, M. Benisty, T. Birnstiel, M. Dima, S. Facchini, A. Garufi, J. Bae, M. Langlois, G. Lodato, E. Mamajek, C. F. Manara, F. Menard, A. Ribas, A. Zurlo
Summary: This paper studies the circumstellar environment around the young Herbig Ae/Be star T CrA, revealing the presence of a complex environment consisting of a bright, forward-scattering rim of the disk's surface, a dark lane of the disk midplane, bipolar outflows, and streamer features. The analysis suggests that T CrA is a binary star system with a period of 29.6 years. The comparison of scattered light images with ALMA continuum and (CO)-C-12 (2-1) line emission confirms the Keplerian rotation of the disk and the receding and approaching sides of the outflowing material.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
G. Lodato, L. Rampinelli, E. Viscardi, C. Longarini, A. Izquierdo, T. Paneque-Carreno, L. Testi, S. Facchini, A. Miotello, B. Veronesi, C. Hall
Summary: ALMA observations of line emission from planet-forming discs have proven to be a valuable tool for studying their internal dynamics, revealing important processes such as turbulence and the presence of planets. In this study, the authors refine their methodology and apply it to two additional sources, GM Aur and IM Lup. The results show consistent disc masses for IM Lup, but slightly inconsistent rotation curves for GM Aur, indicating the need for caution in interpreting the results for the latter source due to its complex kinematics and interactions with the infalling cloud.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Marshall C. Johnson, Ji Wang, Anusha Pai Asnodkar, Aldo S. Bonomo, B. Scott Gaudi, Thomas Henning, Ilya Ilyin, Engin Keles, Luca Malavolta, Matthias Mallonn, Karan Molaverdikhani, Valerio Nascimbeni, Jennifer Patience, Katja Poppenhaeger, Gaetano Scandariato, Everett Schlawin, Evgenya Shkolnik, Daniela Sicilia, Alessandro Sozzetti, Klaus G. Strassmeier, Christian Veillet, Fei Yan
Summary: Recent observations have shown that the atmospheres of ultrahot Jupiters commonly possess temperature inversions. However, it remains unclear which opacity sources are responsible for these inversions. In this study, the atmosphere of the ultrahot Jupiter KELT-20 b was observed in both transmission and emission to search for molecular agents that could contribute to the temperature inversion. Through testing and analysis, it was found that TiO and CaH can be ruled out as the sources, while more accurate line lists are needed to determine the possibility of VO contributing to the inversion.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
O. Straub, M. Bauboeck, R. Abuter, N. Aimar, P. Amaro Seoane, A. Amorim, J. P. Berger, H. Bonnet, G. Bourdarot, W. Brandner, V. Cardoso, Y. Clenet, Y. Dallilar, R. Davies, P. T. de Zeeuw, J. Dexter, A. Drescher, F. Eisenhauer, N. M. Foerster Schreiber, A. Foschi, P. Garcia, F. Gao, E. Gendron, R. Genzel, S. Gillessen, M. Habibi, X. Haubois, G. Heissel, T. Henning, S. Hippler, M. Horrobin, L. Jochum, L. Jocou, A. Kaufer, P. Kervella, S. Lacour, V. Lapeyrere, J. -B. Le Bouquin, P. Lena, D. Lutz, T. Ott, T. Paumard, K. Perraut, G. Perrin, O. Pfuhl, S. Rabien, D. C. Ribeiro, M. Sadun Bordoni, S. Scheithauer, J. Shangguan, T. Shimizu, J. Stadler, C. Straubmeier, E. Sturm, L. J. Tacconi, F. Vincent, S. von Fellenberg, F. Widmann, E. Wieprecht, E. Wiezorrek, J. Woillez, S. Yazici
Summary: The presence of an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) as a binary companion to Sgr A* in the Galactic Centre (GC) is investigated using data from the S2 star. Constraints suggest that IMBH masses > 2000 M-circle dot on orbits with smaller semi-major axes than S2 are largely excluded, and IMBHs with semi-major axes larger than S2 disrupt the S-star cluster in a short time period. Further observations can provide stronger constraints on the properties of IMBHs in the GC.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Lampon, M. Lopez-Puertas, J. Sanz-Forcada, S. Czesla, L. Nortmann, N. Casasayas-Barris, J. Orell-Miquel, A. Sanchez-Lopez, C. Danielski, E. Palle, K. Molaverdikhani, Th. Henning, J. A. Caballero, P. J. Amado, A. Quirrenbach, A. Reiners, I. Ribas
Summary: Characterisation of atmospheres undergoing photo-evaporation is important for understanding planetary formation and evolution. In this study, we characterised the upper atmospheres of several exoplanets through high-resolution observations. By comparing synthetic absorption spectra with observations, we constrained the main parameters of these planets' upper atmospheres and classified them according to their hydrodynamic regime.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
F. J. Pozuelos, M. Timmermans, B. V. Rackham, L. J. Garcia, A. J. Burgasser, S. R. Kane, M. N. Guenther, K. G. Stassun, V. Van Grootel, M. Devora-Pajares, R. Luque, B. Edwards, P. Niraula, N. Schanche, R. D. Wells, E. Ducrot, S. Howell, D. Sebastian, K. Barkaoui, W. Waalkes, C. Cadieux, R. Doyon, R. P. Boyle, J. Dietrich, A. Burdanov, L. Delrez, B. -O. Demory, J. de Wit, G. Dransfield, M. Gillon, Y. Gomez Maqueo Chew, M. J. Hooton, E. Jehin, C. A. Murray, P. P. Pedersen, D. Queloz, S. J. Thompson, A. H. M. J. Triaud, S. Zuniga-Fernandez, K. A. Collins, M. M. Fausnaugh, C. Hedges, K. M. Hesse, J. M. Jenkins, M. Kunimoto, D. W. Latham, A. Shporer, E. B. Ting, G. Torres, P. Amado, J. R. Rodon, C. Rodriguez-Lopez, J. C. Suarez, R. Alonso, Z. Benkhaldoun, Z. K. Berta-Thompson, P. Chinchilla, M. Ghachoui, M. A. Gomez-Munoz, R. Rebolo, L. Sabin, U. Schroffenegger, E. Furlan, C. Gnilka, K. Lester, N. Scott, C. Aganze, R. Gerasimov, C. Hsu, C. Theissen, D. Apai, W. P. Chen, P. Gabor, T. Henning, L. Mancini
Summary: This study reports the discovery of a two-planet system, TOI-2096, consisting of a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune orbiting a mid-type M dwarf. These benchmark systems provide valuable insights into planetary formation models around low-mass stars.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
G. Scandariato, F. Borsa, A. S. Bonomo, B. S. Gaudi, Th. Henning, I. Ilyin, M. C. Johnson, L. Malavolta, M. Mallonn, K. Molaverdikhani, V. Nascimbeni, J. Patience, L. Pino, K. Poppenhaeger, E. Schlawin, E. L. Shkolnik, D. Sicilia, A. Sozzetti, K. G. Strassmeier, C. Veillet, J. Wang, F. Yan
Summary: In this study, the optical emission spectrum of the hot giant planet MASCARA-1 b was detected through high-resolution spectroscopy. The presence of iron, chromium, and titanium elements in the planet's atmosphere was confirmed, which is significant for understanding the atmospheric characteristics of hot giant planets.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Rosales-Guzman, J. Sanchez-Bermudez, C. Paladini, A. Alberdi, W. Brandner, E. Cannon, G. Gonzalez-Tora, X. Haubois, Th. Henning, P. Kervella, M. Montarges, G. Perrin, R. Schodel, M. Wittkowski
Summary: By analyzing high-resolution observations of the M-type AGB star R Car in the near-infrared at different phases, we determined the size of its stellar disk and identified asymmetric and inhomogeneous structures in the CO molecule distribution. This study provides evidence of dust nucleation and wind formation conditions in M-type AGB stars, and highlights the role of magnesium composites in these processes.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiao He, Paula Caroline Perez Rickert, Tushar Suhasaria, Orianne Sohier, Tia Baecker, Dimitra Demertzi, Gianfranco Vidali, Thomas K. Henning
Summary: The diffusion of molecules on interstellar grain surfaces is crucial for the molecular complexity in the interstellar medium. A new measurement of CO2 diffusion on non-porous amorphous solid water (np-ASW) surface is presented, providing values for the diffusion energy barrier and pre-exponential factor. Comparison with prior laboratory measurements is discussed.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
B. Tabone, G. Bettoni, E. F. van Dishoeck, A. M. Arabhavi, S. Grant, D. Gasman, Th. Henning, I. Kamp, M. Guedel, P. O. Lagage, T. Ray, B. Vandenbussche, A. Abergel, O. Absil, I. Argyriou, D. Barrado, A. Boccaletti, J. Bouwman, A. Caratti o Garatti, V. Geers, A. M. Glauser, K. Justannont, F. Lahuis, M. Mueller, C. Nehme, G. Olofsson, E. Pantin, S. Scheithauer, C. Waelkens, L. B. F. M. Waters, J. H. Black, V. Christiaens, R. Guadarrama, M. Morales-Calderon, H. Jang, J. Kanwar, N. Pawellek, G. Perotti, A. Perrin, D. Rodgers-Lee, M. Samland, J. Schreiber, K. Schwarz, L. Colina, G. Oestlin, G. Wright
Summary: The amount of carbon that can be delivered to young planets is still uncertain. The chemical characterization of planet-forming disks is important for understanding the diversity and habitability of exoplanets. The James Webb Space Telescope detected abundant hydrocarbons in the disk of a very low-mass star, indicating an active warm hydrocarbon chemistry with a high C/O ratio and important consequences for the composition of forming exoplanets.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. Curone, L. Testi, E. Macias, M. Tazzari, S. Facchini, J. P. Williams, C. J. Clarke, A. Natta, G. Rosotti, C. Toci, G. Lodato
Summary: Observations of protoplanetary disks require a multiwavelength approach to fully understand their physical mechanisms and planet formation. This study focuses on CX Tau, using observations and analysis from multiple telescopes and wavelengths. The results show consistent findings with theoretical predictions and peculiar behavior in the centimeter wavelength observations.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
O. Balsalobre-Ruza, I. de Gregorio-Monsalvo, J. Lillo-Box, N. Huelamo, A. Ribas, M. Benisty, J. Bae, S. Facchini, R. Teague
Summary: By reanalyzing the ALMA observations of PDS 70, researchers have found tentative evidence of the formation of exotrojan bodies in the co-orbital Lagrangian regions L-4/L-5. However, further observations are needed to confirm this discovery.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nagayoshi Ohashi, John J. J. Tobin, Jes K. K. Jorgensen, Shigehisa Takakuwa, Patrick Sheehan, Yuri Aikawa, Zhi-Yun Li, Leslie W. W. Looney, Jonathan P. P. Williams, Yusuke Aso, Rajeeb Sharma, Jinshi Sai (Insa Choi), Yoshihide Yamato, Jeong-Eun Lee, Kengo Tomida, Hsi-Wei Yen, Frankie J. J. Encalada, Christian Flores, Sacha Gavino, Miyu Kido, Ilseung L. Han, Zhe-Yu Daniel Lin, Suchitra Narayanan, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Alejandro Santamaria-Miranda, Travis J. J. Thieme, Merel L. R. van 't Hoff, Itziar de Gregorio-Monsalvo, Patrick M. Koch, Woojin Kwon, Shih-Ping Lai, Chang Won Lee, Adele Plunkett, Kazuya Saigo, Shingo Hirano, Ka Ho Lam, Shoji Mori
Summary: We present an overview of the Large Program, Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk), conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The program aims to search for substructures in disks around 12 Class 0 and 7 Class I protostars in nearby star-forming regions. The initial results show that the dust disks around the sample protostars have relatively few distinctive substructures, in contrast to Class II disks, which suggests that substructures quickly develop in disks when the systems evolve from protostars to Class II sources, or that high optical depth of the continuum emission could obscure internal structures.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)