A three-dimensional interlayer composed of graphene and porous carbon for Long-life, High capacity Lithium-Iron Fluoride Battery

We design a macroscopic structure composing of porous carbon and graphene sheets, which are coated onto a cellulose paper as an interlayer inserted between electrode and separator. The interlayer mainly acts as a divertor to accommodate the discharge products breaking away from the electrode by mechanical degradation or cathode dissolution during cycling and keeps the close contact with current collector. Iron fluoride is a new-type lithium storage material developed in recent years, which can act as a cathode material candidate for the rechargeable lithium ion battery due to their large theoretical capacity and relatively high operating potential. Specifically, FeF3 center dot 0.33H(2)O, which possesses unusual tunnel structure, is attracting more and more attentions. However, FeF3 center dot 0.33H(2)O suffers from the poor electronic conductivity and volume effect during cycling, causing the large capacity fading. In this study, we design a macroscopic structure composing of porous carbon and graphene sheets, which are coated onto a cellulose paper as an interlayer inserted between electrode and separator. The interlayer can not only enhance the electronic conductivity, but also absorb the FeF3 center dot 0.33H(2)O nanoparticles breaking away from the Al foil due to the volume effect upon cycling. When the interlayer is applied in battery, discharge capacities of 600 and 460 mAh g(-1) can be achieved at the rates of 100 and 600 mA g(-1) after 60 cycles, respectively. Furthermore, the capacity of 435 mAh g(-1) can be still retained at a high rate of 1000 mA g(-1) after 250 cycles. The results demonstrate a potential feasibility for the porous carbon/graphene sheets to be applied to obtain a high-performance lithium-iron fluoride battery. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.