Article
Surgery
Chloe Jacklin, Jeremy N. Rodrigues, Joanna Collins, Jonathan Cook, Conrad J. Harrison
Summary: This article systematically reviews the sample size calculations and target differences in high-profile surgical RCTs that used a patient-reported outcome measure as the primary outcome. The results indicate that suboptimal methods are often used to determine the target difference, and the sample size calculations generally do not meet DELTA(2) standards, which may result in over-recruitment and erroneous trial conclusions.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hai-Lun Xie, Guo-Tian Ruan, Lishuang Wei, Qi Zhang, Yi-Zhong Ge, Meng-Meng Song, Xi Zhang, Shi-qi Lin, Xiao-yue Liu, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Xiang-Rui Li, Kang-Ping Zhang, Chun-Lei Hu, Ming Yang, Meng Tang, Chun-Hua Song, Ming-Hua Cong, Min Weng, Zeng-Ning Li, Wei Li, Kun-Hua Wang, Han-Ping Shi
Summary: This multicenter retrospective study aimed to explore the prognostic value of the combination of body composition and systemic inflammation in patients with cancer cachexia. The study found that low mALI was significantly associated with poor nutritional status, high tumor burden, and high inflammation, and was also correlated with lower overall survival. mALI serves as an effective complement to the traditional TNM staging system for prognosis evaluation and a promising nutritional inflammatory indicator.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Junjie Wang, Shanjun Tan, Luca Gianotti, Guohao Wu
Summary: Wasting in cancer patients adversely affects their quality of life, treatment tolerance, and oncological outcomes. Evaluating this condition solely based on body weight is not accurate, as it includes changes in all body compartments and may be masked by conditions such as edema and ascites. Historically, body composition assessment in cancer patients has been underappreciated due to limited measurement tools. However, as the importance of body composition is increasingly recognized, a more precise evaluation and targeted approach to nutritional support for cancer patients is crucial.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
T. J. Cole
Summary: The study fitted growth reference curves for 6878 boys aged 0-21 years using GAMLSS method, exploring the impact of sample size and sample composition on precision. It concluded that optimally designed studies need 7000-25000 subjects per sex to achieve constant precision across the age range.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Aurelien Vanat, Jong Woo Lee, Hisham Elkhider, Jan Novy, Nawfel Ben-Hamouda, Mauro Oddo, Andrea O. Rossetti
Summary: This study describes and validates a multimodal score that can accurately identify early comatose cardiac arrest survivors who will regain functional independence at 3 months using clinical, EEG, and biological indicators available within 72 hours.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jingxiao Jin, Jacqueline Visina, Timothy F. Burns, Brenda Diergaarde, Laura P. Stabile
Summary: This study analyzed the influence of sex, body mass index (BMI), and pretreatment weight loss (PWL) on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The results showed that females were more likely to experience immune-related adverse events and had a lower risk of death compared to males. BMI was not significantly associated with outcomes overall, but underweight patients had a higher risk of progression and death in the first-line monotherapy group. Weight loss was also associated with worse outcomes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Jan Heyckendorf, Sophia B. Georghiou, Nicole Frahm, Norbert Heinrich, Irina Kontsevaya, Maja Reimann, David Holtzman, Marjorie Imperial, Daniela M. Cirillo, Stephen H. Gillespie, Morten Ruhwald
Summary: Despite advancements in diagnostics, drugs, and regimens, tuberculosis remains a major global health threat. The current methods for monitoring TB treatment and determining treatment success have limitations. However, molecular technologies and assays show promise as suitable alternatives, which can potentially revolutionize TB therapy monitoring and expedite drug development.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Lacey M. Gould, Hannah E. Cabre, Gabrielle J. Brewer, Katie R. Hirsch, Malia N. M. Blue, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
Summary: The study found that body composition was not significantly affected by the menstrual cycle, but respiratory quotient (RQ) was higher during the early follicular (EF) phase. Researchers should aim to schedule testing for females within 11-12 days from the onset of menstruation.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Takehito Shukuya, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Yasushi Shintani, Keita Miura, Ikuo Sekine, Koichi Takayama, Akira Inoue, Isamu Okamoto, Katsuyuki Kiura, Tomoya Kawaguchi, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Etsuo Miyaoka, Ichiro Yoshino, Hiroshi Date
Summary: This study examined the epidemiology, risk factors, and impact of cancer cachexia on chemotherapy response rate and prognosis in lung cancer patients. Cancer cachexia significantly affects a patient's quality of life and prognosis. Understanding these factors related to cancer cachexia is crucial for overcoming it in lung cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhen Tian, Tomas Magna, James M. D. Day, Klaus Mezger, Erik E. Scherer, Katharina Lodders, Remco C. Hin, Piers Koefoed, Hannah Bloom, Kun Wang
Summary: The abundances of water and highly to moderately volatile elements in planets play a critical role in mantle convection, surface evolution processes, and habitability, with variations in volatile content among planets potentially originating from different degrees of volatile loss during the growth of various mass bodies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giorgia Querin, Timothee Lenglet, Rabab Debs, Tanya Stojkovic, Anthony Behin, Francois Salachas, Nadine Le Forestier, Maria Del Mar Amador, Gaelle Bruneteau, Pascal Laforet, Sophie Blancho, Veronique Marchand-Pauvert, Peter Bede, Jean-Yves Hogrel, Pierre-Francois Pradat
Summary: Quantitative strength testing, SMAFRS, and MUNIX are effective in capturing disease progression in adult SMA patients. Composite multimodal scores increase predictive value and may reduce sample size requirements in clinical trials.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stefania Toselli, Alessia Grigoletto, Luciana Zaccagni, Natascia Rinaldo, Georgian Badicu, Wilhelm Robert Grosz, Francesco Campa
Summary: Adolescence is a sensitive period of life characterized by physical and psychological changes. This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal changes in body composition and weight status in Italian adolescents over 3 years of middle school, and to analyze the influence of these parameters on body image perception and satisfaction. The results showed differences in body composition changes between males and females, with associations found between body image perception, BMI, and sex. Monitoring body image perception in young adolescents, especially in females and those who are overweight or obese, is crucial for preventing nutritional disorders.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniela M. H. Padilha, Maria C. S. Mendes, Fabiana Lascala, Marina N. Silveira, Lara Pozzuto, Larissa A. O. Santos, Livia D. Guerra, Rafaella C. L. Moreira, Sandra R. Branbilla, D. C. Junior Ademar, Mateus B. O. Duarte, Maria L. Moretti, Jose B. C. Carvalheira
Summary: Low skeletal muscle radiodensity, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and a composite score based on both variables are associated with complications, use of ventilatory support, and survival in patients with COVID-19.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sandra L. Olson, Gary A. Ruff, Paul V. Ferkul, Jay C. Owens, John Easton, Ya -Ting Liao, James S. T'ien, Balazs Toth, Grunde Jomaas, Carlos Fernandez-Pello, Guillaume Legros, Augustin Guibaud, Osamu Fujita, Nikolay Smirnov, David L. Urban
Summary: This study presents concurrent flame spread data for thermally-thin charring solid fuels in habitable spacecraft. The experiments show that duct size strongly affects flame spread rates and flame lengths. The observed transient excess pyrolysis length is hypothesized to be a post-ignition flame growth transient for two-dimensional flames.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mehrbod Estaki, Lisa Langsetmo, Michelle Shardell, Anna Mischel, Lingjing Jiang, Yuan Zhong, Christopher Kaufmann, Rob Knight, Katie Stone, Deborah Kado
Summary: Growing evidence suggests bidirectional links between gut microbiota and sleep quality as shared contributors to health. However, little is known about the relationship between microbiota and sleep among older persons. This study analyzed stool microbiota and sleep quality among older men, and found that men with poor sleep tended to have lower microbiota diversity and that sleep regularity was significantly associated with microbiota composition.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Trude R. Balstad, Erik T. Lohre, Lene Thoresen, Morten Thronaes, Laila S. Skjelvan, Ragnhild G. Helgas, Tora S. Solheim, Kari Sand
Summary: This study investigated the experiences of healthcare providers (HCPs) with parenteral nutrition (PN) in cancer patients, focusing on perceived treatment benefits and challenges. Results showed that HCPs believed PN may increase patients' energy levels, improve their general condition, and reduce eating-related distress. However, burdensome side effects and difficulties in deciding on PN withdrawal were also observed.
ONCOLOGY AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Christian Bjerknes, Bomi Framroze, Crawford Currie, Caroline Hild Hakvag Pettersen, Karol Axcrona, Erland Hermansen
Summary: The study found that a bioactive peptide-rich salmon protein hydrolysate can enhance the anti-proliferative effect of bicalutamide on prostate cancer cells, potentially through modulating iron homeostasis mechanisms.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Julie Sorbo Helliesen, Ida Kristiansen, Hilde Kristin Brekke, Ragnhild Stenshjemmet Stokket, Asta Bye
Summary: This study aimed to quantify the impact of nutrition symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and found that these symptoms were closely related to the risk of malnutrition. The most common symptoms were constipation and dry mouth. Malnourished participants had more swallowing problems compared to well-nourished participants. The results suggest that symptoms affecting food intake should be systematically assessed and treated in conjunction with PD to prevent malnutrition.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Silje Kjarrnes Oen, Knut Johannessen, Lars Kjelsberg Pedersen, Erik Magnus Berntsen, Jon Andre Totland, Hakon Johansen, Trond Velde Bogsrud, Tora S. Solheim, Anna Karlberg, Live Eikenes
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate if combined F-18-FACBC PET/MRI could provide additional diagnostic information compared to MRI alone in brain metastases. The results showed that F-18-FACBC PET/MRI did not improve the detection of brain metastases compared to MRI, but it might detect tumor tissue beyond the contrast enhancement seen on MRI.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Are Kristensen, Bjorn Henning Gronberg, Oystein Flotten, Stein Kaasa, Tora Skeidsvoll Solheim
Summary: This study aimed to assess the trajectory of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during the last year of life and explore the accelerated deterioration of symptoms and physical functioning towards the end of life. The findings revealed that patients with advanced NSCLC experience a high symptom burden that worsens over time, especially in the last 4 months.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Guro Falk Eriksen, Jurate Saltyte Benth, Bjorn Henning Gronberg, Siri Rostoft, Lene Kirkhus, Oyvind Kirkevold, Line Merethe Oldervoll, Asta Bye, Anne Hjelstuen, Marit Slaaen
Summary: This study aimed to assess differences in trends in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) during radiotherapy (RT) between groups with curative or palliative treatment intent and groups defined according to the number of geriatric impairments. The results showed that patients receiving palliative RT reported significantly worse global quality of life and physical function compared to the curative group. The number of geriatric impairments had a profound negative impact on global quality of life and physical function, but no further decline was observed, indicating that RT was well tolerated.
JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
David Blum, Ola Magne Vagnildhaug, Guro Birgitte Stene, Matthew Maddocks, Jonas Sorensen, Barry J. A. Laird, Carla M. Prado, Tora Skeidsvoll Solheim, Jann Arends, Jane Hopkinson, Christopher A. Jones, Mathias Schloegl
Summary: Cachexia, a common syndrome in cancer and chronic disease, is often overlooked and not properly treated. This article provides tips from clinicians and researchers in cancer care, nutrition, and exercise on assessing, classifying, and managing cachexia based on its stage. Multimodal management of cachexia aligns with interdisciplinary palliative care and screening, diagnosing, and managing cachexia is crucial to improving patients' quality of life.
JOURNAL OF PALLIATIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sigrid Ryeng Alnes, Ellisiv Laerum-Onsager, Asta Bye, Annette Vistven, Erika Franzen, Mette Holst, Therese Brovold
Summary: This study aims to examine the effect of a six-month mobile health technology (m-health) follow-up program focusing on self-management in exercise and nutrition after an in-service interdisciplinary rehabilitation program for individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD). The intervention group receives personalized digital conversations and uses an activity tracker, with additional nutritional follow-up for those at risk. The control group receives usual care. The primary outcome is physical capacity, with secondary outcomes including nutritional status, health-related quality of life, physical function, and exercise adherence.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Liv Cathrine Heggebo, Ida Maria Henriksen Borgen, Hillevi Rylander, Cecilie Kiserud, Tonje Haug Nordenmark, Taran Paulsen Hellebust, Morten Egeberg Evensen, Magnus Gustavsson, Christina Ramberg, Mette Sprauten, Henriette Magelssen, Hanne Blakstad, Janani Moorthy, Karin Andersson, Ingela Raunert, Thomas Henry, Cecilie Moe, Carin Granlund, Dorota Goplen, Jorunn Brekke, Tor-Christian Aase Johannessen, Tora Skeidsvoll Solheim, Kirsten Marienhagen, Oyvind Humberset, Per Bergstrom, Mans Agrup, Ludvig Dahl, Michael Gubanski, Helene Gojon, Carl-Johan Brahme, Isabelle Ryden, Asgeir S. Jakola, Einar O. Vik-Mo, Hanne C. Lie, Lars Asphaug, Maziar Hervani, Ingrid Kristensen, Corina Silvia Rueegg, Inge C. Olsen, Rolf J. Ledal, Eskil Degsell, Katja Werlenius, Malin Blomstrand, Petter Brandal
Summary: This study is an open-label, multicenter, randomized phase III non-inferiority study comparing proton therapy and photon therapy in the treatment of IDH-mutated diffuse gliomas grade 2-3. The results of this study will provide important information on the safety, cognition, fatigue, and quality of life parameters for this patient population.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Katharina Diernberger, Eleanor Clausen, Gordon Murray, Bee Wee, Stein Kaasa, Peter Hall, Marie Fallon
Summary: EPAT facilitates personalized medicine, potentially reducing the use of opioids, adopting more specific treatment approaches, improving pain outcomes, and saving costs.
BMJ SUPPORTIVE & PALLIATIVE CARE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Erik Torbjorn Lohre, Augstein Svedahl, Gunnhild Jakobsen, Tora Skeidsvoll Solheim, Pal Klepstad, Morten Thronaes
Summary: This retrospective study observed the concomitant use of dexmedetomidine and opioids in nine palliative cancer care patients. The results showed that dexmedetomidine treatment decreased opioid consumption and was well tolerated, suggesting it may be a treatment option late in the disease trajectory.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katja Werlenius, Sara Kinhult, Tora Skeidsvoll Solheim, Henriette Magelssen, David Loefgren, Munila Mudaisi, Sofia Hylin, Jiri Bartek, Michael Strandeus, Magnus Lindskog, Havyan Bahroz Rashid, Louise Carstam, Sasha Gulati, Ole Solheim, Jiri Bartek, Oyvind Salvesen, Asgeir Store Jakola
Summary: In patients with recurrent glioblastoma, the addition of disulfiram and copper to chemotherapy resulted in significantly increased toxic effects, but no significant difference in survival, according to this multicenter, open-label, randomized phase II/III clinical trial. These findings suggest that disulfiram and copper is without benefit in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
Review
Oncology
Mette Overgaard Holm, Asta Bye, Ursula Falkmer, Randi Tobberup, Henrik Hojgaard Rasmussen, Charlotte Lauridsen, Mette Karen Yilmaz, Jimmi Sondergaard, Laurids Ostergaard Poulsen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nutritional interventions on acute radiation-induced diarrhoea (RID) in pelvic cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Out of the 21 identified studies, 11 were deemed to have low-quality evidence, but two high-quality studies showed that probiotics improved acute RID. Therefore, further well-designed studies on the effects of probiotics on acute RID are recommended.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
James Mcdonald, Judith Sayers, Stefan D. Anker, Jann Arends, Trude Balstad, Vickie Baracos, Leo Brown, Asta Bye, Olav Dajani, Ross Dolan, Marie T. Fallon, Eilidh Fraser, Christine Griel, Aleksandra Grzyb, Marianne Hjermstad, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Gunnhild Jakobsen, Stein Kaasa, Donald Mcmillan, Matthew Maddocks, Iain Philips, Inger O. Ottestad, Kieran F. Reid, Mariana S. Sousa, Melanie R. Simpson, Ola Magne Vagnildhaug, Richard J. E. Skipworth, Tora S. Solheim, Barry J. A. Laird, Canc Cachexia Endpoints Working Grp
Summary: This systematic review assessed the frequency and diversity of physical function endpoints in cancer cachexia trials. The results showed that hand grip strength was the most commonly used physical function endpoint, while clinician assessments and patient-reported outcomes were also widely used. However, due to heterogeneity in study design, populations, intervention, and endpoint selection, there is currently no clear optimal endpoint and measurement method.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)