Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Pawel Komarnicki, Jan Musialkiewicz, Alicja Stanska, Adam Maciejewski, Pawel Gut, George Mastorakos, Marek Ruchala
Summary: Neuroendocrine tumors are a diverse group of tumors originating from the endocrine system, with varying clinical presentations, prognosis, and treatment depending on their location and hormonal status. Functional tumors can be diagnosed using monoanalytes, while no universal biomarkers have been established for non-functional tumors. Previously researched substances lack desired sensitivity and specificity, but circulating tumor cells and multianalytes offer more accurate diagnostic parameters. Despite promising results, there are currently no international standards for their routine use and clinical application.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Stanley Ly, Vivek Anand, Fouad El-Dana, Khoa Nguyen, Yiming Cai, Shirong Cai, Helen Piwnica-Worms, Debasish Tripathy, Aysegul A. Sahin, Michael Andreeff, Venkata Lokesh Battula
Summary: GD2 is expressed in around 60% of primary TNBC tumors at variable levels and is associated with worse overall survival of patients with TNBC. Treatment with dinutuximab significantly decreased adhesion and migration of TNBC cells, inhibited mTOR signaling, and reduced tumor growth in both cell-line xenografts and PDX models. Our data provide proof-of-concept for the critical role of GD2 in BCSCs and demonstrate the potential of dinutuximab as a novel therapeutic approach for TNBC.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Agata Mormul, Emilia Wloszek, Julia Nowoszewska, Marta Fudalej, Michal Budzik, Anna Badowska-Kozakiewicz, Andrzej Deptala
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common pancreatic tumor, accounting for 85% of cases. The remaining 15% consists of various rare neoplasms. This study gathered the latest data on the epidemiology, diagnosis, biomarkers, and management of six rare pancreatic tumors to provide important insights for their proper classification and treatment.
Review
Oncology
Erica S. Alexander, Etay Ziv
Summary: Liver metastases secondary to neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are common and have a negative impact on quality of life and overall survival. Biomarkers and genetics associated with NETs, including diagnostic tools, prognosis assessment, and treatment options, are discussed. Liver-directed therapies are highlighted as important treatment options for liver-dominant NETs.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Tincy Simon, Pamela Riemer, Armin Jarosch, Katharina Detjen, Annunziata Di Domenico, Felix Bormann, Andrea Menne, Slim Khouja, Nanna Monje, Liam H. Childs, Dido Lenze, Ulf Leser, Florian Rossner, Markus Morkel, Nils Bluethgen, Marianne Pavel, David Horst, David Capper, Ilaria Marinoni, Aurel Perren, Soulafa Mamlouk, Christine Sers
Summary: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) can be classified into two subclasses: well-differentiated PanNETs and poorly-differentiated high-grade PanNECs. Recent studies have shown that high-grade PanNECs originate from exocrine cells, distinguishing them in cell lineage from other endocrine-origin PanNETs. This study provides a method to clearly distinguish PanNECs from G3 PanNETs, improving patient stratification.
Article
Oncology
Xiao Yu, Jing-Quan Teng, Jia Chen, Chao Peng, Tong-Rui Guo, Meng-Wei Dong, Xiao-Lu Hao, Kai-Xin Li, Xiang-Xiang Huo, Cui-Cui Ren
Summary: Lack of sensitive biomarkers leads to 9.6 million cancer-related deaths annually worldwide. This study investigated the relationship between ELL Associated Factor 2 (EAF2) expression and diagnostic and prognostic features in various human cancers. In silico and in vitro approaches were employed, utilizing multiple online resources and additional datasets for validation. The findings revealed elevated EAF2 expression in 19 types of cancer, with significant correlation to shorter overall survival, relapse-free survival, and metastasis in liver hepatocellular carcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. Pathway analysis and associations with promoter methylation, genetic alterations, and immune cell infiltration were also observed. EAF2 can serve as a valuable biomarker for tumorigenesis and metastasis in these cancers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Wenzel M. Hackeng, Koen M. A. Dreijerink, Wendy W. J. de Leng, Folkert H. M. Morsink, Gerlof D. Valk, Menno R. Vriens, G. Johan A. Offerhaus, Christoph Geisenberger, Lodewijk A. A. Brosens
Summary: This study developed a prediction model based on DNA methylation data that accurately predicts the origin of neuroendocrine tumors. The model demonstrated robust performance across various experimental parameters and a user-friendly online tool was established for validation and clinical use.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Barbara Bober, Marek Saracyn, Kornelia Zareba, Arkadiusz Lubas, Pawel Mazurkiewicz, Ewelina Wilinska, Grzegorz Kaminski
Summary: This study assessed early bone marrow and kidney injury after administration of Lutetium-177 or Lutetium-177 combined with Yttrium-90. It found that PRRT treatment led to a significant decrease in leukocyte counts, but had no significant influence on glomerular filtration. However, PRRT triggered acute renal tubule dysfunction regardless of treatment type.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andrew H. Nguyen, Michael P. O'Leary, James P. De Andrade, Philip H. G. Ituarte, Jonathan Kessler, Daneng Li, Gagandeep Singh, Sue Chang
Summary: Renal neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare and their natural history is poorly understood. The study found that patients with earlier stage and favorable histologies had increased survival rates.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Woo Hyun Paik, Kyong Joo Lee
Summary: The incidence of small and asymptomatic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) has increased due to the widespread use of high-resolution diagnostic imaging in screening programs. The management of small, nonfunctioning PNENs remains under debate, and the decision on how to manage them is challenging. This review focuses on the management of small nonfunctioning PNENs, highlighting their malignant potential and discussing the current guidelines and future directions for their management.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fatma Moncer, Nafaa Adhoum, Darmin Catak, Lotfi Monser
Summary: The electrochemically synthesized nano-sensor using MIPPy shows high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting 5-HIAA in human biological fluids. The sensor demonstrates promising application potential with excellent recovery rates and accurate detection capabilities.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yanqi Zhong, Heng Zhang, Xian Wang, Zongqiong Sun, Yuxi Ge, Weiqiang Dou, Shudong Hu
Summary: This study aimed to assess the radiological features of pancreatic mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare them with those of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and neuroendocrine tumor (NET). The findings showed that MiNEN has larger size, heterogeneous and cystic components compared with PDAC, and ill-defined irregular margins, progressive enhancement, and adjacent organ involvement compared with NET. Vascular invasion is less commonly seen in MiNEN. Moderate enhancement is more frequently observed in MiNEN than in PDAC or NET. The combination of moderate enhancement and ill-defined irregular margin can be used as valuable features for the prediction of pancreatic MiNEN, with high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy.
INSIGHTS INTO IMAGING
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Michele Bevere, Francesca Masetto, Maria Elena Carazzolo, Alice Bettega, Anastasios Gkountakos, Aldo Scarpa, Michele Simbolo
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases with different behavior and clinical manifestations. However, current mono-analyte biomarkers are ineffective in describing these complex tumors, while multi-analytical biomarkers like NETest are emerging as more effective tools for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. This review analyzes the capabilities and limitations of different circulating biomarkers in accurate diagnosis, monitoring disease progression and response to therapy, and detecting early relapse.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dariusz Starzynski, Sylwia Rzeszotek, Agnieszka Kolasa, Marta Grabowska, Barbara Wiszniewska, Aleksandra Kudrymska, Katarzyna Karpinska, Aleksandra Toloczko-Grabarek, Agnieszka Janiec, Aleksandra Myszka, Pawel Rynio, Anhelli Syrenicz, Elzbieta Sowinska-Przepiera
Summary: The treatment of ANEN is based on tumor size and proliferation markers, with increasing consideration of the role of FSHR from a clinical perspective. FSHR expression is associated with various tumor types and is not found in healthy tissues distant from the tumor site. This study found a higher number of microvessels in the mucosa and submucosa of ANEN, along with higher FSHR expression in women.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Miao-Zhen Qiu, Qingjian Chen, Dan-Yang Zheng, Qi Zhao, Qi-Nian Wu, Zhi-Wei Zhou, Li-Qiong Yang, Qiu-Yun Luo, Yu-Ting Sun, Ming-Yu Lai, Sha-Sha Yuan, Feng-Hua Wang, Hui-Yan Luo, Feng Wang, Yu-Hong Li, Hui-Zhong Zhang, Rui-Hua Xu
Summary: Gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) is a heterogeneous tumor composed of adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. Whole-exome and multi-regional sequencing revealed that MANEC has four significantly mutated genes and shares similarities with chromosomal instability stomach adenocarcinoma. MANEC tumors are of monoclonal origin and the neuroendocrine carcinoma components exhibit more aggressive genomic properties. The phylogenetic trees demonstrate different patterns of tumor divergence, and immunohistochemistry confirms the transition from adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine carcinoma in MANEC.
Review
Oncology
Charalampos Aktypis, Maria-Eleni Spei, Maria Yavropoulou, Goran Wallin, Anna Koumarianou, Gregory Kaltsas, Eva Kassi, Kosmas Daskalakis
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of the safety profile of biotherapy and molecular targeted therapies in NEN patients, focusing on cardiovascular toxicities. Results indicate that SSAs and TPH inhibitors are safer in terms of overall toxicity, particularly cardiovascular toxicities, compared to mTOR inhibitors and TKIs.
Review
Biology
Marina Tsoli, Kosmas Daskalakis, Eva Kassi, Gregory Kaltsas, Apostolos Tsolakis
Summary: Pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGLs) and adrenocortical tumors are rare neoplasms with significant heterogeneity in their biologic and clinical behavior. Current diagnostic and predictive biomarkers include hormone secretion, as well as histopathological and genetic features. Recent genomic and proteomic studies have identified new genetic and circulating biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity as diagnostic or prognostic tools, and new molecular classifications have been proposed for adrenal tumors subgroups with different clinical outcomes.
Article
Oncology
Maria Wedin, Marina Tsoli, Goeran Wallin, Eva Tiensuu Janson, Anna Koumarianou, Gregory Kaltsas, Kosmas Daskalakis
Summary: Virchow's node metastasis (VM) is relatively rare in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) but is more often encountered in patients with higher-grade tumors and established distant para-aortic lymph node metastases. However, the presence of VM does not seem to have a negative impact on patients' survival outcomes and treatment responses when compared to similar-grade SI-NET patients with metastases confined in the abdomen.