Journal
BIOMEDICINES
Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010015
Keywords
electrochemical method; nanobiosensors; biomolecules; stem cells; cancer cell detection
Categories
Funding
- Chung-Ang University Graduate Research Scholarship in 2020
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [NRF2019M3A9H2031820, NRF-2019R1A4A1028700]
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Electrochemical sensors are widely used for detecting biomolecules and cells with advantages such as label-free and non-destructive detection, high sensitivity, and selectivity. Recent studies focus on improving sensor performance and expanding applications through various nanomaterials and biomaterials.
Electrochemical sensors are considered an auspicious tool to detect biomolecules (e.g., DNA, proteins, and lipids), which are valuable sources for the early diagnosis of diseases and disorders. Advances in electrochemical sensing platforms have enabled the development of a new type of biosensor, enabling label-free, non-destructive detection of viability, function, and the genetic signature of whole cells. Numerous studies have attempted to enhance both the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors, which are the most critical parameters for assessing sensor performance. Various nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, and metal oxide nanoparticles, have been used to improve the electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic properties of working electrodes, increasing sensor sensitivity. Further modifications have been implemented to advance sensor platform selectivity and biocompatibility using biomaterials such as antibodies, aptamers, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and peptide composites. This paper summarizes recent electrochemical sensors designed to detect target biomolecules and animal cells (cancer cells and stem cells). We hope that this review will inspire researchers to increase their efforts to accelerate biosensor progress-enabling a prosperous future in regenerative medicine and the biomedical industry.
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