Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Umme Thahira Khatoon, Aditya Velidandi, G. V. S. Nageswara Rao
Summary: Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using oxalic acid, sodium borohydride, and tri-sodium citrate as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Different concentrations of metal precursor and reducing agent were tested. The synthesized nanoparticles showed maximum absorbance in the range of 200 nm to 450 nm. XRD and EDX confirmed the synthesis of CuO NPs. S-CuO NPs exhibited the best particle size and surface charge, as well as the highest antibacterial activity against various bacteria.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lung-Ming Fu, Jia-Hong Hsu, Ming-Kuei Shih, Chang-Wei Hsieh, Wei-Jhong Ju, Yu-Wei Chen, Bao-Hong Lee, Chih-Yao Hou
Summary: This study provides a stable and excellent AgNP synthesis technique which can improve various applications involving AgNP-mediated reactions and offers a potential alternative to using expensive detection equipment for mercury detection in food.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Umme Thahira Khatoon, Aditya Velidandi, G. V. S. Nageswara Rao
Summary: This study reports a simple and economic method for the synthesis of nano-sized silver particles, which showed effective antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity. These silver nanoparticles can be potentially used as antimicrobial agents in biomedical applications.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Minoo Bagheri, Yeganeh Amidi, Mohammad Yaser Masoomi
Summary: In this study, quasi-ZIF-67 (Q-ZIF-67) with large-scale structural defects was synthesized via controlled thermal partial deligandation. Q-ZIF-67 exhibited enhanced catalytic activity for hydrolysis of NaBH4, generating hydrogen at a high rate under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed the importance of strong acidity for efficient hydrogen generation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Siti Rabizah Makhsin, Muhamad Hasbullah Zakaria, Muhammad Haziq Noor Akashah, Rozina Abdul Rani, Patricia J. Scully, Peter Gardner
Summary: The main objective of this work was to create a novel sensing material using different sizes of gold nanoparticles embedded in agarose hydrogel encapsulated fibre optic sensors. The study found that smaller sized gold nanoparticles and a two-layer coating significantly boosted the signal of the fibre optic sensor, demonstrating the potential for further exploration in specific sensing applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Van-Tuan Hoang, Ngo Xuan Dinh, Nguyen Le Nhat Trang, Nguyen Tien Khi, Nguyen Van Quy, Pham Anh Tuan, Doan Quang Tri, Le Hong Thang, Tran Quang Huy, Anh-Tuan Le
Summary: An efficient colorimetric probe based on surface-functionalized silver nanoparticles was developed for sensitive detection of thiram pesticide in water samples, with amine-functionalized AgNPs showing higher stability and sensitivity in thiram detection. The probe exhibited a linear detection range from 0.1-100 mu M with a detection limit of 0.036 mu M, making it a promising platform for highly efficient detection of thiram in environmental water solutions.
MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Frances Pope, Jeffrey Jonk, Millie Fowler, Petrus C. M. Laan, Norbert J. Geels, Larissa Drangai, Vitaly Gitis, Gadi Rothenberg
Summary: The safety concern of using large amounts of compressed or liquid hydrogen in a transition to a hydrogen economy can be addressed by using chitosan as a catalyst support. Chitosan spheres encapsulating cobalt catalysts remain stable at high reaction pH, and show high catalytic activity and reusability.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Matias Zuniga-Bustos, Jeffrey Comer, Horacio Poblete
Summary: Nanoscale silver particles are widely used in biomedical and other technologies due to their unique antibacterial, optical, and electrical properties. Understanding the structure and thermodynamics of capping agent layers on the metal surface is crucial for the preparation and protection of these nanoparticles.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tripti Ahuja, Kamalesh Chaudhari, Ganesan Paramasivam, Gopi Ragupathy, Jyoti Sarita Mohanty, Thalappil Pradeep
Summary: This study investigated changes in binding modes of citrate on silver nanoparticles using SP-SERS, revealing distinct spectra and groups labeled favorable (F) and probable (P). The research combined experimental analysis and DFT simulations to understand the structures and vibrational features, offering a method for ligand reconstruction and vibrational tomography at the single-particle level.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Emi Takeda, Wei Xu, Mitsuhiro Terakawa, Takuro Niidome
Summary: Research showed that triangular silver nanoparticles coated with silica exhibited strong antimicrobial activity under high laser power, but crystallization of the silica layer at moderate power levels led to decreased antimicrobial activity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cafer Saka, Asim Balbay
Summary: For the first time, phosphoric acid and acetic acid catalysts were used for efficient hydrogen production from sodium borohydride ethylene glycolysis reaction. The experimental results showed that the presence of water negatively affects H-2 production. The hydrogen generation rate obtained with H3PO4 and CH3COOH catalysts were 5800 and 4542 mL/min, respectively.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yiting Bu, Jiaxi Liu, Hailiang Chu, Sheng Wei, Qingqing Yin, Li Kang, Xiaoshuang Luo, Lixian Sun, Fen Xu, Pengru Huang, Federico Rosei, Aleskey A. Pimerzin, Hans Juergen Seifert, Yong Du, Jianchuan Wang
Summary: In this study, Co nanoparticles supported on bagasse-derived porous carbon (Co@xPC) were synthesized for catalytic hydrolytic dehydrogenation of NaBH4. The Co@150PC catalyst showed high hydrogen generation activity and excellent durability. The results indicate that the Co@xPC structure enhances the hydrolysis efficiency of NaBH4.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yi Wang, Xiang Liu
Summary: A series of magnetic recyclable cobalt ferrite-modified transition-metal nanoparticles were developed for catalytic hydrolytic dehydrogenation of NaBH4 for H-2 evolution, with Ru/CoFe2O4 and Pd/CoFe2O4 exhibiting the highest catalytic activities. CoFe2O4 was found to be the key factor in facilitating H-2 production in this work.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jing Jiang, Shiyu Yang, Huili Lei, Lunhong Ai
Summary: Porous carbon nanostructures as supports can stabilize highly dispersed metal nanoparticles and facilitate mass transfer in reactions; catalytically active porous structures were synthesized and characterized for the efficient catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4; the prepared Co@NC-600 sample shows high activity due to the catalytically active metallic Co and suitable support effect of N-doped carbon.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Ahmed Abutaleb
Summary: Simple and inexpensive techniques were used to synthesize copper nanoparticle decorated titania nanofibers using electrospinning and hydrothermal methods. These composite nanofibers showed good photocatalytic activity for dye degradation and hydrogen production.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hadil M. Alahdal, Fuad Ameen, Sami AlYahya, Hana Sonbol, Anas Khan, Yousef Alsofayan, Ahmed Alahmari
Summary: This study investigated the spread of COVID-19 through wastewater and the efficiency of sewage treatment in removing the virus. The results showed that sewage treatment was effective in removing SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. However, the viral RNA load in wastewater was relatively low, indicating that sewage may only preserve viral RNA for a short time in a hot climate. Additionally, there was no significant correlation between hospital admissions and viral RNA in sewage.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Correction
Environmental Sciences
Hadil M. Alahdal, Fuad Ameen, Sami AlYahya, Hana Sonbol, Anas Khan, Yousef Alsofayan, Ahmed Alahmari
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Dalal Nasser Binjawhar, Salam S. S. Alsharari, Aisha Albalawi, Maryam Jawad Abdulhasan, Mehr Khat, Fuad Ameen
Summary: In this study, a sustainable green synthesis method was used to synthesize cuprous oxide nanoparticles (NPs) using Olea europaea extract. The synthesized cuprous oxide NPs were characterized using various techniques and were found to have an average crystallite size of about 30 nm. The TEM analysis showed that the NPs were spherical in shape. Furthermore, the cuprous oxide NPs exhibited greater antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae compared to the Olea europaea aqueous extract.
MICRO & NANO LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nouf M. Al-Enazi, Khawla Alsamhary, Fuad Ameen
Summary: The incidence of candidiasis has increased globally in recent decades, posing a significant threat to critically ill patients. Candida sp. is known for its ability to form biofilms, which has led to resistance to traditional antifungal drugs. This study investigates the potential of pectin-capped copper sulfide nanoparticles (pCuS NPs) in inhibiting Candida albicans biofilm formation. The results show that pCuS NPs effectively inhibit C. albicans growth and disrupt membrane integrity. They also control the transition between yeast and hyphal forms and reduce the production of virulence traits associated with biofilm formation. These findings suggest that pCuS NPs may be a promising therapeutic approach for C. albicans infections associated with biofilms.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Mohamed J. Saadh, Hala Baher, Yuanji Li, Mvnl Chaitanya, Jose Luis Arias-Gonzales, Omer Qutaiba B. Allela, Mohammed H. Mahdi, Juan Carlos Cotrina-Aliaga, Natrayan Lakshmaiya, Salam Ahjel, Ali H. Amin, Gregorio Gilmer Rosales Rojas, Fuad Ameen, Muhammad Ahsan, Reza Akhavan-Sigari
Summary: Multidisciplinary approaches in cancer treatment are essential in coordinating multiple disciplines for effective tumor elimination. Nanocarriers have emerged as promising structures for the treatment of pancreatic cancer by responding to pH and redox conditions, allowing for targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo. Loading drugs onto nanoparticles helps enhance intracellular accumulation in cancer cells, slowing the progression of pancreatic cancer. Nanoparticles can also be used for gene encapsulation, protecting genes from degradation and promoting intracellular accumulation for tumor suppression. In addition, nanotechnology enables selective targeting of pancreatic cancer cells, reducing side effects on normal cells.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fuad Ameen, Aysenur Aygun, Abdullah Seyrankaya, Rima Nour Elhouda Tiri, Fulya Gulbagca, Idris Kaynak, Najwa Majrashi, Raha Orfali, Elena Niculina Dragoi, Fatih Sen
Summary: Various impurities in water pose a threat to human health. This study focuses on the use of Fe3O4@MnO2 nanocomposite to remove organic contaminants like rhodamine B (RhB) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from water. The nanocomposite exhibits strong photocatalytic activity against pollutants, with a 90% destruction rate of E. coli and a 75% degradation rate of RhB. Additionally, the nanocomposite shows promising catalytic efficiency in hydrogen production.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Lukman Ahamad, Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Harendra Kumar, Aasha Rana, Md. Nurul Hasan, Ishtiaq Ahmed, Shakoor Ahmed, Ricardo A. R. Machado, Fuad Ameen
Summary: This study assessed the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and vermicompost (Vc) supplementation, alone and in combination, in mitigating the negative impacts of Meloidogyne incognita infestation on carrot growth, development, and physiology. The results showed that both AMF and Vc can significantly alleviate the negative effects of nematode infestation on carrot plants.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zilwa Mumtaz, Zubia Rashid, Ashaq Ali, Afsheen Arif, Fuad Ameen, Mona S. AlTami, Muhammad Zubair Yousaf
Summary: Conventional diagnostic techniques require separate platforms for sample collection, sensing, and signaling, which can be integrated into point of care (POC) testing devices. Microfluidic systems made of polymers or glass offer specific and sensitive detection of diseases and have advantages such as low cost, good biological affinity, strong capillary action, and simple fabrication process. Challenges in nucleic acid detection, such as cellular lysis, isolation, and amplification, have been addressed by advances in on-chip sample preparation and detection through modular microfluidics. This review highlights the importance of microfluidic technology in nucleic acid detection of infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Article
Microbiology
Uzma Shabir, Jehangir Shafi Dar, Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Ruqeya Nazir, Fuad Ameen
Summary: Fungal infections in aquaculture are a major threat, resulting in significant economic losses and ecological disruptions. This study analyzed 150 carp samples to identify fungal pathogens responsible for infections and assessed fungal diversity and prevalence in infected fish.
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Manogaran Lakshmikandan, A. G. Murugesan, Fuad Ameen, Cherdsak Maneeruttanarungroj, Shuang Wang
Summary: The co-cultivation of green algae Asterococcus limneticus WL2 and phytohormone producing Streptomyces rosealbus MTTC 12951 was conducted to study the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and its precursors. The co-cultivation exhibited increased hormonal activity due to symbiotic interaction between Streptomyces and microalgae. Compared to monocultivation, co-cultivation resulted in 52% and 83% higher production of tryptophan and IAA in the extracellular space, respectively. The co-cultivation strategy also led to increased biomass and lipid productivity of microalgae.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Turki Dawoud, Fuad Ameen
Summary: This study experimentally confirmed the potential of Pimpinella anisum extracts in eradicating oral pathogens and identified their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The findings are important for further exploration of the biological activity of P. anisum and the development of novel drugs for treating oral diseases.
BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Fuad Ameen, Najwa Majrashi
Summary: This review assesses the recent advancements in utilizing cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) as an antimicrobial agent. It explores the synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and applications of CoFe2O4 NPs in antimicrobial contexts, as well as the underlying mechanisms, challenges, and future prospects. The key findings highlight the significant potential of CoFe2O4 NPs as an efficient and promising antimicrobial agent, but further research is needed to address concerns regarding toxicity and biocompatibility. This review contributes to the understanding and potential utilization of CoFe2O4 NPs as a viable approach to combat microbial infections.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shaymaa Arif Shukur, Fikrat M. Hassan, Saad Sabah Fakhry, Fuad Ameen, Steven L. Stephenson
Summary: This study investigated the presence and characteristics of microplastics (MPs) in the Tigris River. The study found that the concentration of MPs was high in both the water and sediment, with fibers and fragments being the main morphology. The MPs were mainly composed of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), and the colors were mostly transparent and white. Ecological risk assessment indicated a moderate to high risk level. These findings highlight the need for action to mitigate microplastic pollution in the Tigris River.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Faiza Ahmad, Khajista Jabeen, Sumera Iqbal, Aisha Umar, Fuad Ameen, Marek Gancarz, Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish
Summary: This study aimed to mitigate the harmful effects of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn-induced root rot disease on the growth of Avena sativa L. by using silicon nanoparticles. The results showed that the application of silicon nanoparticles reduced the physiological and biochemical parameters affected by the fungal stress, and improved the plant resistance against fungal diseases. These nanoparticles have the potential to be used as silicon fertilizers, but further research is required to evaluate their efficacy under field conditions and improve their synthesis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan, Pavana K. Sivadasan Unni, Sengodan Karthi, Raja Ganesan, Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan, Muthiah Chellappandian, Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan, Rajakrishnan Rajagopal, Krutmuang Patcharin
Summary: This study investigates the phyto-chemical screening and toxicity of chloroform crude extracts from Ageratum conyzoides on the pest Spodoptera litura and beneficial earthworm. The results show that the extract is toxic to the pest and has adverse effects on larval-pupal growth and development. However, it is less toxic to non-target earthworms.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Govindan Rajivgandhi, Chenthis Kanisha Chelliah, Manavalan Murugan, Govindan Ramachandran, Gnanasekaran Chackaravarthi, Muthuchamy Maruthupandy, Franck Quero, Arulraj Arunachalam, Mangalaraja Ramalinga Viswanathan, Jamal M. Khaled, Fetim S. AlHarbi, Wen-Jun Li
Summary: This study focuses on the screening and analysis of phytochemical and bioactive compounds from the marine mangrove plant Avicennia marina. The results confirm the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and bactericidal activities of the plant extract. The findings suggest that A. marina has the potential to be a future drug discovery plant against multidrug resistant pathogens.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohd Javed Akhtar, Maqusood Ahamed, Hisham Alhadlaq
Summary: This study compares the effects of two types of cobalt-based nanoparticles on lung cells and finds that cobalt nanoparticles are more toxic to cells than cobalt-iron oxide nanoparticles, possibly due to the higher release of Co2+ ions by cobalt nanoparticles. Additionally, the study suggests that CalceinAM alone is insufficient to assess the toxicity of cobalt-based nanoparticles, and other methods should be used for further confirmation.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah, Mohammed Asif Ahmed, Khizar Hayat, Fohad Mabood Husain, Shaista Arzoo, Abdulhakeem Alzahrani, Asdaf Alotaibi, Heba Khalil Alyahya, Syed Rizwan Ahmad
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different drying methods on the polyphenol and flavonoid content, as well as the antioxidant properties of rose petals. The results showed that oven-dried samples had the highest levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as the strongest antioxidant activity.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. Bharathi, S. Nandhini
Summary: This paper considers a single-server queue model with Modified Bernoulli Vacation. The server offers Compulsory Service and Non-Compulsory Re-service. The Probability Generating Function for the system is derived using the Supplementary Variable Method, and numerical examples are discussed to demonstrate the impact of system parameters.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raju Suresh Kumar, Dhaifallah M. Al-thamili, Khloud Ibrahim Al-Shemaimari, Faruq Mohammad, Mohamad Altaf, Rashid Ayub
Summary: Eight new functionalized spirooxindole-pyrrolizidine heterocyclic hybrids have been synthesized and characterized. The compound with no substitution on the aryl rings displayed the highest anticancer activity. The most active compounds were further tested for toxicity effects and their impact on cell viability was investigated by assaying free radicals, apoptosis, and caspases.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alaa Ali Hameed
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the integration of hyperspectral sensors and artificial intelligence. It proposes a hybrid strategy that combines BPVAM with PCA for the classification of hyperspectral images and demonstrates that this model is efficient for hyperspectral sensor classification.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Khattak, Nor Azwani Mohd-Shukri, Tahir Mahmood, Mukhtar Ahmed, Syed Najmul Hejaz Azmi, Mahboob Alam, Murni Nazira Sarian, Qamar Uddin Ahmed
Summary: This research aimed to evaluate the effect of mixed herbs on blood HbA1c and liver function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The results showed that the consumption of mixed herbs improved HbA1c levels without significant changes in blood urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natarajan Arumugam, Khloud Ibrahim Al-Shemaimari, Mohammad Altaf, Karuppiah Ponmurugan, Dhanaraj Premnath, Sinouvassane Djearamane, Ling Shing Wong, Saminathan Kayarohanam
Summary: This study synthesized a new class of spiro compounds as potential antibiotics and evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy. Compound 4a showed significant activity against tested pathogens. This research is important for the development of effective antimicrobial therapies.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zsolt Giczi, Beatrix Sik, Viktoria Kapcsandi, Erika Lakatos, Angela Mrazik, Rita Szekelyhidi
Summary: This study examined the composition of micro- and macroelements, total antioxidant, and polyphenols in different types of dried houseleek and fresh plant decoctions. The results showed that the type of houseleek greatly influenced the composition. Mn was present in high amounts among microelements, while Ca and Na were present in larger quantities among macroelements. The drying methods had some influence on the antioxidant and polyphenol content.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eunjeong Jeon, Sangbuem Cho, Seongsoo Hwang, Kwanghyun Cho, Cedric Gondro, Nag-Jin Choi
Summary: A body weight prediction model was developed using milk production traits, providing a useful indicator for energy balance evaluation in dairy cows. The deep neural network (DNN) model showed the best predictive accuracy for body weight compared to other models. It was found that the transition from negative to positive energy balance varied among cows. Energy balance indexes were proposed to estimate and monitor individual cows' energy balance during lactation.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sohail Rehman, Souhail Bouzgarrou, Mehdi Akermi, Hashim
Summary: This study investigates the steady flow of viscoelastic fluid in a deformable channel. The mathematical structure for computing the impacts of fluid viscoelasticity on the flow is provided, and the dimensionless variables influencing the interaction between the fluid and structure are identified. The results show that the converging and diverging sections of the channel are affected similarly by the inertial forces and channel opening. Longer strain delaying time and shorter stress relaxation phase improve the velocity profile of the fluid flow.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muhammad Umar Ijaz, Syeda Sania Zahara, Moazama Batool, Mikhlid H. Almutairi, Ayesha Ishtiaq, Asma Ashraf
Summary: This experiment evaluated the therapeutic effects of Kaempferide (KMF) on Paraquat (PQ) induced cardiac toxicity in rats. The findings showed that KMF alleviated the cardiac damage caused by PQ through reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan, Otiger Fredrick Egworrow, Agbo Joseph Ode
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2024)