Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Danni Zhang, Huiying Wang, Ana Liu, Shan Wang, Cuifang Xu, Ke Lan, Wenqing Xiang, Kun Zhu, Yingping Xiao, Junfen Fu, Runqiu Jiang, Wenlian Chen, Yan Ni
Summary: Excessive fructose intake is associated with the rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study found that fructose intake leads to gut dysbiosis and bile acid alterations, thereby promoting HF-induced NAFLD.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jing-Hua Wang, Seung-Ju Hwang, Dong-Woo Lim, Chang-Gue Son
Summary: The ethanol extract of Cynanchum atratum (CAE) was found to have anti-fatty liver effects. A six-week treatment of CAE in mice on a high-fat, high-fructose diet significantly reduced body weight, liver weight, and mesenteric fat. CAE also improved blood parameters and liver damage, and normalized gene and protein expression related to liver lipid metabolism. Additionally, CAE decreased hepatic inflammation and fecal endotoxin levels, suggesting its potential for treating chronic metabolic diseases.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yao Tong, Huiru Gao, Qiuchen Qi, Xiaoyan Liu, Juan Li, Jie Gao, Peilong Li, Yunshan Wang, Lutao Du, Chuanxin Wang
Summary: Gastrointestinal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, with a high fat diet and gut microbiome imbalance potentially driving its occurrence and progression through inflammation and changes in the immune environment.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Heather C. Spooner, Stefani A. Derrick, Magdalena Maj, Rodrigo Manjarin, Gabriella V. Hernandez, Deepali S. Tailor, Parisa S. Bastani, Rob K. Fanter, Marta L. Fiorotto, Douglas G. Burrin, Michael R. La Frano, Angelos K. Sikalidis, Jason M. Blank
Summary: The study found that high-fructose, high-fat diets may lead to an increase in total triacylglycerol content in muscle tissue, but a decrease in intramyocellular lipid content and the number of type I (slow oxidative) muscle fibers. Additionally, high-fructose, high-fat diets also induced autophagy and inflammation responses.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ruiqian Duan, Kai Huang, Xiao Guan, Sen Li, Jian Xia, Meng Shen, Zhu Sun, Zhiquan Yu
Summary: The study found that Tectorigenin (Tg) can alleviate NAFLD by mediating the liver-gut axis, mainly manifested in improving lipid metabolism abnormalities, restoring intestinal barrier, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines release, and affecting intestinal microbiota.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gil Zandani, Sarit Anavi-Cohen, Nina Tsybina-Shimshilashvili, Noa Sela, Abraham Nyska, Zecharia Madar
Summary: This study found that adding broccoli to a high-fat diet can significantly reduce serum insulin levels, improve the insulin resistance index, and upregulate adiponectin receptor expression. However, broccoli stalks and florets did not have a significant effect on fat accumulation, carbohydrate, or lipid metabolism-related parameters. Additionally, changes in the diversity and microbial structure of specific bacteria strains were observed in the broccoli-supplemented high-fat diet-fed mice.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sarah Kim, Sora Choi, Moumita Dutta, Jeffrey O. Asubonteng, Marianne Polunas, Michael Goedken, Frank J. Gonzalez, Julia Yue Cui, Maxwell A. Gyamfi
Summary: The study found that the presence of PXR exacerbates hepatic steatosis and inflammation, especially in males, with a gut microbiome signature prone to obesity and inflammation. This suggests that the gut microbiome may contribute to the exacerbation of NAFLD by PXR.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rownock Afruza, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar, Vijay Hegde
Summary: This study investigated the effects of E4orf1 expression induced by doxycycline in adipose tissue and dietary fat restriction on hepatic steatosis and its progression in mice. The results showed that E4 expression prevented the development of fatty liver, while diet reversal maintained liver health but did not improve molecular changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kylynda C. Bauer, Paula T. Littlejohn, Victoria Ayala, Anna Creus-Cuadros, B. Brett Finlay
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common chronic condition associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, but it is also influenced by undernutrition and dysbiotic gut microbiome. The relationship between undernutrition and NAFLD is not well studied. This review discusses the features of fatty liver in undernutrition conditions and the gut microbiota-liver axis, highlighting key pathways in NAFLD progression under both overnutrition and undernutrition. The challenges and collaborative possibilities in emerging multiomic research for the pathology and treatment of undernourished NAFLD are also identified.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carla Gimenez-Garzo, Alessandra Fiorillo, Maria-Pilar Ballester-Ferre, Juan-Jose Gallego, Franc Casanova-Ferrer, Amparo Urios, Salvador Benlloch, David Marti-Aguado, Teresa San-Miguel, Joan Tosca, Maria-Pilar Rios, Cristina Monton, Lucia Durban, Desamparados Escudero-Garcia, Luis Aparicio, Vicente Felipo, Carmina Montoliu
Summary: Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may exhibit mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with impairments in attention, mental concentration, psychomotor speed, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. A new, rapid, and sensitive score was developed to detect MCI, showing that 32% of NAFLD patients have MCI. The prevalence of MCI in NAFLD patients is significant, underscoring the importance of psychometric testing for early detection and intervention.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Daixi Jiang, Jianbin Zhang, Shuangzhe Lin, Yuqin Wang, Yuanwen Chen, Jiangao Fan
Summary: The gut-liver axis plays a role in NAFLD, and PREP disruption can modulate gut microbiota composition and reduce inflammation in the liver. Additionally, PREP disruption may have a therapeutic potential in targeting hepatic mechanisms related to liver, gut, and microbiota during NAFLD.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Takashi Nakanishi, Hirokazu Fukui, Xuan Wang, Shin Nishiumi, Haruka Yokota, Yutaka Makizaki, Yoshiki Tanaka, Hiroshi Ohno, Toshihiko Tomita, Tadayuki Oshima, Hiroto Miwa
Summary: High-fat diet-induced dysbiosis in the small intestine leads to pathological changes in the luminal environment, disruption of small-intestinal mucosal integrity, and minimal inflammation in the gut-liver axis, ultimately resulting in the development of steatohepatitis in mice.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberta Forlano, Mathuri Sivakumar, Benjamin H. Mullish, Pinelopi Manousou
Summary: NAFLD is an increasingly common liver disease globally, with no approved pharmaceutical treatment available. Manipulating the intestinal microbiome may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with NAFLD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gil Zandani, Sarit Anavi-Cohen, Noa Sela, Abraham Nyska, Zecharia Madar
Summary: This study found that dietary broccoli improves glucose tolerance, reduces liver inflammation, and alters microbial composition, but has no effect on gut integrity.
FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nuria Roglans, Elena Fauste, Roger Bentanachs, Ana M. Velazquez, Madelin Perez-Armas, Cristina Donis, Maria Panadero, Marta Alegret, Paola Otero, Carlos Bocos, Juan C. Laguna
Summary: In our study, we found that the HFHFr diet reduces the production of liver H2S, mainly by decreasing the expression of CBS and CSE. However, treatment with BemA restores H2S production by increasing the expression of CBS and CSE, suggesting the involvement of the FXR transcriptional activity and the mTORC1/S6K1/PGC1 alpha pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mary E. Rinella, Jean-Francois Dufour, Quentin M. Anstee, Zachary Goodman, Zobair Younossi, Stephen A. Harrison, Rohit Loomba, Arun J. Sanyal, Martin Bonacci, Aldo Trylesinski, Macky Natha, Reshma Shringarpure, Tanya Granston, Aditya Venugopal, Vlad Ratziu
Summary: Non-invasive tests (NITs) have potential applications in evaluating fibrosis and treatment response in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Treatment with obeticholic acid (OCA) can lead to reduced levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, as well as improvements in Fibrosis-4, FibroTest, FibroMeter, and FibroScan-AST scores.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Vlad Ratziu, Mary E. Rinella, Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri, Eric Lawitz, Douglas Denham, Zeid Kayali, Aasim Sheikh, Kris Kowdley, Taddese Desta, Magdy Elkhashab, Jeffery DeGrauw, Bryan Goodwin, Alaa Ahmad, Nathalie Adda
Summary: EDP-305 reduces ALT levels and liver fat content in patients with NASH, supporting the need for a longer-term trial to evaluate histological endpoints.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olivier Deckmyn, Thierry Poynard, Pierre Bedossa, Valerie Paradis, Valentina Peta, Raluca Pais, Vlad Ratziu, Dominique Thabut, Angelique Brzustowski, Jean-Francois Gautier, Patrice Cacoub, Dominique Valla
Summary: In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may exacerbate the associations between alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M), apolipoprotein Al (ApoA1), haptoglobin, liver fibrosis, inflammation, and COVID-19.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marijana Basic, Dominique Dardevet, Peter Michael Abuja, Silvia Bolsega, Stephanie Bornes, Robert Caesar, Francesco Maria Calabrese, Massimo Collino, Maria De Angelis, Philippe Gerard, Miguel Gueimonde, Francois Leulier, Eva Untersmayr, Evelien Van Rymenant, Paul De Vos, Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
Summary: Our understanding of the roles of gut microorganisms in host metabolism and immunity has greatly improved in the past 20 years. Microbiome studies are now focusing on demonstrating causality and identifying molecular mechanisms behind these interactions. Animal models are commonly used to evaluate the causal role of microbiota due to challenges in conducting mechanistic studies in humans. This review provides an overview of approaches that can be used to study host-microbe interactions and the impact of gut morphology, physiology, and diet on microbiota composition in major animal model organisms.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Charline Buisson, Valentin Leuzy, Emmanuelle Loizon, Emmanuelle Meugnier, Magali Monnoye, Catherine Philippe, Philippe Gerard, Marie-Caroline Michalski, Fabienne Laugerette
Summary: This study investigates the effects of rapeseed oil enriched with soy lecithin (SPL) on white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, ileum permeability, and microbiota composition in mice. The results show that rapeseed oil with SPL leads to increased gene expression of leptin and inflammation in WAT, and decreased expression of TLR4, IAP, and tight junction proteins in the ileum. However, it also increases the expression of antimicrobial activity proteins and promotes the growth of certain bacterial species.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Quentin M. Anstee, Kathryn J. Lucas, Sven Francque, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Arun J. Sanyal, Vlad Ratziu, Adrian C. Gadano, Mary Rinella, Michael Charlton, Rohit Loomba, Edward Mena, Joern M. Schattenberg, Mazen Noureddin, Donald Lazas, George B. B. Goh, Shiv K. Sarin, Yusuf Yilmaz, Miljen Martic, Rowan Stringer, Jossy Kochuparampil, Li Chen, Gerardo Rodriguez-Araujo, Elaine Chng, Nikolai V. Naoumov, Clifford Brass, Marcos C. Pedrosa
Summary: This study assessed the safety and efficacy of the combined treatment of tropifexor and cenicriviroc for NASH, compared to monotherapy. The combination treatment did not show substantial incremental efficacy compared to monotherapy.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Maxime Mallet, Cristina Alina Silaghi, Philippe Sultanik, Filomena Conti, Marika Rudler, Vlad Ratziu, Dominique Thabut, Raluca Pais
Summary: Managing patients with NAFLD-related cirrhosis is challenging due to its connection with liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. This review critically discusses different aspects of management, including weight loss strategies, metabolic comorbidity control, challenges in performing bariatric surgery, difficulties in diagnosing and managing portal hypertension, and obstacles in drug development and clinical trials. Emerging options to overcome these challenges are also discussed.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Vlad Ratziu, Nancy Reau
Article
Microbiology
Kawtar Keddar, Hasnia Ziar, Noussaiba Belmadani, Magali Monnoye, Philippe Gerard, Ali Riazi
Summary: This study investigated the potential use of probiotic bacteria from human milk to alleviate oral cow's milk sensitization. The probiotic potential of the SL42 strain, isolated from a young healthy mother's milk, was determined. Rats were gavaged with cow's milk casein and treated with Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, SL42, or a control solution. The results showed that SL42 reduced allergic responses, decreased histamine levels, CAS-specific IgE levels, eosinophil numbers, S100A8/9, and cytokine concentrations. Additionally, probiotic treatment increased Lactic acid bacteria and Clostridia species. These findings suggest the potential of probiotics from human milk to alleviate cow's milk casein allergy.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Olivier Govaere, Megan Hasoon, Leigh Alexander, Simon Cockell, Dina Tiniakos, Mattias Ekstedt, Joern M. Schattenberg, Jerome Boursier, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Vlad K. Ratziu, Ann K. M. Daly, Quentin M. Anstee, LITMUS Investigators
Summary: Govaere et al. integrated circulating protein data with transcriptomics to develop a non-invasive diagnostic tool for identifying at-risk patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on body mass index, type 2 diabetes and four circulating proteins.
Article
Microbiology
Nacima Kouadri Boudjelthia, Meryem Belabbas, Nahla Bekenniche, Magali Monnoye, Philippe Gerard, Ali Riazi
Summary: This study aimed to screen new LAB from Algerian cow's milk and evaluate their probiotic properties. The LAB isolates were identified using molecular identification and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry methods. In vitro tests showed high survival rate to gastrointestinal conditions and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in the isolates. The results suggest that some strains from raw milk of local Algerian cows have promising probiotic properties for food preservation and storage by inhibiting microbial spoilage and oxidation.
Article
Microbiology
Ahlem Mahjoub Khachroub, Magali Monnoye, Nour Elhouda Bouhlel, Sana Azaiez, Maha Ben Fredj, Wejdene Mansour, Philippe Gerard
Summary: In this study, the gut microbiota of healthy Tunisian adults was characterized for the first time using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and further compared based on gender and BMI. The results showed that the gut microbiota of Tunisian people is mainly composed of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, in line with studies from western countries. However, some differences were found in terms of gender and overweight status. These findings provide an important baseline for identifying dysbiosis associated with major diseases in the Tunisian population.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Sebastian Dan Burz, Senka Causevic, Alma Dal Co, Marija Dmitrijeva, Philipp Engel, Daniel Garrido-Sanz, Gilbert Greub, Siegfried Hapfelmeier, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt, Vassily Hatzimanikatis, Clara Margot Heiman, Mathias Klaus-Maria Herzog, Alyson Hockenberry, Christoph Keel, Andreas Keppler, Soon-Jae Lee, Julien Luneau, Lukas Malfertheiner, Sara Mitri, Bidong Ngyuen, Omid Oftadeh, Alan R. Pacheco, Francois Peaudecerf, Gregory Resch, Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh, Asli Sahin, Ian R. Sanders, Emma Slack, Shinichi Sunagawa, Janko Tackmann, Robin Tecon, Giovanni Stefano Ugolini, Jordan Vacheron, Jan Roelof van der Meer, Evangelia Vayena, Pascale Vonaesch, Julia A. Vorholt
Summary: Communities of microorganisms are present in all habitats on Earth and play important roles in agriculture, health, and climate. However, the complexity of microbiomes poses challenges in understanding their mechanisms. The N+1/N-1 concept is a systematic approach that aims to dissect microbiome assembly and functioning, and intervene with specific microbial strains, to unravel the structure and function of microbiomes.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aidan J. McGlinchey, Olivier Govaere, Dawei Geng, Vlad Ratziu, Michael Allison, Jerome Bousier, Salvatore Petta, Claudia de Oliviera, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Jorn M. Schattenberg, Ann K. Daly, Tuulia Hyotylainen, Quentin M. Anstee, Matej Oresic
Summary: This study provides important insights into the metabolic changes during the progression of NAFLD by analyzing circulating metabolites, revealing metabolic signatures across the NAFLD spectrum and features specific to NAFL, NASH, and fibrosis. The transition from F2 to F3 fibrosis marks a critical metabolic transition point in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, highlighting the pathophysiological importance of metabolic stress and oxidative stress.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Katherine Johnson, Peter J. Leary, Olivier Govaere, Matthew J. Barter, Sarah H. Charlton, Simon J. Cockell, Dina Tiniakos, Michalina Zatorska, Pierre Bedossa, M. Julia Brosnan, Jeremy F. Cobbold, Mattias Ekstedt, Guruprasad P. Aithal, Karine Clement, Joern M. Schattenberg, Jerome Boursier, Vlad Ratziu, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Quentin M. Anstee, Ann K. Daly
Summary: The study found that serum miR-193a-5p levels are strongly correlated with NAFLD activity grade and fibrosis stage. MiR-193a-5p may play a role in the hepatic response to oxidative stress and is a potential circulating biomarker for progressive NAFLD.