Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611269
Keywords
glia; nervous system development; neural specification; circuit wiring; circuit function; neurodevelopmental disorders; neurodegenerative disorders
Categories
Funding
- Wellcome Trust
- Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Research Fellowship [210472/Z/18/A]
- NIH/NINDS [F32NS098690]
- Wellcome Trust [210472/Z/18/A] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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Glial cells are an essential component of the nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. In the human brain, glia are as numerous as neurons, yet the importance of glia to nearly every aspect of nervous system development has only been expounded over the last several decades. Glia are now known to regulate neural specification, synaptogenesis, synapse function, and even broad circuit function. Given their ubiquity, it is not surprising that the contribution of glia to neuronal disease pathogenesis is a growing area of research. In this review, we will summarize the accumulated evidence of glial participation in several distinct phases of nervous system development and organization-neural specification, circuit wiring, and circuit function. Finally, we will highlight how these early developmental roles of glia contribute to nervous system dysfunction in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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