Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zoia R. Korobova, Natalia A. Arsentieva, Natalia E. Liubimova, Vladimir G. Dedkov, Anna S. Gladkikh, Alena A. Sharova, Ekaterina I. Chernykh, Victor A. Kashchenko, Vyacheslav A. Ratnikov, Victor P. Gorelov, Oksana V. Stanevich, Alexandr N. Kulikov, Dmitriy E. Pevtsov, Areg A. Totolian
Summary: This study aimed to measure and assess the concentrations of chemokines involved in COVID-19 caused by different variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results showed that the concentrations of chemokines varied depending on the viral variant, indicating that mutations in viral proteins may play a role in the mechanisms of immune responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel M. Altmann, Rosemary J. Boyton
Summary: A diverse range of first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been successful in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, although inequitable distribution remains an issue. Future challenges include optimizing immunological boosting strategies and building an immune repertoire that can protect against upcoming viral variants.
Review
Virology
Marcos Jesse Abrahao Silva, Layana Rufino Ribeiro, Maria Isabel Montoril Gouveia, Beatriz dos Reis Marcelino, Carolynne Silva dos Santos, Karla Valeria Batista Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima
Summary: This research aimed to review the immunopathological elements that contribute to the progression of COVID-19. A systematic review was conducted using various databases and search terms. The study identified several key factors, such as SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, cellular proteases, leukocytes, cytokines, and proteolytic cascades, that play a role in the hyperinflammatory response and subsequent complications. It is important to control the dysregulation of the immune response and systemic inflammation for patients' recovery.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
C. Sabrina Tan, Ai-ris Y. Collier, Jingyou Yu, Jinyan Liu, Abishek Chandrashekar, Katherine McMahan, Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Xuan He, Vicky Roy, Blake M. Hauser, Jennifer E. Munt, Michael L. Mallory, Melissa Mattocks, John M. Powers, Rita M. Meganck, Marjorie Rowe, Rachel Hemond, Esther A. Bondzie, Kate H. Jaegle, Ralph S. Baric, Aaron G. Schmidt, Galit Alter, Mathieu Le Gars, Jerald Sadoff, Dan H. Barouch
Summary: By using heterologous Ad26.COV2.S vaccine as a booster for individuals previously vaccinated with BNT162b2, durable humoral and cellular immune responses can be achieved. This suggests potential benefits of heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens for SARS-CoV-2.
Review
Cell Biology
Ioannis P. Trougakos, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Evangelos Terpos, Ourania E. Tsitsilonis, Evmorfia Aivalioti, Dimitrios Paraskevis, Efstathios Kastritis, George N. Pavlakis, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Summary: The article discusses the two-phase nature of COVID-19, highlighting the characteristics of increased virus transmission and uncontrolled inflammatory immune responses which can lead to severe complications. The focus is on approaches to suppress viral infection rates, activate adaptive immune responses, and mitigate tissue damage and cytokine storms associated with COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sachie Nakagama, Yu Nakagama, Yuko Komase, Masaharu Kudo, Takumi Imai, Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba, Yuko Nitahara, Natsuko Kaku, Yasutoshi Kido
Summary: More people with a history of prior infection are receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Understanding the level of protection granted by 'hybrid immunity', the combined response of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity, may impact vaccination strategies through tailored dosing. Analysis of participants with prior infection showed higher antibody titers and enhanced immune response, especially among older individuals. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of booster vaccinations following prior infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Taehwan Oh, Green Kim, Seung Ho Baek, Youngmin Woo, Bon-Sang Koo, Eun-Ha Hwang, Kyuyoung Shim, You Jung An, Yujin Kim, Jinyoung Won, Youngjeon Lee, Kyung Seob Lim, Jae-Hak Park, Jung Joo Hong
Summary: We utilized a spatial transcriptome atlas to identify specific gene expression profiles of acute lung injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The alveolar regions showed activation of genes related to virus-induced cell death and the innate immune response, while inflamed vascular regions exhibited upregulation of interferon and complement pathway genes. Known biomarker genes were expressed in specific pulmonary microstructures, highlighting the importance of identifying key drivers of disease progression and clinically applicable biomarkers during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jia Guo, Wen-Hsuan W. Lin, Jason E. Zucker, Renu Nandakumar, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Shuang Wang, Rupak Shivakoti
Summary: In this study, elevated serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IP10 were significantly associated with mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients, with this association observed within each strata of diabetes as well. The findings suggest that interventions targeting these innate immune pathways could potentially benefit patients with diabetes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Renjing Jin, Xiaoqing Cao, Mingjun Lu, Qing Gao, Teng Ma
Summary: This review summarizes the latest progress of MDA5 functions in recognizing cytoplasmic RNA and triggering immune responses, and discusses its role in anti-tumor immunity and antiviral response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert Markewitz, Antje Torge, Klaus-Peter Wandinger, Daniela Pauli, Andre Franke, Luis Bujanda, Jose Maria Marimon, Jesus M. Banales, Maria A. Gutierrez-Stampa, Beatriz Nafria, Ralf Junker
Summary: The presence and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are mainly dependent on the time between symptom onset and serum collection, with some patients not developing antibodies at the time of sample collection. No significant associations were found between the presence and levels of antibodies and age, sex, duration of hospitalization, treatment in the ICU or death.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Gaetano Scaramuzzo, Nucera Francesco, Alessio Asmundo, Roberto Messina, Matilde Mari, Federica Montanaro, Matt D. Johansen, Francesco Monaco, Guido Fadda, Giovanni Tuccari, Nicole G. Hansbro, Philip M. Hansbro, Trevor T. Hansel, Ian M. Adcock, Antonio David, Paul Kirkham, Gaetano Caramori, Carlo Alberto Volta, Savino Spadaro
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause either asymptomatic cases or the severe disease COVID-19, which is characterized by varying levels of severity. Severe COVID-19 and death mainly result from acute (or acute on chronic) respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), often requiring hospital admission and ventilator support. The understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19-related ARDS (c-ARDS) is still limited. This review discusses the genetic susceptibility to COVID-19, the pathogenesis, local and systemic biomarkers associated with c-ARDS, and therapeutic options targeting the cell signaling pathways of c-ARDS.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Keiji Kuba, Tomokazu Yamaguchi, Josef M. Penninger
Summary: Seventeen years after the SARS epidemic, the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to an unprecedented pandemic. ACE2 plays a crucial role in cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 and its high affinity to ACE2 results in increased infectivity and transmissibility. In addition to serving as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 also plays an important role in various aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis and potential post-COVID-19 syndromes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Bariaa A. Khalil, Sarra B. Shakartalla, Swati Goel, Bushra Madkhana, Rabih Halwani, Azzam A. Maghazachi, Habiba AlSafar, Basem Al-Omari, Mohammad T. Al Bataineh
Summary: This review examines the role of cytokines and chemokines in SARS-CoV-2 and its predecessors, highlighting the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators associated with disease severity. It also discusses potential treatment strategies targeting these factors.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rosanna W. Peeling, David L. Heymann, Yik-Ying Teo, Patricia J. Garcia
Summary: Diagnostics play a crucial role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular tests like PCR are recommended for confirming diagnosis in symptomatic individuals, while antigen rapid detection tests have the advantage of being easier to perform with faster results and lower cost. Antibody tests can inform public policy but should not be used as proof of immunity. All three types of tests continue to be important in transitioning from pandemic response to control.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Riadh Badraoui, Mousa M. Alrashedi, Michele Veronique El-May, Fevzi Bardakci
Summary: ARDS is a severe form of respiratory failure that can be induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in COVID-19 cases. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of ARDS, learned from past coronavirus outbreaks and ongoing research on SARS-CoV-2, can provide insight into managing severe cases and improving prognosis.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hayat Aljaibeji, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Abdul Khader Mohammed, Hind Hasswan, Mahammad Al Thahyabat, Noura Alkhayyal, Nabil Sulaiman, Jalal Taneera
Summary: This study investigated the levels and functional roles of Let7b-5p in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its complications. The results indicate that Let7b-5p is significantly elevated in T2DM patients and is involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and key functional genes. It suggests that Let7b-5p could serve as a biomarker for T2DM.
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Noha M. Elemam, Haifa Hannawi, Issa Al Salmi, Kashif Bin Naeem, Fahdah Alokaily, Suad Hannawi
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 patients with diabetes in UAE tended to be older, with a higher percentage of male patients, and exhibited more severe clinical symptoms and outcomes, such as higher white blood cell counts and ferritin levels, as well as more abnormalities in lung imaging. Additionally, a higher percentage of critical cases, ICU admissions, and deaths were reported in the diabetic group.
SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Suad Hannawi, Haifa Hannawi, Kashif Bin Naeem, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Mahmood Y. Hachim, Ibrahim. Y. Hachim, Abdulla Salah Darwish, Issa Al Salmi
Summary: This study in UAE showed that COVID-19 patients were relatively young, with a high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. The virus caused severe symptoms, leading to many patients requiring ICU admission and mechanical ventilation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Noha Mousaad Elemam, Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan, Jennifer E. Hundt, Rabih Halwani, Azzam A. Maghazachi, Qutayba Hamid
Summary: Infectious diseases, particularly bacterial infections, pose a significant global medical challenge, with the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) playing a crucial role in defense against these infections. However, bacteria have evolved methods to evade the host immune system, leading to infection spread and tissue damage.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Noha M. Elemam, Haifa Hannawi, Kashif Bin Naeem, Suad Hannawi
Summary: This study investigated the impact of liver injury on clinical and laboratory assessments in COVID-19 patients, revealing that patients with liver injury are at higher risk for serious outcomes, including higher mortality rates.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Mashael Alabed, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Tarek Kashour, Qutayba Hamid, Rabih Halwani
Summary: With a better understanding of the role of statins in airway remodeling and inflammation, statins present a potential therapeutic option for various asthma phenotypes. Further research is needed to optimize statins for asthma therapy through inhalation as a possible route of administration.
EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noha Mousaad Elemam, Abdullah Imadeddin Malek, Esraa Elaraby Mahmoud, Waseem El-Huneidi, Iman M. Talaat
Summary: The BMP antagonist Gremlin-1 plays a crucial role in tissue differentiation and embryonic development. It can exert its function through both BMP dependent and independent pathways. Gremlin-1 is also involved in organ fibrosis and has recently been implicated in the initiation and progression of various types of cancers. Additionally, it contributes to the stemness state of cancer cells. This review explores the role of Gremlin-1 in breast, cervical, colorectal, and gastric cancers, as well as glioblastomas, and highlights its impact on cellular processes and signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Gremlin-1 is suggested to be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer.
Article
Biology
Noha Mousaad Elemam, Hind Hasswan, Hayat Aljaibeji, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Rabih Halwani, Jalal Taneera, Nabil Sulaiman
Summary: The study investigated the levels of sACE2 and four miRNAs in COVID-19 patients and found that sACE2 levels were upregulated regardless of sex, diabetes status, or obesity. The miRNAs were also upregulated and correlated with each other. MiR-421, miR-3909, and miR-4677-3p were positively associated with sACE2, while miR-212-5p was selectively upregulated in moderate, male, and non-obese patients. MiR-212-5p was correlated with D-dimer, indicating its potential as a marker of coagulopathy, and sACE2 was correlated with coagulation tests, suggesting its role in the inflammatory status of diabetic patients.
Review
Biology
Radwa Mekky, Noha Elemam, Omar Eltahtawy, Yousra Zeinelabdeen, Rana Youness
Summary: This review examines the relationship between fat-soluble vitamins and COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of personalized treatment protocols during the pandemic, especially for cancer and autoimmune patients. Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins increase the risk of COVID-19 infection, and supplementing these vitamins during treatment may enhance immune response and viral clearance. However, further research is needed to determine the appropriate dosage of fat-soluble vitamin supplementation in COVID-19-infected cancer and autoimmune patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noura Alkhayyal, Noha M. Elemam, Amal Hussein, Sulaman Magdub, Majd Jundi, Azzam A. Maghazachi, Iman M. Talaat, Riyad Bendardaf
Summary: This study highlighted a possible link between the immunosuppressive markers PD-L1 and IDO with TILs density in the breast cancer microenvironment.
Review
Virology
Noha Mousaad Elemam, Iman Mamdouh Talaat, Azzam A. Maghazachi
Summary: Chemokines play a crucial role in regulating leukocyte migration and activation, particularly in managing viral infections where their expression profile shapes the immune response and regulates viral clearance. The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis is important in host defense against RNA and DNA viral infections.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Noha Mousaad Elemam, Iman M. Talaat, Azzam A. Maghazachi, Maha Saber-Ayad
Summary: Liver injury is common in SARS-CoV-2 infection, caused by both direct viral infection and cytokine release syndrome. COVID-19 can lead to acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with cirrhosis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, hypoxia, and coagulopathy contribute to liver damage in COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Omar A. El Meligy, Noha M. Elemam, Iman M. Talaat
Summary: Ozone has been used in medicine for over 100 years due to its microbiological qualities, but concerns about its use in dentistry still exist. This study aimed to summarize the current uses of ozone in medicine and dentistry by reviewing scientific papers published between 2012 and 2023. Seventy articles describing the use of ozone therapy in medicine and dentistry were included. While ozone has shown beneficial effects in the medical field, its clinical use in dentistry has not yet been proven highly effective.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Waad Kheder, Amal Bouzid, Thenmozhi Venkatachalam, Iman M. Talaat, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Tom Kalathil Raju, Soumya Sheela, Manju Nidagodu Jayakumar, Azzam A. Maghazachi, Abdul Rani Samsudin, Rifat Hamoudi
Summary: This study analyzed the gene expression in peri-implant gingival tissues of patients with failed, successful, or no implants. The results showed that titanium particles modulate lymphocyte and macrophage polarization in peri-implant tissues, which may contribute to implant failure. The presence of titanium particles and infiltration of immune cells, particularly lymphocytes and macrophages, were confirmed in the failed implant samples. In vitro validation also demonstrated increased expression of IL-1 beta, IL-8, and IL-18 by macrophages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
