Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhanshan Ma, Shangrun Ma, Fuxing Zhu, Kaihua Li, Zhuo Sheng, Zhanjun Li, Yaowu Wang
Summary: Vacuum distillation was used to refine crude magnesium (CM) produced via electrolysis. The content and morphology of impurity elements in CM were studied using various methods. The results showed that the impurity elements, such as Si, Al, Fe, Ni, Ti, and Cr, were significantly reduced in the refined magnesium at a temperature of 1023 K and a time of 120 min, resulting in a purity of 99.99%, meeting the Mg9999 national standard for primary magnesium ingots in China (GB/3499-2011).
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Neng Xiong, Semiramis Friedrich, Seifeldin R. Mohamed, Ivan Kirillov, Xiaozhou Ye, Yang Tian, Bernd Friedrich
Summary: The article introduces a method of purifying commercial raw materials into high-purity magnesium through one-step vacuum distillation, which has the advantages of high recovery efficiency, easy cleaning, and reusability. The experimental results also analyze the behavior of eight impurities and verify the difficulty sequence of their separation from the magnesium base.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dong Wang, Lipeng Wang, Haosong Yu, Yang Tian, Bin Yang, Baoqiang Xu, Dong Liang, Tingzhuang Ma
Summary: This study investigates the possibility of removing impurities from copper melt through theoretical calculations and experiments. The separation coefficient and vapor-liquid equilibrium phase diagram of copper and impurity elements are determined using the molecular interaction volume model (MIVM). The results indicate that impurities can be effectively separated from copper raw materials without generating waste water or waste gas emissions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dong Liang, Yang Tian, Bin Yang, Neng Xiong, Fei Wang, Baoqiang Xu
Summary: This work designed a horizontal fractional condensing vacuum (HFCV) furnace to purify primary magnesium ingot through vacuum distillation based on thermodynamic considerations. Most impurities were left in the residue during volatilization process, while a few impurities volatilized with magnesium could condense at different temperature regions in the condensation process. The experiment successfully collected magnesium with purity higher than 99.999% (5 N) in the high temperature condensation region and magnesium higher than 4 N in the lower temperature region in one step, effectively controlling the content of Fe and Zn.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Hyeong-Jun Jeoung, Tae-Hyuk Lee, Jin-Young Lee, Kyung-Woo Yi, Jungshin Kang
Summary: This study developed a novel Mg production process to obtain high-purity Mg metal from dolomite. Electrolysis of calcined dolomite using a Cu cathode and C anode in MgF2-LiF molten salt at temperatures of 1083-1173 K resulted in a current efficiency of 66.4-88.6%. The produced Mg alloys consisted of MgCu2 and Cu (Mg) or MgCu2 and CuMg2 phases, depending on the Mg concentration in the alloy.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Junfeng Qi, Yun Zhao, Guozheng Zha, Dachun Liu, Wenlong Jiang
Summary: Vacuum distillation is commonly used to prepare high-purity zinc, but requires careful control over equipment accuracy and vacuum system due to the low pressure requirement. Lack of information on volatilization kinetics for Zn makes it difficult to control temperature and time parameters during production. This study measured the mass change and evaporation rate of Zn in real-time under different temperatures and pressures using the vacuum differential-weight method, and obtained mathematical models for omega-T, omega-P, and omega-P-T. The obtained volatilization kinetic parameters can be used for improving Zn vacuum metallurgy.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Weiming Sun, Zhongbao Liu, Yimo Liu, Zepeng Wang
Summary: Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology has the potential to address freshwater scarcity. However, current manufacturing processes are complex and expensive, and the coexistence of evaporation and condensation processes in many systems reduces energy efficiency. We have developed a cost-effective hydrogel material and introduced low-pressure conditions to enhance evaporation and reduce energy consumption.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Hyeong-Jun Jeoung, Tae-Hyuk Lee, Youngjae Kim, Jin-Young Lee, Young Min Kim, Toru H. Okabe, Kyung-Woo Yi, Jungshin Kang
Summary: A green and effective electrolytic process using various MgO resources and a Cu cathode was developed to produce high-purity Mg metal. Different MgO resources, including magnesite, seawater clinker, refractory brick, and ferronickel slag, were electrolyzed, yielding Mg alloys with current efficiencies ranging from 59.3% to 92.4%. The obtained Mg alloys were then subjected to vacuum distillation, resulting in high-purity Mg metal with a purity above 99.994%.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Dong-Hee Lee, Hyeong-Jun Jeoung, Tae-Hyuk Lee, Kyung-Woo Yi, Jin-Young Lee, Young Min Kim, Toru H. Okabe, Jungshin Kang
Summary: This study investigated the scale-up of a novel electrolytic process and vacuum distillation to produce high-purity Mg metal directly from MgO. The influence of different cathode metals and Mg alloy concentrations on current efficiency, as well as the interaction of Al2O3 with the electrolyte and cathode, were studied. High current efficiencies were achieved in producing Mg alloys such as Mg2Cu and MgAg, with subsequent vacuum distillation resulting in obtaining 99.9997% Mg metal.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dong Liang, Lipeng Wang, Yang Tian, Bin Yang, Baoqiang Xu, Wei Zhao, Tingzhuang Ma
Summary: This paper investigates the impurities in Mg ingot and their purification process. By analyzing the source and existence form of the impurities and calculating the optimal removal temperature, a vacuum gasification-directional condensation technology and a vacuum tubular furnace are proposed to effectively remove most impurities and obtain high purity Mg.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhentao Zhou, Zhaowang Dong, Huaxiao Xie, Wenlong Jiang, Yizhao Wang, Baoqiang Xu, Heng Xiong, Bin Yang
Summary: A new method for preparing high purity antimony trisulfide directly from antimony ore through a two-step vacuum distillation process at low temperature was proposed. This method can effectively remove impurities and obtain high purity product.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sumeng Liu, Gregory S. Girolami
Summary: The apparatus described enables vacuum distillation of 0.2 mL of air and water-sensitive, high boiling liquids, making it useful for teaching laboratories and practicing chemists.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhentao Zhou, Huaxiao Xie, Yizhao Wang, Heng Xiong, Shuangping Wang, Ling Li, Baoqiang Xu, Bin Yang
Summary: This paper proposes a technical method of preparing antimony sulfide from heterogeneous antimony sulfide ores using vacuum distillation. The effects of temperature and time on antimony sulfide enrichment were investigated. The experimental results showed that the critical volatilization temperature of antimony sulfide was 923 K, and the volatilization rate was 8.28 x 10(-4) g center dot cm(-2)center dot s(-1). The optimum enrichment conditions were determined to be 923 K and 60 min, with a volatilization ratio of 95 % and purity of 99.9 wt%.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Tae-Hyuk Lee, Toru H. Okabe, Jin-Young Lee, Young Min Kim, Jungshin Kang
Summary: A novel magnesium production process utilizing electrolysis of magnesium oxide with liquid tin cathode and carbon anode in a molten salt was developed, resulting in high-purity magnesium metal obtained at 99.999% purity through vacuum distillation from a magnesium-tin alloy. The method shows promise as an efficient way to produce high-purity magnesium metal from magnesium oxide.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Min Qu, Shaowei You, Li Wang
Summary: A seeded vacuum membrane distillation crystallization (VMDC) process was proposed for treating magnesium sulfate solution. The permeate flux and crystal nucleation and growth kinetics were investigated, showing that the crystal growth rate in VMDC was slightly lower and the secondary nucleation rate was reduced compared to evaporation crystallization.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lei Shi, Huan Zhang, Tao Qu, Yong Deng, Dachun Liu, Baoqiang Xu, Bin Yang, Yongnian Dai
MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fei Lyu, Hao Du, Lei Shi, Yuan Tian, Xiao-Pan Zhang, Tao Qu, Bin Yang, Yong-Nian Dai
Summary: The report proposes a new clean process for extracting Li, which can effectively utilize resources and reduce environmental pollution. Experimental results show that under certain conditions, this process has the potential to significantly improve the reduction rate of Li in spodumene ores.
MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiao-Pan Zhang, Lei Shi, Hao Du, Yuan Tian, Fei Lv, Ming-Liang Yang, Tao Qu
Summary: Density functional theory was used to study AlnMgn (n = 2-12) clusters on a microscopic scale, with the symmetry of clusters decreasing and stability varying as cluster size increased. The method's reliability was verified by comparing properties of Mg-2 and Al-2 dimers with experimental data.
MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xuebin Peng, Lei Shi, Tao Qu, Zheng Yang, Lin Lin, Gang Xie, Baoqiang Xu
Summary: During the comprehensive recovery and utilization of discarded lithium-ion batteries through acid leaching, a significant amount of NiS and CoS mixed materials are generated. The kinetics and rate-determining step of oxygen-rich pressurized acid leaching of Ni and Co were studied to enhance the metal recovery rate. It was found that under specific conditions, including sulfuric acid concentration of 95 g/L, liquid-to-solid ratio of 6:1, leaching time of 120 min, temperature of 110 degrees C, stirring speed of 400 r/min, 90% oxygen-rich atmosphere, and pressure of 1.2 MPa, the leaching rates of Ni and Co were above 99%. The leaching of Ni and Co followed the shrinking unreacted core model, and the leaching rates were described by the kinetic equation 1 - (1 - x)(1/3) = k center dot t. The apparent activation energies for Ni and Co leaching reactions were 50.87 and 45.6 kJ/mol, respectively, with the leaching process being controlled by the chemical reaction at the interface.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xuebin Peng, Lei Shi, Zhen Yang, Lin Lin, Tao Qu
Summary: This paper studies the key factors and mechanisms of extracting iron and manganese from the sulfuric acid leaching solution of waste ternary lithium-ion batteries by combining P204 and N235 extractors. The experimental results show that the optimal organic phase composition is 25% P204 + 15% N235 + 60% sulfonated kerosene, and the optimal pH of the pre-extraction solution is in the range of 3.0-3.5. Under the specified conditions, the removal rate of Mn and Fe exceeds 99%. The extraction effect of the P204-N235 composite extractant on Mn and Fe is better than that of P204 alone.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Hao Du, Lei Shi, Fei Lyu, Xiao-pan Zhang, Ming-liang Yang, Ke Yan, Tao Qu
Summary: The carbothermal reduction process of spodumene ore effectively separates Al and Si components from spodumene ore while also extracting lithium (Li). The high value-added sputum heat reduction process of spodumene ore was proposed. Fe2O3 was used as an auxiliary agent. Si is combined with Fe to form Si-Fe alloy and Al is enriched in the slag. The experimental results showed that the addition of Fe2O3 could significantly promote the carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore, when the mass ratio of Fe/Si is not less than 2. Experiments confirmed that the optimal experimental conditions were 1823 K and heated for 8 h. During the reduction process, the reduction rate of Li was higher than 90%, and the direct yield of Si-Fe alloy was higher than 85%. In addition, the content of Li in dust could reach 29.5%, about 16 times that of the spodumene ore.
JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lei Shi, Zou Peng, Ping Ning, Xin Sun, Kai Li, Huan Zhang, Tao Qu
Summary: This study investigates the method of separating metallic lithium from Al-Li alloys through vacuum distillation and condensation in a vacuum environment. The optimal condensation temperature range for lithium is found to be between 523 and 560 K. The study successfully obtains over 99.5% metallic lithium and over 99.97% aluminum from the Al-7.87%wt Li alloy. Therefore, this paper provides an improved method for the preparation of metallic lithium.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhiqiang Zhou, Xiumin Chen, Ye Yuan, Lei Shi, Wenlong Jiang, Bin Yang, Baoqiang Xu, Dachun Liu
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2018)
