Review
Entomology
Nevo Sagi, Dror Hawlena
Summary: The nutrient cycling in deserts is dependent on moisture, but macro-arthropods play a key role in accelerating the recycling rate of plant litter nutrients and explaining how desert plants receive nutrients when the soil is dry. Their burrowing activity alters the microtopography and enhances productivity and species diversity in the otherwise poor desert environment, making them key regulators of nutrient dynamics in drylands.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Amit Kumar, Saurabh Mishra, Rajiv Pandey, Zhi Guo Yu, Munesh Kumar, Kuan Shiong Khoo, Tarun Kumar Thakur, Pau Loke Show
Summary: Microplastics less than 5 mm in size are persistent pollutants that significantly impact terrestrial ecosystems by degrading soil fertility and microbiomes. These microplastics lead to changes in soil characteristics, nutrient cycling, and potential climate risks. Understanding their sources, composition, abundance, life cycle, and transport is a major challenge and important global topic of debate among scientists. This review focuses on bridging the knowledge gap by discussing the potential sources, transport, and disintegration of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems, as well as their effects on soil characteristics and nutrient cycling. The identified scientific gaps can aid environmentalists, microbiologists, hydrologists, and policymakers in understanding microplastic pollution and exploring future engineering solutions.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda M. Koltz, Laura Gough, Jennie R. McLaren
Summary: This article reviews the impact of herbivores on tundra carbon and nutrient dynamics through their consumptive and nonconsumptive effects, and discusses the potential influence of climate change on herbivores and their impact. However, there are still some knowledge gaps in understanding the changing functional roles of herbivores.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Remzi Satiroglu, Sophie Lalande, Sungmo Hong, Mercedes J. Nagel, Edward F. Coyle
Summary: Training at near-maximal anaerobic power during cycling is effective in improving oxygen consumption, maximal anaerobic power, and total blood volume in young healthy individuals, indicating the potential for significant enhancements with minimal exercise time.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nils Radecker, Claudia Pogoreutz, Hagen M. Gegner, Anny Cardenas, Florian Roth, Jeremy Bougoure, Paul Guagliardo, Christian Wild, Mathieu Pernice, Jean-Baptiste Raina, Anders Meibom, Christian R. Voolstra
Summary: The altered nutrient cycling during heat stress is found to be a primary driver of the functional breakdown of coral-algal symbiosis. Energy limitation and altered symbiotic nutrient cycling are key factors in the early heat stress response, directly contributing to the breakdown of the coral-algal symbiosis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Jean-Baptiste Ramond, Karen Jordaan, Beatriz Diez, Sandra M. Heinzelmann, Don A. Cowan
Summary: Arid ecosystems cover a significant portion of the Earth's terrestrial surface and contribute to the global nitrogen pool. These ecosystems are characterized by extreme conditions that limit the presence of macrofauna and flora and hinder plant growth and productivity. Microbes play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycling processes that drive primary production and nutrient biogeochemical cycling in these ecosystems. This survey provides insights into the current understanding of microbial-mediated nitrogen processes in different edaphic and refuge niches in arid environments.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel G. Woodman, Sacha Khoury, Ronald E. Fournier, Erik J. S. Emilson, John M. Gunn, James A. Rusak, Andrew J. Tanentzap
Summary: Defoliating insects disrupt boreal catchments by redistributing carbon and nitrogen from forests to lakes, altering biogeochemical cycles significantly. DOC reductions and DIN increases in lake waters due to insect outbreaks exceed between-year trends, indicating the importance of these outbreaks in driving biogeochemical cycles in forest catchments.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matteo Bisardi, Juan Rodriguez-Rivas, Francesco Zamponi, Martin Weigt
Summary: The study proposes stochastic models of experimental protein evolution based on reconstructed data-driven fitness landscapes, predicting important features of experimentally evolved sequence libraries. It showcases the potential of the approach in determining protein structure from epistasis signals in experimental sequence libraries, offering a quantitative explanation for outcomes of recent experiments and enabling forecasts for future evolution experiments.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biology
Zachariah G. Schonberger, Kevin McCann, Gabriel Gellner
Summary: Modular food web theory emphasizes the importance of consumptive interactions and weak energetic fluxes in stabilizing food webs. However, current understanding of food web theory within an ecosystem context is limited. Research shows that strong nutrient-plant interactions can stabilize nutrient-limited ecosystems, contrasting the idea that weak consumer-resource interactions are stabilizing.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Priscilla Le Mezo, Jerome Guiet, Kim Scherrer, Daniele Bianchi, Eric Galbraith
Summary: This study quantifies the cycling of nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron in the global ocean by commercially targeted marine fish, and assesses the impact of fishing activity on this cycling.
Article
Ecology
Kevin Theis, Pierre Quevreux, Michel Loreau
Summary: Understanding ecosystems requires an integrative approach combining functional ecology and community ecology, with nutrient cycling having a significant impact on ecosystem dynamics and stability. Nutrient cycling has a destabilizing effect on perturbed species, while self-regulation generally stabilizes systems. Nutrient cycling and self-regulation have opposite effects, with nutrient cycling dampening the stabilizing effect of self-regulation.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Shuo Yin, Junjian Wang, Hui Zeng
Summary: Understanding carbon cycling in blue carbon ecosystems is crucial for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. This study conducted bibliometric analysis on carbon cycling in salt marsh, mangrove, and seagrass ecosystems, revealing research hotspots and frontiers. The research interest in this field has greatly increased over time, especially for mangroves, with the USA being a major contributor. The study highlights the need for further research on lateral carbon exchange, carbonate burial, and the impacts of climate change and restoration on blue carbon.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yang Xiang, Paul D. Quay, Rolf E. Sonnerup, Andrea J. Fassbender
Summary: The study finds that in the North Pacific and North Atlantic subtropical gyres, deep phosphate contributes about 60% of the total phosphorus supply. Dissolved organic matter and zooplankton excretion are important pathways for phosphorous export at these sites.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Katarzyna Rawlik, Andrzej M. Jagodzinski
Summary: Garlic mustard is a widespread forest edge plant species in the European temperate zone and is one of the most invasive herbaceous species in North America. This study examines the decomposition process and nutrient release of garlic mustard using the litterbag method. The results show significant differences in the decomposition rate between leaves and stems, with leaves decomposing 3.5 times faster than stems. The decomposition of stems also involves nitrogen and carbon immobilization.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Michael S. Owens, Stephen P. Kelly, Thomas A. Frankovich, David T. Rudnick, James W. Fourqurean, Jeffrey C. Cornwell
Summary: The study estimated the net exchange of nitrogen and phosphorus species in estuarine lakes, revealing high efflux of NH4+ in dark conditions and significantly decreased efflux in light conditions. The presence of Chara hornemannii Wallman was found to have a large impact on NH4+ efflux, and it is expected that increased freshwater flow from the Everglades will influence NH4+ release in lakes.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
