Article
Environmental Sciences
Xu Cao, Wei He, Yuanyuan Shi, Tongyan An, Xiange Wang, Fei Liu, Yi Zhao, Pengpeng Zhou, Cuibai Chen, Jiangtao He
Summary: Dual nitrate stable isotopes combined with end-member mixing models are commonly used in geochemistry and environmental science to identify nitrate sources and accurately control nitrate pollution in waters.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Terry Cox, J. Patrick Laceby, Till Roth, Christine Alewell
Summary: Accelerated soil erosion is a global threat to soil health. Sediment fingerprinting using compound-specific stable isotopes (CSSI) can help monitor and identify areas with high sediment delivery. This study investigates the selection of CSSI tracers and the impact of non-informative tracers on model performance.
JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xue Qiu, Mingjun Zhang, Zhiwen Dong, Shengjie Wang, Xiuxiu Yu, Hongfei Meng, Cunwei Che
Summary: In a mountainous region, the study found that recycled moisture contributed around 37% to local precipitation during the plant growing season, indicating its significance in the water cycle. The commonly used linear mixing models tend to underestimate the contribution of recycled moisture, while the Bayesian model is seen as a significant improvement.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiromi Sato, Shintaro Narita, Masanori Ishida, Yoshiko Takahashi, Huang Mingguo, Soki Kashima, Ryohei Yamamoto, Atsushi Koizumi, Taketoshi Nara, Kazuyuki Numakura, Mitsuru Saito, Toshiaki Yoshioka, Tomonori Habuchi
Summary: A diet rich in lard increases the risk of prostate cancer development and progression. Two mouse models fed with lard-enriched diets showed enhanced prostate cancer progression and weight gain compared to a fish oil diet. The composition of gut microbiota differed significantly between the two diets, with changes in bacterial species such as Clostridiales and Lactobacillales. The proportion of Lactobacillales in the gut was negatively associated with weight gain and prostate cancer progression. The study also identified genes involved in lipid metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis that correlated with the abundance of Lactobacillales in the gut.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nives Bogataj Jontez, Sasa Kenig, Karin Sik Novak, Ana Petelin, Zala Jenko Praznikar, Nina Mohorko
Summary: This study compared the dietary patterns of individuals following LCHF, vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets. The results showed that compared to other groups, the LCHF group had higher intakes of saturated fats, cholesterol, and animal proteins, while the intakes of sugars and dietary fibers were lower. The levels of total and LDL cholesterol were significantly higher in the LCHF group. Thus, it is recommended to select healthy fat sources, increase dietary fiber intake, and partially replace animal sources with plant sources in the LCHF diet.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maelys Granal, Lydia Slimani, Nans Florens, Florence Sens, Caroline Pelletier, Romain Pszczolinski, Catherine Casiez, Emilie Kalbacher, Anne Jolivot, Laurence Dubourg, Sandrine Lemoine, Celine Pasian, Michel Ducher, Jean Pierre Fauvel
Summary: This study aimed to develop a reliable method to estimate dietary potassium intake in CKD patients in order to improve prevention of cardiovascular complications. A clinical tool was developed using 24-hour urinary potassium excretion as a surrogate of dietary potassium intake. The prediction tool showed an accuracy of 74% in classifying potassium diet.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fabiola N. Velazquez, Valentina Viscardi, Julia Montemage, Leiqing Zhang, Carolena Trocchia, Megan M. Delamont, Rasheed Ahmad, Yusuf A. Hannun, Lina M. Obeid, Ashley J. Snider
Summary: Different types of high-fat diets were used to simulate breast cancer, and it was found that fatty acids from different sources may affect breast cancer metastasis.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Melissa Gonzalez-Soto, David M. Mutch
Summary: This review highlights that mRNA expression and activity of desaturase and elongase enzymes are influenced by various dietary components, including macronutrients, micronutrients, and polyphenols. Understanding how these components influence LC-PUFA synthesis will help further our understanding of how dietary patterns impact disease risks, from caloric excesses to micronutrient deficiencies.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Quan Xie, Xi Ning, Xiaoxiao He, Lixia Deng, Zhenger Wu, Bi Huang, Duan Gui, Yuping Wu
Summary: Accurately estimating the diet of marine mammals is crucial for understanding their ecological roles. Traditional methods based on stomach contents or feces analysis have limitations and biases, while quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) is a reliable method for reconstructing long-term diets. This study evaluated the application of QFASA in dolphins and found it to be robust and reliable in reconstructing the diet of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. The study also emphasized the importance of selecting appropriate fatty acid subsets for accurate diet estimation.
REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maja Tomczyk, Jeffery L. Heileson, Miroslaw Babiarz, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Fatty fish and certain species of algae are the only natural sources of EPA and DHA, which have various beneficial effects for athletes. Due to limited intake and fluctuating content, athletes may consider using supplements to ensure sufficient EPA and DHA levels.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Juliane Menzel, Alessa Longree, Klaus Abraham, Matthias B. Schulze, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: The vegan diet has gained popularity in Germany in recent years. A study comparing vegans and omnivores found that vegans have a lower intake of total fat, saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids, but higher intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids. Additionally, vegans have more favorable plasma fatty acid profiles, with lower proportions of saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and omega-3 fatty acids, but higher proportions of omega-6 fatty acids. Overall, a vegan diet is associated with a more favorable dietary fat intake and plasma fatty acid profile, which may reduce cardiovascular risk.
Article
Cell Biology
Ariane Maria Zanesco, Natalia F. Mendes, Daiane F. Engel, Rodrigo S. Gaspar, Davi Sidarta-Oliveira, Jose Donato, Licio A. Velloso
Summary: This study provides the first evidence for the involvement of CREB in the abnormal regulation of the hypothalamic Pomc endopeptidase system in experimental obesity.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Annemarie J. F. Westheim, Lara M. Stoffels, Ludwig J. Dubois, Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen, Ardy van Helvoort, Ramon C. J. Langen, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Jan Theys
Summary: Nutritional status, especially the intake of fatty acids, plays a crucial role in the outcome of immunotherapy. Short-chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids have significant effects on the immune system and immunogenicity of tumor cells, enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, nutritional interventions focusing on these fatty acids have great potential to boost the therapeutic potential of immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Robert Paslawski, Agnieszka Kurosad, Adam Zabek, Urszula Paslawska, Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak, Marcin Michalek, Piotr Mlynarz
Summary: Animal nutrition plays a crucial role in the treatment of many diseases, including heart failure. The study aimed to assess the impact of a diet enriched in unsaturated fatty acids on the metabolic profile of dogs with heart failure. Results showed no significant differences in clinical parameters between the two groups, but metabolomic changes were more pronounced over time, indicating both favorable and adverse effects of the enriched diet.
Article
Zoology
Brandon D. Hoenig, Brian K. Trevelline, Steven C. Latta, Brady A. Porter
Summary: The introduction of laboratory methods in animal dietary studies, such as DNA barcoding and stable isotope analysis, has improved accuracy and precision in obtaining results.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Catharina Vendl, Eve Slavich, Tiffanie Nelson, Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, Kate Montgomery, Belinda Ferrari, Torsten Thomas, Tracey Rogers
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alicia Guerrero, Guido Pavez, Macarena Santos-Carvallo, Tracey L. Rogers, Maritza Sepulveda
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Catharina Vendl, Eve Slavich, Bernd Wemheuer, Tiffanie Nelson, Belinda Ferrari, Torsten Thomas, Tracey Rogers
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Catharina Vendl, Tiffanie Nelson, Belinda Ferrari, Torsten Thomas, Tracey Rogers
Summary: The research investigates the stability of the blow microbiota composition in captive bottlenose dolphins over an eight-month period, including individuals with both medical conditions and those who are healthy. Each dolphin was found to have a unique community of zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) that remained consistent throughout the study, with an average of 73% of the microbiota's relative abundance representing this 'intra-core'. While there was variation over time, dolphins shared between 8 and 66 zOTUs on different sampling occasions, accounting for 17-41% of an individual's airway microbiota. Age and sex of the dolphins were found to have an effect on the blow microbiota, but there was no clear impact from microbial treatment.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Salvatore Cerchio, Andrew Willson, Emmanuelle C. Leroy, Charles Muirhead, Suaad Al Harthi, Robert Baldwin, Danielle Cholewiak, Tim Conine, Gianna Minton, Tahina Rasoloarijao, Tracey L. Rogers, Maia Sarrouf Willson
ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Alicia Guerrero, Tracey L. Rogers, Maritza Sepulveda
Summary: This study investigates the thermal balance of southern elephant seals while they are hauled out ashore, finding that their surface temperature is influenced by air temperature and wind speed. The appearance of thermal windows on their body surface is associated with wind speed, potentially related to hair and skin drying or regrowth. Different body sites play different roles in thermal balance, with air temperature being the main driver of variation in surface temperature. Understanding how animals maintain their thermal balance is crucial for predicting their responses to climate change.
CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Fannie W. Shabangu, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: The study revealed that Ross seals and leopard seals in the Antarctic pack ice are highly vociferous during the austral summer, making them suitable for acoustic survey. Ross seals were found to produce calls mainly in January, while leopard seals were more active in December and January.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emmanuelle C. Leroy, Jean-Yves Royer, Abigail Alling, Ben Maslen, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: Commercial whaling in the twentieth century pushed blue whales to the edge of extinction, with slow recovery rate in the Southern Hemisphere, where they remain endangered. Despite being the largest animals on Earth, studying blue whales in the Southern Hemisphere is challenging, leading to limited knowledge on their population structure, distribution, and migration. The discovery of the DGD-Chagos song suggests the existence of a previously unknown distinct pygmy blue whale population.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gary Truong, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: Multiple blue whale acoustic populations exist in the Southern Hemisphere, with Antarctic blue whales overlapping with pygmy and Chilean blue whales during their migration. Despite this overlap, each subspecies showed distinct seasonal patterns in detections. Further research into the migration patterns of these whales will provide insights into how they continue to remain separate.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Anna C. Lewis, Channing Hughes, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: Animals that rely on scavenging need to exploit patchy resources and face competition. The Tasmanian devil, a scavenging mammalian species, shows dietary specialization even though it has a varied diet as a species. Larger individuals tend to be trophic specialists, and heavier ones show a greater degree of specialization, possibly because mass plays a role in diet choice and trophic specialization is an efficient foraging strategy.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Marie R. G. Attard, Anna Lewis, Stephen Wroe, Channing Hughes, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: Research found that whiskers could record at least nine months of an animal's ecological history and that their growth is not linear, but gradually slows down over time. The study demonstrates that sequentially sampled whiskers have the potential to track monthly and seasonal isotopic changes of an individual animal in the wild.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Adelaide V. Dedden, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: This study investigates the links between whale feeding patterns and climate cycles. The results show that variability in stable isotope values within whale baleen is associated with shifts in climate cycles, suggesting changes in feeding patterns due to resource availability. However, these relationships vary depending on the oceanic region in which the whales feed.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Junlin Lyra Huang, Emmanuelle C. Leroy, Gary Truong, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: This research examines the impact of climate change on the migration behavior of Chagos whales. By analyzing the relationships between whale acoustic presence and environmental factors such as sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, El-Nino Southern Oscillation, and Indian Ocean Dipole, the study reveals that whales are arriving earlier and staying longer in certain areas, with an increase in whale songs during periods of higher chlorophyll-a concentration and positive IOD phases. The findings highlight the importance of long-term acoustic monitoring of marine fauna to understand their response to changing environmental conditions.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna C. Lewis, Channing Hughes, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: The anthropogenic impacts on carnivores can have complex effects, with potential threats and benefits to different species. In this study, we examined the dietary niche of the Tasmanian devil across habitats with varying levels of human disturbance. We found that disturbed habitats led to restricted diets, while undisturbed rainforest habitats had broader diets and evidence of niche partitioning.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gary Truong, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: Oceans are warming rapidly and marine ecosystems are changing, but there is a lack of information on how blue whales respond to these changes, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. Using 16 years of data, researchers studied the migration patterns of eastern Indian Ocean pygmy blue whales off Western Australia and found a positive correlation between whale call detections and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). They also discovered that sea surface height and chlorophyll-a concentration influenced monthly whale call detections. This research is important for understanding how blue whales adapt to a changing environment and the potential impact of climate change on their reproductive success.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)