Combination treatment with a PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitor overcomes resistance to anti-HER2 therapy in PIK3CA-mutant HER2-positive breast cancer cells

Amplification and/or overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are observed in 15-20% of breast cancers (HER2+ breast cancers), and anti-HER2 therapies have significantly improved prognosis of patients with HER2+ breast cancer. One resistance mechanism to anti-HER2 therapies is constitutive activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Combination therapy with small-molecule inhibitors of AKT and HER2 was conducted in HER2+ breast cancer cell lines with or without PIK3CA mutations, which lead to constitutive activation of the PI3K pathway. PIK3CA mutations played important roles in resistance to single-agent anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer cell lines. Combination therapy of a HER2 inhibitor and an AKT inhibitor, as well as other PI3K pathway inhibitors, could overcome the therapeutic limitations associated with single-agent anti-HER2 treatment in PIK3CA-mutant HER2+ breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, expression of phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 (p4EBP1) following the treatment correlated with the antiproliferative activities of the combination, suggesting that p4EBP1 may have potential as a prognostic and/or efficacy-linking biomarkers for these combination therapies in patients with HER2+ breast cancer. These findings highlight potential clinical strategies using combination therapy to overcome the limitations associated with single-agent anti-HER2 therapies in patients with HER2+ breast cancer.