Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
T. Mayer, M. Eppes, D. Draebing
Summary: Rockwall erosion caused by rockfall in high alpine environments is mainly controlled by frost weathering. We conducted laboratory experiments on Wetterstein limestone samples and found that initial full saturation is not a prerequisite for frost cracking. Additionally, less-fractured rock showed higher cracking rates. The temperature threshold for frost cracking in alpine rocks was found to be below -7°C.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Karol Augustowski, Jozef Kukulak
Summary: The study found that in the alluvial banks of rivers in the Podhale region, bank retreat in winter was mainly caused by freezing and thawing processes, while in summer it was mainly caused by fluvial processes and mass movements. Fluvial processes contributed significantly more to the total annual amount of bank retreat compared to frost phenomena.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ronald I. I. Dorn, Ian J. J. Walker
Summary: Dirt cracking is a process that physically opens fractures in desert bedrock through the combined mechanisms of carbonate precipitation and wetting and drying of clays in the fractures. This study discovers the occurrence of dirt cracking in the hypermaritime Mediterranean climate of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The precipitation of carbonates derived from the decay of host-rock minerals widens the fractures, and the dissolution of silicates aids in the penetration of carbonates. Additionally, lead contamination from iron oxides scavenging heavy metals is observed. The presence of carbonate precipitation processes in different climatic settings suggests that dirt cracking may be a common rock-decay process in biogeochemical environments dry enough for carbonate precipitation in rock fractures.
Article
Geography, Physical
Michal Filippi, Martin Slavik, Jiri Bruthans, Tomas Weiss, Jaroslav Rihosek
Summary: The weathering/disintegration of sandstone is a complex process that can damage building stone. Disconnected portions are common in dry climates, often elongated parallel to horizontal surfaces. Physical experiments indicate that confinement by surrounding rock mass may delay the weathering process.
Review
Geography, Physical
Piotr Migon
Summary: This paper reviews recent publications on sandstone geomorphology, covering various scales of landforms and landscapes in sandstones. It highlights the diversity of landform origins and processes, from minor features like rock surface microforms to large structures such as canyons and mesas.
Article
Geology
T. Inoue, N. Izumi, J. S. Scheingross, Y. Hiramatsu, S. Tanigawa, T. Sumner
Summary: Short waterfalls retreat up to five times faster than taller waterfalls due to the difference in erosion mechanism, where short waterfalls form small eroding bed-rock steps, while tall waterfalls form large bedrock plunge pools.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juan Carlos Canaveras, Enrique Sanz-Rubio, Sergio Sanchez-Moral
Summary: A detailed study was conducted on the sandstones that constitute the host rock for the prehistoric artwork in the Rock Groups of Tajo de las Figuras and Penas de Cabrera. The study examined the petrological and compositional characteristics of the sandstones and the geological and climatological characteristics of the area. The research found that the sandstones have similar characteristics in both areas, but the different climatic conditions affect the intensity of weathering processes. Human activity has both direct and indirect influence on the deterioration of the rock.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhi-Hao Dong, Xiao-Hua Pan, Chao-Sheng Tang, Bin Shi
Summary: This study is the first attempt to apply microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology in the healing of nature-weathering-like rough fractures (NWLRF). The experimental results demonstrated that MICP healing with the repeated mixture injection strategy had the ability to efficiently heal the penetrated NWLRF and achieve a high apparent fracture healing ratio and a significant reduction of transmissivity. The research results have important theoretical significance and technical guidance value for the disaster prevention and mitigation of rock weathering.
ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
S. Alberti, M. J. Olsen, J. Allan, B. Leshchinsky
Summary: Erosion plays a crucial role in the activity of coastal landslides. Quantitative characterization of the feedbacks between erosion and landslide advance is essential, suggesting an inversely proportional relationship between landslide volume and magnitude of advance. Additionally, landslide geometry has a secondary control on the sensitivity of advance to coastal erosion.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. A. Marshall, J. J. Roering, A. W. Rempel, S. L. Shafer, P. J. Bartlein
Summary: The study reveals the significant impact of frost weathering on erosion and climate in unglaciated terrain, especially in North America around 21,000 years ago. This highlights the importance of temperature control on surficial process efficacy in both glacial periods and modern climates.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David M. Waterman, Marcelo H. Garcia
Summary: This study seeks the characteristic shape and migration rate of a river with noncohesive banks using physical principles. The results show that the migration rate is controlled by transverse sediment transport, not bank slope.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yue Liang, Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh, Chen Ma, Jing Zhang, Wei Xu, Dehong Yang, Yonghong Hao
Summary: Soil erosion is crucial in hydraulic engineering, and this study investigates the use of three chemical stabilizers to improve erosion resistance of sandy soil. The experiments show that the stabilizers significantly enhance the anti-erosion capability, with sodium polyacrylate (PAANa) performing the best among the tested stabilizers. The results suggest that PAANa is recommended for treating sandy soil to prevent erosion and ensure the safety of hydraulic projects.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Junce Xu, Hai Pu, Ziheng Sha
Summary: Coal mine reuse involves complex environments such as chemical erosion and dynamic perturbation. This study investigated the effect of chemical erosion on the dynamic behavior of red sandstone, and found that chemical erosion lowers the stress threshold for strain localization and accelerates its expansion rate.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Peter D. Clift, Tara N. Jonell
Summary: The study indicates that the chemical weathering flux in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau decreased by 50% during a certain period, especially in the Indus river system, contradicting the idea of global cooling during that time.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yanyan Wang, Sean D. Willett, Datian Wu
Summary: A great escarpment at a rift margin can correspond to a major water divide, but in Madagascar, it often appears as a steep knickzone on rivers that have their main water divides into the interior of the high plateau. The morphology of the escarpment is related to the frequency and size of drainage area captured from the high plateau. A weathered, weak surface layer of bedrock encourages river reversal and large river captures from the upper plateau, leading to a high frequency of knickpoint-type rivers.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Martin Cerny, Zdenek Chlup, Adam Strachota, Martina Halasova, Jana Schweigstillova, Petr Kacha, Jaroslava Svitilova
Article
Geography, Physical
Alexander Safonov, Michal Filippi, David Masin, Jiri Bruthans
Article
Geography, Physical
Martin Slavik, Jiri Bruthans, Tomas Weiss, Jana Schweigstillova
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2020)
Article
Geography, Physical
Anita Bernatek-Jakiel, Jiri Bruthans, Jan Vojtisek, Mateusz Stolarczyk, Tomasz Zaleski
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alan L. Mayo, David G. Tingey, Kevin A. Rey, Tony D. Winkel, John H. McBride, Stephen T. Nelson, Gregory T. Carling, Jiri Bruthans, Erik C. Petersen
HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Michal Filippi, Jiri Bruthans, Roman Skala, Noemi Meszarosova
JOURNAL OF AFRICAN EARTH SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Martin Cerny, Zdenek Chlup, Adam Strachota, Jiri Brus, Jana Schweigstillova, Sarka Ryglova, Olga Bicakova
Summary: This study deals with the thermomechanical analysis of four different types of cross-linked preceramic polymers during the pyrolysis process. The research found that the risk of cracking at certain temperatures is high due to the limitation of stress relaxation by the crosslinking of the thermoset microstructure. By conducting in-situ thermomechanical experiments using cyclic indentation method and developing a model to analyze the obtained data, the study provided a comprehensive insight into the gradual changes in mechanical behavior and volume changes during the thermal transformation.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Zdenek Chlup, Martin Cerny, Adam Strachota, Sarka Ryglova, Jana Schweigstillova, Jaroslava Svitilova, Libor Trsko, Branislav Hadzima
Summary: Polysiloxane thermosets prepared via sol-gel chemistry were studied for their potential as eco-friendly precursors of partially pyrolyzed composites. The influence of pyrolysis temperature on the behavior of the new hybrid composites was investigated, with promising results for the composite pyrolyzed at 600 degrees C. The solvent-free SiH/vinyl-functional methyl-phenyl-siloxane resin showed high-temperature resistance above 600 degrees C, making it an environmentally friendly alternative for heat and fire-resistant applications.
APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Jakub Mares, Jiri Bruthans, Tomas Weiss, Michal Filippi
Summary: Cavernous weathering, characterized by honeycomb structures, is a common feature of both natural and artificial exposures. The most favored theory for the origin of honeycombs is salt weathering. In a study conducted in the coastal area of Tuscany, the evaporation pattern and salt deposition in honeycomb pits and lips were examined. The results showed that the evaporation rate and salt precipitates were higher in the pits than in the lips, supporting the theory of salt weathering. Surface tensile strength measurements indicated that case hardening does not protect the honeycomb lips.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Michal Filippi, Martin Slavik, Jiri Bruthans, Tomas Weiss, Jaroslav Rihosek
Summary: The weathering/disintegration of sandstone is a complex process that can damage building stone. Disconnected portions are common in dry climates, often elongated parallel to horizontal surfaces. Physical experiments indicate that confinement by surrounding rock mass may delay the weathering process.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
P. Zavada, J. Bruthans, S. Adineh, M. Warsitzka, M. Zare
Summary: The Karmostaj (Gach) and Siah Taq salt diapirs in the Zagros Mountains of Iran are world-class examples of salt extrusions, commonly referred to as salt glaciers. However, a field survey revealed that their glacier-like appearance is actually formed by thick, variegated, and deformed caprock, with only local salt content. Deformation within the caprock is primarily accommodated by shearing along gypsum-rich zones and pressure solution-precipitation creep of the lath-shaped gypsum grains.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Tuna Karatas, Jiri Bruthans, Michal Filippi, Anna Mazancova, Tomas Weiss, Jakub Mares
Summary: This study provides a deeper understanding of the factors controlling the composition and distribution of salt in the processes forming tafoni and honeycombs. The results show that salt composition is influenced by the chemical composition of rainwater and the lithology of the rocks. Gypsum is the major salt found in all sites, with halite dominating in arid sites. The salt content in tafoni varies between the backwalls and outer walls, with higher concentration in the backwalls in arid sites and no difference in humid sites.
Article
Paleontology
Jana Bruthansova, Jiri Bruthans, Heyo Van Iten, Stepan Rak, Jana Schweigstillova
Summary: This study describes five quartzose sandstone slabs containing Anaconularia anomala from the Letna Formation in the Prague Basin. The slabs contain adjacent conulariids and other fossils buried in a single bedding plane. The investigated conulariids show strong alignment and suggest burial by unidirectional currents. The growth pattern of the conulariids does not indicate clonal budding.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Martin Slavik, Jiri Bruthans, Jana Schweigstillova
Summary: A study on evaporation from 10 lithologies reveals that the evaporation rate is influenced by vaporization plane depth, lithology, and climate seasonality. Vaporization plane depth plays a key role in determining the evaporation rate. This research has broad applications in various fields, including evaporation estimates and hydrologic balance, shallow rock hydrologic processes, living conditions of organisms, weathering processes, and cultural heritage protection.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)