Journal
TALANTA
Volume 225, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122073
Keywords
Argan oil; Oil traceability; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Quality evaluation; Classification tools; Chemometric analysis
Categories
Funding
- Mohammed VI Foundation for Research and Protection of the Argan Tree
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek -Vlaanderen (FWO-Vlaanderen) [GO38816 N]
- VLIR-UOS (Team project) [VLIR 345 MA2017]
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Rabat (FMPR)
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This study evaluated the chemical and spectral characteristics of different categories of Argan oils and identified key variables that can serve as quality indicators, as well as established spectroscopic features for measuring oil quality and freshness.
The characterization of Argan oils to classify them in three categories ('Extra Virgin', 'Virgin' and 'Lower quality') was evaluated. A total of 120 Moroccan Argan oils samples from the Taroudant Argan forest was investigated. The free acidity, peroxide value, spectrophotometric indices (K232 and K270), fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherol contents were assessed. The samples were also scanned by FTIR spectroscopy. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and four classification methods, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), K-nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM), were applied on both the chemical and spectral data. Besides the conventional chemical profiling, FTIR spectra were evaluated for their feasibility as a rapid non-invasive approach for classifying and predicting the oil quality categories. The most important variables for differentiating the oil categories were identified as K232, peroxide value, gamma-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol, acidity, stigma-8-22-dien-3 beta-ol, stearic acid (C-18:0) and linoleic acid (C-18:2) and could be used as quality indicators. Eight chemical descriptors or key features from the FTIR spectra (selected by interval-PLS) could also be established as indicators of quality and freshness of Argan oils.
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