Journal
SPORTS MEDICINE
Volume 51, Issue 4, Pages 795-814Publisher
ADIS INT LTD
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01407-4
Keywords
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Funding
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/Miniestrerio/Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior
- EU funds [UIDB/50008/2020]
- Spanish government [PGC2018-098742-B-C31, SPGC201800X098742CV0]
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The study reveals that both training cessation and off-season training programs have negative impacts on male soccer players' body composition and physical fitness. However, off-season training programs seem to mitigate the detrimental effects on VO2max and repeated-sprint ability to some extent. The results suggest the need for more effective off-season training programs for male soccer players.
Background The off-season period in soccer leads necessarily to changes in fitness status. However, there is a lack of systematization that allows identifying the magnitude of these changes in groups participating in off-season training programs compared with those subjected to training cessation. Objective This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of training cessation in off-season training programs on men soccer players' body fat, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT), vertical jump, sprinting time, and repeated-sprint ability. Methods To qualify for inclusion in the systematic review, studies must have included: (1) a detraining period of >= 2 weeks; (2) controlled trials or cohorts of healthy men soccer players with no restriction on age; and (3) a pre-post training cessation or off-season training programs measure of body fat (%), VO2max (mL kg(-1) min(-1)), YYIRT performance (meters), vertical jump (height), sprinting (time), and repeated-sprint ability (total time). Results The electronic search yielded 563 articles, and 12 were subsequently included. Significant (all p < 0.05) detrimental training cessation effects were noted for body fat (ES = 0.26), VO2max (ES = - 1.48), YYIRT (ES = - 0.46), vertical jump (ES = - 0.81), and repeated-sprint ability (ES = 0.68). Similarly, significant (all p < 0.05) detrimental off-season training programs effects were noted for body fat (ES = 0.26), VO2max (ES = - 0.48), vertical jump (ES = - 0.51), and sprinting time (ES = 0.86). When training cessation and off-season training programs effects were compared, greater detrimental effects were noted after training cessation for VO2max (p = 0.002) and repeated-sprint ability (p < 0.001). Conclusions Detrimental effects on body composition and physical fitness were observed after both training cessation and off-season training programs. However, off-season training programs seem to ameliorate such detrimental effects on VO2max and repeated-sprint ability to some extent. The results presented here call for the implementation of more effective off-season training programs among male soccer players.
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