Journal
SENSORS
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s21010283
Keywords
oxygen saturation imaging; LED; photoacoustics; ultrasound; fluence compensation; in vivo; hypoxia
Funding
- National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research [CRACKITRT-P1-3]
- 4TU Precision Medicine program
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The oxygen saturation imaging technology combines dual-wavelength LED array-based photoacoustic imaging, showing potential in both preclinical and clinical applications. By utilizing structural information from ultrasound images and prior knowledge of tissue optical properties, a feasible method for oxygen saturation imaging has been proposed and validated on tissue-mimicking phantoms and animals.
Oxygen saturation imaging has potential in several preclinical and clinical applications. Dual-wavelength LED array-based photoacoustic oxygen saturation imaging can be an affordable solution in this case. For the translation of this technology, there is a need to improve its accuracy and validate it against ground truth methods. We propose a fluence compensated oxygen saturation imaging method, utilizing structural information from the ultrasound image, and prior knowledge of the optical properties of the tissue with a Monte-Carlo based light propagation model for the dual-wavelength LED array configuration. We then validate the proposed method with oximeter measurements in tissue-mimicking phantoms. Further, we demonstrate in vivo imaging on small animal and a human subject. We conclude that the proposed oxygen saturation imaging can be used to image tissue at a depth of 6-8 mm in both preclinical and clinical applications.
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