Small molecular hole-transporting and emitting materials for hole-only green organic light-emitting devices

Three small molecular hole-transporting and emitting materials with naphthalene bridged triphenyl-amine or carbazole were synthesized. These compounds exhibited high absolute fluorescence quantum yields (70-88%) at the green light region (540-555 nm), suitable highest occupied molecular orbital levels (-5.26 similar to -5.34 eV) and good hole mobilities (similar to 10(-4) cm(2) V-1 s(-1)). The hole-only organic light emitting diodes with as-synthesized hole-transporting and emitting materials showed a tune-on voltage and a maximum brightness of 2.6 V and 2010 cd m(-2), respectively. Three stages of voltage-dependent current were observed, which coincide with the characteristic of Ohmic current, Fowler-Nordheim current and space charge limited current. With analysis of above models, overlarge Fowler-Nordheim current and space charge limited current contribute to the low efficiency of the device. All these results indicated that the high hole mobility showed the negative effect on the device efficiency, especially at high operation voltage. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.