Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 125, Issue 26, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.260503
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Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFA0303900, 2017YFA0304000]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1738201, U1738142, 11654005, 11904358, 61625503, 11822409, 11674309]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project [2019SHZDZX01]
- Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS [2018492]
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Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), based on two-photon interference, is immune to all attacks against the detection system and allows a QKD network with untrusted relays. Since the MDI-QKD protocol was proposed, fiber-based implementations aimed at longer distance, higher key rates, and network verification have been rapidly developed. However, owing to the effect of atmospheric turbulence, MDI-QKD over a free-space channel remains experimentally challenging. Herein, by developing a robust adaptive optics system, high-precision time synchronization and frequency locking between independent photon sources located far apart, we realized the first free-space MDI-QKD over a 19.2-km urban atmospheric channel, which well exceeds the effective atmospheric thickness. Our experiment takes the first step toward satellite-based MDI-QKD. Moreover, the technology developed herein opens the way to quantum experiments in free space involving long-distance interference of independent single photons.
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