Journal
PERIODONTOLOGY 2000
Volume 85, Issue 1, Pages 124-160Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12356
Keywords
autoimmunity; diabetes mellitus; genetics; human microbiome; inflammation; periodontitis
Categories
Funding
- [NIDCR/NIH R01-DE024767]
- [R01 DE026152]
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Next-generation sequencing platforms have opened up new opportunities for studying oral microbiology in relation to oral and systemic health. These platforms have allowed for large-scale surveys of oral microbes, as well as exploration of the impact of systemic factors on the periodontal microbiome, including diseases, conditions, ethnicity, and genetics. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the systemic factors that shape the periodontal microbiome for patient management and treatment.
Since 2010, next-generation sequencing platforms have laid the foundation to an exciting phase of discovery in oral microbiology as it relates to oral and systemic health and disease. Next-generation sequencing has allowed large-scale oral microbial surveys, based on informative marker genes, such as 16S ribosomal RNA, community gene inventories (metagenomics), and functional analyses (metatranscriptomics), to be undertaken. More specifically, the availability of next-generation sequencing has also paved the way for studying, in greater depth and breadth, the effect of systemic factors on the periodontal microbiome. It was natural to investigate systemic diseases, such as diabetes, in such studies, along with systemic conditions or states, , pregnancy, menopause, stress, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, in recent years, the relevance of systemic variables (ie, factors that are not necessarily diseases or conditions, but may modulate the periodontal microbiome) has been explored in detail. These include ethnicity and genetics. In the present manuscript, we describe and elaborate on the new and confirmatory findings unveiled by next-generation sequencing as it pertains to systemic factors that may shape the periodontal microbiome. We also explore the systemic and mechanistic basis for such modulation and highlight the importance of those relationships in the management and treatment of patients.
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