Article
Parasitology
Christina Naesborg-Nielsen, Raphael Eisenhofer, Tamieka A. Fraser, Vicky Wilkinson, Christopher P. Burridge, Scott Carver
Summary: This study investigated the microbial changes associated with sarcoptic mange in a marsupial host, as well as the fungal microbial changes on the skin of hosts suffering from sarcoptic mange. The results showed significant changes in microbial communities and diversity in mange-affected individuals, with an increased abundance of potential pathogenic microbial taxa. The findings suggest that the impacts of mange on the epidermal microbiota may be generalizable across host species.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
E. M. Ringwaldt, B. W. Brook, J. C. Buettel, C. X. Cunningham, C. Fuller, R. Gardiner, R. Hamer, M. Jones, A. M. Martin, S. Carver
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics and drivers of landscape-scale wildlife disease using the case of sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats in Tasmania, Australia. The research finds that the Tasmanian landscape is almost universally suitable for wombats, except in areas with high mean annual precipitation. However, the clinical signs of sarcoptic mange are widespread but heterogeneously distributed. The disease is most likely to occur in areas with high host habitat suitability, low annual precipitation, near freshwater sources, and minimal topographic roughness.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Hayley J. Stannard, Jack Wolfenden, Eden M. Hermsen, Blaire T. Vallin, Nicole E. Hunter, Julie M. Old
Summary: Sarcoptic mange poses a threat to bare-nosed wombats in Australia, causing severe irritation, blindness, and even death if left untreated. The prevalence of sarcoptic mange varies between study sites, seasons, and years, with higher incidence in areas with higher rainfall. Additionally, higher numbers of macropods in the study areas are associated with an increased prevalence of sarcoptic mange in wombat populations.
AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Shanker K. Singh, Amit K. Jaiswal, Sanju Kumari, Ruchi Singh Gaur, Prabha Sharma, Richa Khushboo, Manu Jaiswal
Summary: This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of oral fluralaner in pet rabbits with severe sarcoptic mange. The results showed significant improvement in skin lesions after a single oral dose, but complete clearance of the mites was not achieved. Complete clinical recovery was observed in all rabbits after 30 days of treatment. Further research is needed to comprehensively assess the safety and efficacy of this drug in rabbits with different severities of mange.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Federica Obber, Roberto Celva, Martina Libanora, Graziana Da Rold, Debora Dellamaria, Piergiovanni Partel, Enrico Ferraro, Maria Santa Calabrese, Lia Morpurgo, Simone Roberto Rolando Pisano, Carlo Vittorio Citterio, Rudi Cassini
Summary: This study analyzed 15 years (2006-2020) of passive surveillance and demographic data to describe a mange outbreak in the Alpine chamois population in the Dolomites. An enhanced passive surveillance protocol was implemented to evaluate its efficiency compared to the ordinary protocol in identifying dead chamois and determining the cause of death. The results confirmed the role of mange in chamois mortality and emphasized the need to consider other factors affecting population dynamics. The enhanced protocol improved carcass retrieval and cause of death identification, but its long-term and wide-scale application may be costly. Future passive surveillance should incorporate other strategies to study the eco-epidemiology of the disease in wild Caprinae.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Georgiana Deak, Barbara Moroni, Ana Maria Boncea, Luisa Rambozzi, Luca Rossi, Andrei Daniel Mihalca
Summary: This paper presents two clinical scenarios of sarcoptic mange in camelids, successfully treated with a combination of ectocides and subcutaneous moxidectin. The treatment resulted in negative scrapings and regrowth of hair in previously affected areas for both cases.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Fernando Najera, Elena Crespo, Amalia Garcia-Talens, Rebeca Grande-Gomez, Francisco Javier Herrera-Sanchez, Michaela Gentil, Carmen Cortes-Garcia, Elisabeth Mueller, Rafael Calero-Bernal, Luis Revuelta
Summary: The study describes the diagnosis of Sarcoptes scabiei in a dead European wildcat in Spain, marking the first description of this mite in a European wildcat. Considering the critical demography of European wildcats in the southernmost population of the Iberian Peninsula, the potential impacts of infectious diseases, including sarcoptic mange, should be taken into account in disease surveillance programs for this species.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Dario d'Ovidio, Domenico Santoro
Summary: Sarcoptes scabiei are cutaneous mites that parasitize mammals, with specific genetic variants associated with different animal species. Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi causes sarcoptic mange in rabbits, characterized by intense itching, hair loss, redness, scales, and crusts. Treatment of this condition typically involves avermectins and multiple administrations.
TOPICS IN COMPANION ANIMAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mirabela O. Dumitrache, Marie-Christine Cadiergues
Summary: This paper reviews the evidence comparing different types of systemic treatment for canine scabies. The analysis of the results shows that afoxolaner, fluralaner, sarolaner, as well as several macrocyclic lactones such as selamectin, moxidectin, and milbemycin oxime, can lead to parasitological and clinical cure.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Barbara Moroni, Samer Angelone, Jesus M. Perez, Anna Rita Molinar Min, Mario Pasquetti, Paolo Tizzani, Jorge Ramon Lopez-Olvera, Marta Valldeperes, Jose Enrique Granados, Santiago Lavin, Gregorio Mentaberre, Leonor Camacho-Sillero, Carlos Martinez-Carrasco, Alvaro Oleaga, Monica Candela, Pier Giuseppe Meneguz, Luca Rossi
Summary: The study in Spain reveals the existence of three genetic strains of Sarcoptes scabiei in wild ruminant populations, with two clusters being host- and geography-related, and one cluster consisting of multi-host mites from geographically distant populations. This suggests that the spread and persistence of the parasite may be influenced by host species composition and the permissiveness of each host population to different strains, among other factors. Investigating wildlife-livestock interactions and human-driven introductions or trades of wild and domestic animals is crucial to prevent further spread of sarcoptic mange in unaffected natural areas of the Iberian Peninsula.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Luis E. Escobar, Scott Carver, Paul C. Cross, Luca Rossi, Emily S. Almberg, Michael J. Yabsley, Kevin D. Niedringhaus, Peach Van Wick, Ernesto Dominguez-Villegas, Francis Gakuya, Yue Xie, Samer Angelone, Christian Gortazar, Francisca Astorga
Summary: Sarcoptic mange, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, is an emerging disease threatening the welfare and conservation of wildlife. The disease has a global distribution and affects a wide range of host species. Recent research shows increasing transmission and virulence of sarcoptic mange in wildlife populations.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Flavia Fiori, Rogerio Cunha de Paula, Pedro Enrique Navas-Suarez, Ricardo Luiz Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo Augusto Dias
Summary: The maned wolf is the largest South American canid and is considered an endangered species in Brazil due to habitat loss, hunting, and other threats. Sarcoptic mange, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, is an emerging disease affecting wildlife, including maned wolves. A study in Brazil identified 52 cases of sarcoptic mange in maned wolves, indicating a rapid and widespread spread of the disease in the species' range.
Article
Microbiology
Julieta Rousseau, Monia Nakamura, Helena Rio-Maior, Francisco Alvares, Remi Choquet, Luis Madeira de Carvalho, Raquel Godinho, Nuno Santos
Summary: The study utilized molecular detection to analyze Iberian wolf fecal samples collected in north-western Portugal from 2006 to 2018, predicting an average prevalence of 7.2% for Sarcoptes scabiei infection, peaking at 11.7%; while the seroprevalence in wolves was 24.5%, reaching its peak during 2006-2009. The multi-event capture-recapture models demonstrated the high diagnostic specificity and moderate diagnostic sensitivity of the molecular method.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simona Nardoni, Francesca Mancianti
Summary: This article reviews the literature on the use of plant-derived agents, particularly essential oils, in the treatment of scabies and sarcoptic mange.
Article
Biology
Mutee Murshed, Saleh Al-Quraishy, Mohammed M. Mares
Summary: The study examined the prevalence of Sarcoptic mange in different regions of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, finding that the infection rate was higher in females than in males, with the highest percentage of infestation in sheep over two years of age. The presence of mange mites was primarily in the head region.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biology
Janan Sykes, Barbara R. Holland, Michael A. Charleston
Summary: Proteins play a crucial role in connecting genotype and phenotype, but understanding the relationship between protein sequence and structure, and applying this knowledge to predict function, is challenging. Investigating the space of protein folds can provide insights into protein evolution and function.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Luke A. Yates, Zach Aandahl, Shane A. Richards, Barry W. Brook
Summary: Specifying, assessing, and selecting statistical models are crucial for ecological research. We provide a comprehensive and accessible review on the technical aspects of cross validation for model selection, including bias correction, estimation uncertainty, score choice, and overfitting mitigation. Our recommendations include using leave-one-out cross validation or k-fold with bias correction for minimizing bias and using calibrated selection to mitigate overfitting.
ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Vicky Wilkinson, Shane A. Richards, Christina Naesborg-Nielsen, Scott Carver
Summary: Interventions against infectious diseases in wildlife are necessary but problematic. However, drugs can combat various pathogens while aligning with positive ethical, epidemiological, evolutionary, and socio-economic outcomes. The authors discuss how to overcome these problems and provide a framework to objectively compare the suitability of different intervention methods.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Benjamin Magondu, Alexander B. Lee, Andrew Schulz, Gabriel Cervantes Buchelli, Michelle Meng, Candice Kaminski, Patricia J. Yang, Scott Carver, David L. Hu
Summary: This combined experimental and theoretical study reveals the relationship between animal health, diet, and fecal shape. It is found that when the water content in feces drops below 0.65, the shape transitions from cylindrical to pellet. Mathematical models show that pellet feces length is negatively correlated with water flux. These findings can be valuable for physicians and veterinarians in assessing intestinal health.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Qin Liu, Michael A. Charleston, Shane A. Richards, Barbara R. Holland
Summary: Partition models and mixture models are used to accommodate heterogeneity in genomic sequencing data. Both types of models provide better fits to data than models assuming homogeneous sequence evolution. The popular tools for model selection in phylogenetics, AIC and BIC, should not be used for comparing mixture and partition models. AIC tends to underestimate the expected Kullback-Leibler divergence and prefers complex mixture models, while BIC tends to select simpler mixture models.
SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Christopher P. Kozakiewicz, Christopher P. Burridge, Justin S. Lee, Simona J. Kraberger, Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones, Robert N. Fisher, Lisa M. Lyren, Megan K. Jennings, Seth P. D. Riley, Laurel E. K. Serieys, Meggan E. Craft, W. Chris Funk, Kevin R. Crooks, Sue VandeWoude, Scott Carver
Summary: Spatially heterogeneous landscape factors, such as urbanisation, can impact the spread of wildlife diseases. However, there is limited research on the connection between pathogen transmission patterns and landscape features. This study used phylogeographic and machine learning approaches to investigate the influence of landscape and host factors on the genetic variation and spread of FIVLru among bobcats in coastal southern California. The results suggest that urban barriers to host movement constrain the spread of FIVLru and that natural habitat plays a role in virus transmission and spread.
Article
Ecology
E. M. Ringwaldt, B. W. Brook, J. C. Buettel, C. X. Cunningham, C. Fuller, R. Gardiner, R. Hamer, M. Jones, A. M. Martin, S. Carver
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics and drivers of landscape-scale wildlife disease using the case of sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats in Tasmania, Australia. The research finds that the Tasmanian landscape is almost universally suitable for wombats, except in areas with high mean annual precipitation. However, the clinical signs of sarcoptic mange are widespread but heterogeneously distributed. The disease is most likely to occur in areas with high host habitat suitability, low annual precipitation, near freshwater sources, and minimal topographic roughness.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Travis G. Britton, Shane A. Richards, Mark J. Hovenden
Summary: Interactions among neighbouring plants are crucial for plant growth. Common competition indices calculate the summed size of neighbouring plants or the ratio of neighbour size relative to focal plant size. However, focal-dependent indices may lead to biased estimates of neighbourhood effects on plant growth when growth is size-dependent.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Leah G. G. Burgess, Shane A. A. Richards, Michael M. M. Driessen, Vicky Wilkinson, Rahil J. J. Amin, Scott Carver
Summary: The occurrence of sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats is influenced by environmental factors, with wombats more likely to be affected in areas with minimal vegetation and low-lying pans. Wombat density and active burrow density do not significantly impact the prevalence of the disease.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Kotaro Takano, Lachlan de Hayr, Scott Carver, Robert J. Harvey, Kate E. Mounsey
Summary: Sarcoptes scabiei is a microscopic burrowing mite that causes sarcoptic mange in various mammalian species. In Australia, sarcoptic mange is a problem in native and introduced wildlife species, with severe cases observed in wombats and emerging issues in koalas and quendas. Effective treatment of sarcoptic mange in wild populations is challenging due to safety concerns, efficacy, and the potential emergence of acaricide resistance. This review critically evaluates the use of acaricides in treating sarcoptic mange in Australian wildlife, including their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and current reports of drug resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lucile Leveque, Rahil J. Amin, Jessie Buettel, Scott Carver, Barry Brook
Summary: This study examines the factors influencing the distribution of the Tasmanian native hen and predicts its future distribution changes under climate change. The results show that 37% of Tasmania is currently suitable for the native hens, with low summer precipitation, low elevation, human-modified vegetation, and urban areas being key factors. Urban areas can also serve as "oases" in unsuitable regions, supporting high breeding activity. Under climate change predictions, the native hens are expected to lose only 5% of their occupied range by 2055. Overall, the species is resilient to climate change and benefits from anthropogenic landscape modifications, making it a rare example of a flightless rail adapting to human activity.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Scott Carver, Zachary M. Lewin, Leah G. Burgess, Vicky Wilkinson, Jason Whitehead, Michael M. Driessen
Summary: This study investigated the decline of a bare-nosed wombat population in central Tasmania due to a sarcoptic mange outbreak. The population declined by 80% over a 7-year period and experienced a range contraction of 55%. The high apparent prevalence of mange did not depend on declining host abundance, and wombat populations may be at risk of decline when apparent prevalence exceeds 25%.
Article
Biology
Kieran J. Murphy, Gretta T. Pecl, Jason D. Everett, Ryan F. Heneghan, Shane A. Richards, Anthony J. Richardson, Jayson M. Semmens, Julia L. Blanchard
Summary: The body-size relationships between predators and prey are diverse, challenging the assumptions of traditional size-based models. By studying cephalopods, researchers found that incorporating greater biological realism improved the accuracy and predictive ability of ecosystem models.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Imogen Jones, Fiona Cocker, Matthew Jose, Michael Charleston, Amanda L. Neil
Summary: The aim of this scoping review is to summarize the techniques used for network analysis of multimorbidity and provide recommendations for a standardized methodology. The results show a lack of recommended standard methods for calculating and displaying networks in multimorbidity. There is also a need for greater detail and transparency in reporting the methodology and software used. Further investigation is required to determine the most appropriate measure of association for network analysis in multimorbidity.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG
(2023)