Journal
OPTICS EXPRESS
Volume 28, Issue 24, Pages 36884-36891Publisher
Optica Publishing Group
DOI: 10.1364/OE.410025
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Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFA0304000]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61671438, 61827823, 61971408]
- Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project [2019SHZDZX01]
- Shanghai Rising-Star Program [20QA1410900]
- Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader [18XD1404600]
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [2020241]
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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) with near-unity system efficiency is a key enabling, but still elusive, technology for numerous quantum fundamental theory verifications and quantum information applications. The key challenge is to have both a near-unity photon-response probability and absorption efficiency simultaneously for the meandered nanowire with a finite filling ratio, which is more crucial for NbN than other superconducting materials (e.g., WSi) with lower transition temperatures. Here, we overcome the above challenge and produce NbN SNSPDs with a record system efficiency by replacing a single-layer nanowire with twin-layer nanowires on a dielectric mirror. The detector at 0.8 K shows a maximal system detection efficiency (SDE) of 98% at 1590 nm and a system efficiency of over 95% in the wavelength range of 1530-1630 nm. Moreover, the detector at 2.1 K demonstrates a maximal SDE of 95% at 1550 nm using a compacted two-stage cryocooler. This type of detector also shows the robustness against various parameters, such as the geometrical size of the nanowire and the spectral bandwidth, enabling a high yield of 73% (36%) with an SDE of >80% (90%) at 2.1 K for 45 detectors fabricated in the same run. These SNSPDs made of twin-layer nanowires are of important practical significance for batch production. (C) 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
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