Journal
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
Volume 148, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105211
Keywords
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Oxidative stress; SOD1; ELAVL4/HuD; Motor cortex
Categories
Funding
- NIH [1R01NS089633-01A1]
- Brain and Behavioral Health Institute (BBHI) at UNM-HSC
- Mentor Engagement Grant (MEG) from the Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism (AIM) Disease COBRE center (NIH) [1P20GM121176]
- Italian Ministry of Health [RC2014-2016]
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HuD plays a significant role in brain development, synaptic plasticity, and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in regulating SOD1 mRNA expression under oxidative stress conditions. This regulation involves promoting mRNA stabilization, altering poly-adenylation site usage, and preventing upregulation of SOD1 and other genes when HuD levels are decreased.
The neuronal RNA-binding protein (RBP) HuD plays an important role in brain development, synaptic plasticity and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's (AD). Bioinformatics analysis of the human SOD1 mRNA 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) demonstrated the presence of HuD binding adenine-uridine (AU)-rich instability-conferring elements (AREs). Using differentiated SH-SY5Y cells along with brain tissues from sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) patients, we assessed HuD-dependent regulation of SOD1 mRNA. In vitro binding and mRNA decay assays demonstrate that HuD specifically binds to SOD1 ARE motifs promoting mRNA stabilization. In SH-SY5Y cells, overexpression of full-length HuD increased SOD1 mRNA and protein levels while a dominant negative form of the RBP downregulated its expression. HuD regulation of SOD1 mRNA was also found to be oxidative stress (OS)-dependent, as shown by the increased HuD binding and upregulation of this mRNA after H2O2 exposure. This treatment also induced a shift in alternative poly-adenylation (APA) site usage in SOD1 3'UTR, increasing the levels of a long variant bearing HuD binding sites. The requirement of HuD for SOD1 upregulation during oxidative damage was validated using a specific siRNA that downregulated HuD protein levels to 36% and prevented upregulation of SOD1 and 91 additional genes. In the motor cortex from sALS patients, we found increases in SOD1 and HuD mRNAs and proteins, accompanied by greater HuD binding to this mRNA as confirmed by RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Altogether, our results suggest a role of HuD in the post-transcriptional regulation of SOD1 expression during ALS pathogenesis.
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