Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
V. L. Quito, R. Flint
Summary: Floquet engineering using unpolarized light can modify strongly correlated systems while preserving original symmetries, leading to different phases. In the example discussed, unpolarized light induces a Dirac spin liquid in insulating magnetic materials on a triangular lattice.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Kayn A. Forbes
Summary: Optical helicity is a fundamental property of light, similar to energy and momentum. In the conventional description of light as plane waves, the optical helicity is proportional to the degree of circular polarization. However, this study shows that tightly focused optical vortices can generate nonparaxial fields with a contribution to the optical helicity density that is independent of the polarization state of the source paraxial field. This finding challenges the previous understanding and suggests that unpolarized light can exhibit optical activity and chiral light-matter interactions.
Article
Optics
Minkyung Kim, Dasol Lee, Junsuk Rho
Summary: This study proves that the spin Hall effect of light is independent of incident polarization and symmetrical in shift when the two linear polarization states have the same Fresnel coefficients. Under unpolarized incidence, the reflected beam is split into two circularly polarized components that undergo the same amount of splitting in opposite directions.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Chao Shi, Jicheng Li, Pei-Lin Yin, Wenbao Jia
Summary: We study the leading-twist unpolarized generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of light and heavy vector mesons, i.e., the rho, J/psi, and Upsilon, at zero skewness. An ansatz incorporating the zero-mode contribution is introduced to modify the light front overlap representation of GPDs. The leading Fock-state light front wave functions of vector mesons from Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations approach are then employed to study the meson GPDs. The light front spatial distribution of valence quarks within vector mesons is then studied with the impact parameter dependent GPD. We also investigate the electromagnetic and gravitational form factors, which are the first and second Mellin moments of the GPDs. The light-cone mass radius of rho is determined to be 0.30 fm, close to a recent Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model prediction of 0.32 fm. For J/psi and Upsilon, they are predicted to be 0.151 fm and 0.089 fm respectively.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kai-bao Chen, Zuo-tang Liang, Yu-kun Song, Shu-yi Wei
Summary: We systematically study the polarization of Lambda hyperons in unpolarized lepton-induced semi-inclusive reactions. The general form of cross sections is derived in terms of structure functions. The study shows that Lambda hyperons can be polarized in three orthogonal directions. By studying the longitudinal and transverse polarizations, the corresponding fragmentation functions can be extracted. The results have implications for future experimental measurements.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liang Peng, Hang Ren, Ya-Chao Liu, Tian-Wei Lan, Kui-Wen Xu, De-Xin Ye, Hong-Bo Sun, Su Xu, Hong-Sheng Chen, Shuang Zhang
Summary: Researchers have discovered a transversely spinning light-induced spin Hall effect on the interface of a metamaterial, leading to beam shift. This unconventional effect, with geometrodynamical nature, can be controlled through the orientation of the photons' spin and provides a previously unexplored mechanism for manipulating light-matter interactions at interfaces.
Article
Optics
Sara Restuccia, Graham M. Gibson, Leroy Cronin, Miles J. Padgett
Summary: This study demonstrates the measurement of optical activity in a sample using an unpolarized light source, with the help of a polarization-entangled photon source. This approach allows for low light measurement and the analysis of samples that may be perturbed by polarized light.
Article
Optics
Wenjia Li, Haoran Li, Zhaoqi Jiang, Wenxia Xu, Yang Gao, Shutian Liu, Zheng Zhu, Chunying Guan, Jinhui Shi, Jianlong Liu
Summary: This study reveals that unpolarized light not only acquires a definite spin state after scattering but also induces lateral separation of scattered light with opposite chiralities. The spin-locked scattering of unpolarized light arises from the magnetoelectric coupling of the scatterer. Additionally, the spin-locked scattering for arbitrary linearly polarized light is investigated and compared with that of unpolarized light.
Article
Optics
Zhuo Wang, Yao Liang, Jiaqi Qu, Mu Ku Chen, Mingjie Cui, Zhi Cheng, Jingcheng Zhang, Jin Yao, Shufan Chen, Din Ping Tsai, Changyuan Yu
Summary: This study demonstrates the precise control of light-matter interaction through plasmonic resonances empowered by bound states in the continuum (BICs). By exploiting BICs in the parameter space, sharp resonances with ultra-weak angular dispersion effect and polarization-independent performance are achieved on symmetric plasmonic metasurfaces. These results provide a way to achieve efficient near-field enhancement using focused light produced by high numerical aperture objectives.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Edward Shuryak, Ismail Zahed
Summary: In this article, we discuss the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for unpolarized hadrons, as a continuation of our recent work on hadronic structure on the light front. We analyze the unpolarized GPDs for the light nucleon and delta as well as generic mesons using the lowest Fock states. The GPDs are used to reconstruct the charge and gravitational form factors, and their relative sizes are discussed. The results are compared to reported QCD lattice results.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Damenraj Rajkumar, Rainer Kunnemeyer, Harpreet Kaur, Jevon Longdell, Andrew McGlone
Summary: Near infrared spectroscopy is a useful tool for predicting the internal qualities of fruits. In this study, aquaphotomics was used to assess the spectral changes between linearly polarized and unpolarized light in yellow-fleshed kiwifruit. The results showed that linearly polarized light activated more free water states, while unpolarized light activated more bound water states. Additionally, the fruit's soluble solids content did not contribute to the observed spectral features.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
H. Nematollahi
Summary: We investigate the transverse-momentum dependence of sea quark asymmetries in helium and deuteron nuclei. We calculate the nuclear sea quark distributions using the modified chiral quark exchange formalism and the covariant parton model. We obtain the TMD quarkantiquark asymmetry of the strange sea for He-3 and deuteron, and also (d(-) - u(-)) asymmetry for He-3.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Marius Constantin Chirita Mihaila, Philipp Weber, Matthias Schneller, Lucas Grandits, Stefan Nimmrichter, Thomas Juffmann
Summary: This study demonstrates for the first time programmable transverse electron-beam shaping in free space based on ponderomotive potentials from short intense laser pulses. Both convex and concave electron lenses with a similar focal length to state-of-the-art electron microscopes can be realized, and almost arbitrary deflection patterns can be achieved by shaping the ponderomotive potentials using a spatial light modulator.
Article
Optics
Akira Matsumori, Hiroshi Sugimoto, Minoru Fujii
Summary: A nanoantenna that can direct light to a specific direction is crucial in various applications in nanophotonics. By controlling the interference between electric and magnetic multipolar modes, directional light scattering by a nanoantenna can be achieved. This study demonstrates both theoretically and experimentally that a small perturbation, such as a notch, on a Mie resonant silicon nanosphere (Si NS) can result in a unique structure that exhibits unidirectional transverse light scattering in the visible range. The mechanism and the generation of a large transverse optical force by a notched Si NS are discussed.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jun Sun, Yong-Nan Sun
Summary: This study proposes a hypothesis that the atom wave function may provide transverse confinement to photons, affecting their mean recoil momentum. By establishing a model to analyze the effective wave vector of photons in a monochromatic optical field, the relative shift of the photon absorption by an atom with a 3D Gaussian wave function in a Gaussian beam can be calculated. This shift may lead to systematic effects related to the spatial distribution of atoms and the transverse beam profile in high-precision atom interferometry experiments.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tengfang Kuang, Ran Huang, Wei Xiong, Yunlan Zuo, Xiang Han, Franco Nori, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Hui Luo, Hui Jing, Guangzong Xiao
Summary: Recently, a phonon laser based on dispersive optomechanical coupling has been demonstrated. This laser device allows flexible control of large-mass objects and reduces noise in high vacuum. However, achieving phonon lasing with micro-scale objects is still challenging.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Li-Bao Fan, Chuan-Cun Shu, Daoyi Dong, Jun He, Niels E. Henriksen, Franco Nori
Summary: We present a combined analytical and numerical study for coherent terahertz control of a single molecular polariton. We derive an analytical solution of a pulse-driven quantum Jaynes-Cummings model to achieve complete quantum coherent control of the polariton. This study offers a new strategy to study rotational dynamics in the strong-coupling regime and has direct applications in polariton chemistry and molecular polaritonics.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Oleh V. Ivakhnenko, Sergey N. Shevchenko, Franco Nori
Summary: This article systematically studies various aspects of LZSM physics and reviews the relevant literature, significantly expanding on the previous review article. The interfernce between transitions in LZSM has recently become accessible, controllable, and useful for manipulating a growing number of quantum systems.
PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ievgen I. I. Arkhipov, Adam Miranowicz, Fabrizio Minganti, Sahin K. Ozdemir, Franco Nori
Summary: Nontrivial spectral properties of non-Hermitian systems can lead to intriguing effects, such as controlled asymmetric-symmetric mode switching in a two-mode photonic system by dynamically winding around an exceptional point (EP). However, for multimode systems with higher-order EPs or multiple low-order EPs, controlling asymmetric-symmetric mode switching can be impeded due to the breakdown of adiabaticity. In this work, we demonstrate that this difficulty can be overcome by winding around exceptional curves by additionally crossing diabolic points. Our findings provide alternative routes for light manipulations in non-Hermitian photonic setups.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Midya Parto, Christian Leefmans, James Williams, Franco Nori, Alireza Marandi
Summary: The researchers demonstrate that photonic topological lattices with dissipative couplings can exhibit non-Abelian dynamics and geometric phases, contrasting with energy-conserving systems. Topology plays a central role in various fields, and its study has extended to open systems, leading to fascinating effects such as topological lasing and exceptional surfaces. They show that the geometric properties of Bloch eigenstates in dissipatively coupled lattices cannot be described by scalar Berry phases, unlike conservative Hamiltonians. This behavior is attributed to significant population exchanges among dissipation bands. The researchers provide theoretical and experimental evidence that such exchanges manifest as matrix-valued operators in Bloch dynamics, resulting in non-commuting pairs and non-Abelian dynamics in two-dimensional lattices.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Bin Cheng, Xiu-Hao Deng, Xiu Gu, Yu He, Guangchong Hu, Peihao Huang, Jun Li, Ben-Chuan Lin, Dawei Lu, Yao Lu, Chudan Qiu, Hui Wang, Tao Xin, Shi Yu, Man-Hong Yung, Junkai Zeng, Song Zhang, Youpeng Zhong, Xinhua Peng, Franco Nori, Dapeng Yu
Summary: In the past decade, quantum computers have made remarkable progress and achieved key milestones towards universal fault-tolerant quantum computers. Quantum hardware has become more integrated and architectural, surpassing the fault-tolerant threshold in controlling various physical systems. Quantum computation research has embraced industrialization and commercialization, shaping a vibrant environment that accelerates the development of this field, now in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era.
FRONTIERS OF PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongliang Zhang, Yeyang Sun, Junyi Huang, Bingjun Wu, Zhaoju Yang, Konstantin Y. Bliokh, Zhichao Ruan
Summary: This article reports the topologically robust generation of acoustic spatiotemporal vortex pulses using mirror-symmetry breaking meta-gratings, paving the way for exploring spatiotemporal structured waves in acoustics and beyond.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuai-Peng Wang, Alessandro Ridolfo, Tiefu Li, Salvatore Savasta, Franco Nori, Y. Nakamura, J. Q. You
Summary: Hybrid quantum systems in the ultrastrong and deep-strong coupling regimes exhibit exotic physical phenomena and have potential applications in quantum technologies. In these nonperturbative regimes, a qubit-resonator system has an entangled quantum vacuum with virtual photons that cannot be directly detected. However, the vacuum field can induce symmetry breaking of a dispersively coupled probe qubit. Wang et al. experimentally observe parity symmetry breaking in a probe qubit coupled to a deep-strongly coupled resonator, providing a way to explore novel quantum-vacuum effects.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. L. Rakhmanov, A. Rozhkov, A. O. Sboychakov, Franco Nori
Summary: We argue theoretically that electron-electron coupling in doped AB bilayer graphene can lead to the spontaneous formation of fractional metal phases. These states, which are generalizations of a more common half-metal, have a fully polarized Fermi surface in terms of both spin-related quantum number and valley index. Our proposed mechanism suggests that undoped bilayer graphene is a spin-density-wave insulator and upon doping, transitions to fractional metal phases occur. Our findings are consistent with recent experiments on doped AB bilayer graphene that observed phase transitions between different isospin states.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zi-Yong Ge, Franco Nori
Summary: We study a spin-1/2 fermion chain coupled to a Z2 gauge field and analyze the effects of electric fields on low-energy excitations. In the half-filling case, the system remains a Mott insulator despite the presence of electric fields. For hole-doped systems, holes are confined under nonzero electric fields, leading to the formation of hole-pair bound states. These bound states significantly influence superconductivity, demonstrating the emergence of attractive interactions between bond-singlet Cooper pairs. Furthermore, lattice fermion confinement induced by electric fields enhances the superconducting instability. Our findings provide insights into unconventional superconductivity in Z2 lattice gauge theories and have implications for experimental investigation in quantum simulators.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Enrico Russo, Alberto Mercurio, Fabio Mauceri, Rosario Lo Franco, Franco Nori, Salvatore Savasta, Vincenzo Macri
Summary: The study finds that, within currently available experimental parameters, there is photon-pair hopping between two cavities separated by a vibrating two-sided perfect mirror. This hopping is not due to tunneling, but rather to higher-order resonant processes. This discovery opens up the possibility to investigate a new mechanism of photon-pair propagation in optomechanical lattices.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Optics
Tenzan Araki, Franco Nori, Clemens Gneiting
Summary: The theory of optimal quantum control plays a vital role in the design and development of quantum technologies by identifying control Hamiltonians that efficiently produce desired target states. However, control pulses are often sensitive to small perturbations, making it difficult to deploy them reliably in experiments. Robust quantum control aims to find control pulses that can reproduce target states even in the presence of perturbations. In this study, we propose a method based on disorder-dressed evolution equations to identify robust control pulses, which capture the effect of perturbations through quantum master equations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in several single-qubit control tasks using a modified version of Krotov's method.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Neill Lambert, Tarun Raheja, Simon Cross, Paul Menczel, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Alexander Pitchford, Daniel Burgarth, Franco Nori
Summary: The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) method is a powerful numerical approach to solve the dynamics and find the steady-state of a quantum system coupled to a non-Markovian and nonperturbative environment. It has been applied to various areas including physical chemistry, solid-state physics, optics, single-molecule electronics, and biological physics. We present a numerical library in Python that implements the HEOM for both bosonic and fermionic environments, integrated with the QuTiP platform. Rating: 8/10.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Kuan-Yi Lee, Jhen-Dong Lin, Adam Miranowicz, Franco Nori, Huan-Yu Ku, Yueh-Nan Chen
Summary: Quantum steering is a significant correlation in quantum information theory and has been found to be useful for quantum metrology. This study extends the exploration of steering-enhanced quantum metrology from single noiseless phase shifts to superpositions of noisy phase shifts. Experimental results demonstrate that utilizing superpositions of noisy phase shifts can effectively suppress noise effects and improve metrology.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Masaki Tezuka, Onur Oktay, Enrico Rinaldi, Masanori Hanada, Franco Nori
Summary: The sparse version of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model reduces the number of disorder parameters while reproducing essential features of the original model. In this Research Letter, a further simplification called the binary-coupling sparse SYK model is proposed. This model sets the nonzero couplings to be +/- 1 instead of sampling from a continuous distribution. Remarkably, this simplification improves the model's performance in terms of exhibiting strong correlations in the spectrum and efficiently achieving random-matrix universality with fewer nonzero terms. Due to its simplicity and scaling properties, this model is better suited for quantum simulations of chaotic behavior and holographic metals.
