Journal
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 58, Issue 5, Pages 2407-2422Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02227-3
Keywords
Neuroinflammation; LPS preconditioning; Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4); Apoptosis; Neuroprotection
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Funding
- High Impact Research (HIR) [UM.C/625/1/HIR/172, PG123-2014B]
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Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases, and recent studies have shown that LPS preconditioning provides neuroprotection by activating TLR4. Pre-exposure to low dose of LPS can confer a protective state against cellular apoptosis, indicating a role for TLR4 pre-activation in the signaling pathway of LPS-induced neuroprotection.
Neuroinflammation, an inflammatory response within the nervous system, has been shown to be implicated in the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent in vivo studies showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning provides neuroprotection by activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), one of the members for pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family that play critical role in host response to tissue injury, infection, and inflammation. Pre-exposure to low dose of LPS could confer a protective state against cellular apoptosis following subsequent stimulation with LPS at higher concentration, suggesting a role for TLR4 pre-activation in the signaling pathway of LPS-induced neuroprotection. However, the precise molecular mechanism associated with this protective effect is not well understood. In this article, we provide an overall review of the current state of our knowledge about LPS preconditioning in attenuating apoptosis mechanism and conferring neuroprotection via TLR4 signaling pathway.
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