Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tao Ge, Jin-Dong He, Liang Xu, Yan-Hang Xiong, Ling Wang, Xiao-Wei Zhou, Yong-Pan Tian, Zhuo Zhao
Summary: Platinum (Pt) is a critical raw material for automotive catalytic converters due to its high-temperature stability, corrosion resistance, and catalytic activity. However, its limited primary resources and uneven distribution make it difficult to meet the growing demand. Spent automotive catalyst (SAC) is currently the most important secondary resource of platinum, with a higher platinum content than primary sources. This paper provides an overview of the technologies for platinum recovery from SAC, with a focus on enrichment and refining processes based on hydrometallurgical techniques. Future directions for research and development in platinum recovery from SAC are also proposed.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Yuxuan Wei, Dong Li, Jinxi Qiao, Xueyi Guo
Summary: The recovery and utilization of spent oxide SCR denitration catalysts are important for both economy and environment. Current recovery methods can be divided into hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Vanadium is easier to extract, selective extraction of tungsten is more difficult, and titanium is mainly left in the slag and then purified. Achieving full element recovery based on current technology is challenging. Future development should focus on multi-technology synergistic treatment and preparation of high value-added products.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhu Huang, Dawei Yu, Brian Makuza, Qinghua Tian, Xueyi Guo, Kun Zhang
Summary: Hydrogen reduction is a promising method for recycling lithium-ion battery cathode materials, but its reaction mechanism and kinetics remain unclear. This study conducted experiments to evaluate the temperature dependence of hydrogen reduction kinetics and characterized the reduction products using XRD and SEM. The results showed that hydrogen reduction could be divided into three stages and the temperature had a significant impact on the reduction rate.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sen Dang, Wei Hou, Yulin Min, Junfeng Wu, Qunjie Xu, Penghui Shi
Summary: This study proposes a dual-function electro-oxidation strategy that can selectively recover Li+ from spent lithium-ion batteries and improve the catalytic performance of delithiation materials.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Elena Romanovskaia, Valentin Romanovski, Witold Kwapinski, Irina Kurilo
Summary: The study focused on extracting vanadium from spent vanadium catalysts of sulfuric acid production through a two-step leaching process, resulting in a V2O5 product with a purity of 85-87 wt%. The highest vanadium extraction yield achieved was 98 wt% through oxidizing of leaching solutions by 30 wt% (NH4)2S2O8.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fupeng Liu, Chao Peng, Quanxin Ma, Jinliang Wang, Songlin Zhou, Zaoming Chen, Benjamin P. Wilson, Mari Lundstrom
Summary: The newly developed hydrogen reduction-based process offers a simpler, more efficient, and environmentally friendly method for recovering valuable metals from spent LIBs, allowing for the production of high purity LiOH center dot H2O products for the preparation of high nickel battery cathode materials.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fengyin Zhou, Xiangyun Li, Shiyu Wang, Xin Qu, Jingjing Zhao, Dihua Wang, Zhiliang Chen, Huayi Yin
Summary: The development of recycling technologies for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can effectively alleviate environmental pressure and conserve metal resources. A win-win strategy for pyrolysis gas reduction by lignocellulosic biomass is proposed, ensuring gas-induced reduction by spatial isolation of biomass and lithium transition metal oxides (LiTMOX (TM = Ni, Co, Mn)). The method provides high lithium recovery efficiency and purity, and is applicable to different types of spent batteries.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Adroit T. N. Fajar, Takafumi Hanada, Masahiro Goto
Summary: This study evaluated the recovery of Pt, Pd, and Rh from spent automotive catalysts using polymer inclusion membranes containing an ionic liquid. It was found that the isotropic dense membrane showed high purity recovery of Pt and Pd, while the anisotropic porous membrane recovered Pt, Pd, and Rh with faster transport kinetics. Both membrane types demonstrated excellent durability even after exposure to various harsh chemicals for 10 days.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yijun Cao, Junfan Yuan, Hao Du, David Dreisinger, Meng Li
Summary: This study aims to develop a clean, green, and economical method for the recovery of valuable metals and regeneration of spent SCR catalysts. The leaching process and mechanism were investigated, and the raw material and residue were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, XPS, and Raman analysis to obtain ammonium paratungstate (APT) and vanadium pentoxide. The stable crystal structure of the leaching residue serves as a carrier for the regenerated catalyst, introducing a new perspective for the efficient and comprehensive usage of the spent SCR catalyst.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman, Norasikin Othman, Norela Jusoh, Norul Fatiha Mohamed Noah, Roslina Rashid, Syed Mohd Saufi
Summary: Synergistic reactive extraction of platinum (IV) was conducted using TBP and Cyanex 302, with the highest extraction efficiency achieved when using a mixture of 0.05 M Cyanex 302 + 0.05 M TBP. Through the synergism system, the concentration of extractants can be reduced by 50% while maintaining a productive extraction process. Additionally, platinum (IV) can be successfully recovered using thiourea in hydrochloric acid.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wenhao Yu, Yingchao Zhang, Jiehui Hu, Jiahui Zhou, Zhen Shang, Xia Zhou, Shengming Xu
Summary: A controlled carbothermic reduction followed by self-redox leaching process was developed for stepwise recovery of metals from spent NCM battery. The phase of the product could be precisely regulated by controlling temperature and graphite dosage. Under optimized conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, and Co reached remarkable levels, while Mn mostly existed in the form of a solid phase with low leaching efficiency.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tahereh Rostami, Behnam Khoshandam, Samane Maroufi
Summary: This paper presents an efficient technique for recycling end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to recover metals. The carbothermal process is used to isolate lithium in solid lithium carbonate, followed by dissolution in cold water and a second carbothermal reduction to obtain high purity metals.
MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhiming Yan, Anwar Sattar, Zushu Li
Summary: This study presents an improved method for lithium recovery from Li(NixMnyCo1-x-y)O2 cathode materials, combining carbothermal reduction and water leaching. The reduction products at different temperatures are clarified, and the effects of various factors on lithium leaching efficiency are analyzed. The results show that the improved lithium extraction process can effectively recover over 93% of lithium with a purity greater than 99.5%. Additionally, the effect of aluminium and copper impurities on the lithium recovery rate is investigated.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fei Xie, Chenchen Wang, Yue Sun, Youqi Fan, Zhuo Zhao, Yonglin Yao
Summary: A new promising process based on hydrogen reduction was theoretically studied in this research, which can convert lithium ions in cathode materials to soluble LiOH and reduce high valence transition metals to low valence states simultaneously. The reduction products have core-shell and porous structures with high solubility, allowing easy leaching of LiOH into water. This environmentally friendly recovery technology has great applied prospects for industrial production.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Salman Karim, Yen-Peng Ting
Summary: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of sequential pretreatment and bioleaching for enhanced biorecovery of platinum group metals (PGM) from spent automotive catalyst (SAC). The optimization of pretreatment and bioleaching parameters significantly improves the recovery efficiency of PGM.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sai Krishna Padamata, Andrey Yasinskiy, Aleksandr Shabanov, Timofey Bermeshev, You-jian Yang, Zhao-wen Wang, Dao Cao, Peter Polyakov
Summary: By studying the anodic behavior of Cu-Al-based anodes in KF-AlF3-Al2O3 melts, it was found that pre-oxidised anodes have a lower corrosion rate compared to those without pre-oxidation treatment.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sai Krishna Padamata, Andrey Yasinskiy, Valentin Yanov, Gudrun Saevarsdottir
Summary: Surface coatings can improve the properties of substrate materials and prolong their lifespan. HEA-based materials have been widely studied as coating materials due to their superior hardness, oxidation and corrosion resistance, diffusion barrier properties, and wear resistance. Magnetron sputtering is considered an efficient method for depositing HEA-based thin films.
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Sai Krishna Padamata, Andrey Yasinskiy, Srecko Stopic, Bernd Friedrich
Summary: Fluorinated carbon materials are widely used due to their versatile properties. Fluorinated graphene, with its 2-D structure, high hydrophobicity, wide bandgap and unique C-F bonding, has received great attention from researchers. This review provides an overview of the fluorination methods for various carbon materials and focuses on the fluorination of graphene. The effects of F/C ratio and the type of C-F bond on the properties of fluorinated graphene are discussed.
JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Kristjan Leosson, Sai Krishna Padamata, Rauan Meirbekova, Gudrun Saevarsdottir, Sveinn Hinrik Gudmundsson
Summary: In this study, Ti concentration in dilute Al-Ti alloys was measured using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The LIBS analysis accurately detected dissolved Ti concentration in the melt and revealed the formation and dissolution process of the Al3Ti phase with temperature changes in real time.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
A. A. Drizhenko, S. Datsyura, A. S. Yasinsky
Summary: The article discusses the main errors in the method of calculating anode paste consumption in Russian aluminum smelters and provides recommendations for improvement. The calculation results can significantly differ from the actual values due to changes in constants during electrolysis. The occurrence of anode effects and high ambient temperatures have significant impacts on anode paste consumption. Additionally, the quality of the anode and equipment wear can also affect paste consumption.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF NON-FERROUS METALS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Roman Kuzmich, Alena Stupina, Andrey Yasinskiy, Mariia Pokushko, Roman Tsarev, Ivan Boubriak
Summary: The study discusses the classification of observations in medical prediction and diagnostics using intelligent information systems. It proposes obtaining informative patterns and creating a classifier with high generalizing ability. The study develops three optimization models and two algorithmic procedures, and experimental studies prove the effectiveness of these methods.
Review
Electrochemistry
Sai Krishna Padamata, Kamaljeet Singh, Geir Martin Haarberg, Gudrun Saevarsdottir
Summary: Carbon-free aluminium production has been a goal for aluminium industries due to environmental and economic concerns. Research has been conducted to find an inert anode material that could replace consumable carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis. Metal alloys have proven effective due to their resistance to high-temperature corrosion and ability to produce a protective oxide layer. This review discusses the research progress on inert anodes, wettable cathodes, and electrolytes.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Gudrun Saevarsdottir, Geir Martin Haarberg, Milane Bourmaud, Kamaljeet Singh, Sai Krishna Padamata
Summary: The anodic behaviour of Ni42Fe38Cu20 alloy in different electrolyte compositions was examined using various electrochemical techniques. The results showed that electrolytes with a molar ratio of (NaF+KF)/AlF3 = 1.4 exhibited a significantly lower anodic overpotential compared to electrolytes with a ratio of 1.3. The stability of the anode was maintained in electrolytes with a CR = 1.4 and KR = 0.3 or CR = 1.4 and KR = 0.35. The study also investigated the effects of pre-oxidation and consistent polarization on the anode performance.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. V. Bermeshev, V. P. Zhereb, M. P. Bundin, A. N. Zaloga, A. S. Yasinsky, O. V. Yushkova, D. S. Voroshilov, E. Yu. Podshibyakina, I. Yu. Gubanov, E. V. Mazurova, A. B. Nabiulin, V. P. Chentsov, V. V. Ryabov, O. V. Yakivyuk
Summary: This study investigates the cooling process of a melt with the composition Bi2O3·SiO2 and the metastable phase Bi2SiO5 using computer simulation with ProCAST software. The calculated cooling rate is found to be in good agreement with experimental data, confirming the validity of the assumptions made in our simulations.
INORGANIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. Bermeshev, V. P. Zhereb, M. P. Bundin, A. S. Yasinsky, O. Yushkova, D. S. Voroshilov, A. S. Samoilo, E. Mazurova, A. N. Zaloga, O. Yakivyuk, V. M. Bespalov
Summary: In this study, the effect of isothermal holding and various cooling rates on the morphology, microstructure, and phase composition of a metastable solid solution based on the high-temperature delta-polymorph of Bi2O3 was investigated. The results show that high-temperature holding promotes melt supercooling and crystallization of the delta*-phase. The study also reveals the peritectoid decomposition of the delta*-phase at subsolidus temperatures.
INORGANIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. V. Bermeshev, V. P. Zhereb, M. P. Bundin, O. V. Yushkova, A. S. Yasinsky, D. S. Voroshilov, V. M. Bespalov, A. N. Zaloga, E. Yu. Podshibyakina, O. V. Yakivyuk, E. V. Mazurova
Summary: The influence of heat treatment, cooling temperature, and cooling rate on the phase composition and structure of solid phases during crystallization was studied. The role of platinum in the formation of metastable states was also considered. It was found that the heat treatment and interaction with platinum oxides are crucial factors in determining the phase composition. The cooling rate affects the formation of different phases or glass.
INORGANIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Electrochemistry
Andrey Yasinskiy, Aleksandr Shimanskii, Vladimir Losev, Olga Buyko, Yakov Kazantsev, Nataliya Simonova
Summary: This study demonstrates new evidence of the presence of germanium and gallium in waste from the Hall-Heroult process and proposes a method for their extraction. After treatment, the concentration of trace elements in carbon dust is significantly increased, with gallium accumulating in the ash through combustion while germanium is distributed between the ash and the sublimates from combustion.