Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
Volume 124, Issue 50, Pages 27333-27339Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c08193
Keywords
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Funding
- Czech Science Foundation [17-26041Y]
- Operational Programme Research, Development, and Education - European Structural and Investment Funds
- Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000760.SOLID21]
- Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (CzechNanoLab Research Infrastructure) [LM2018110]
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [OSR-CARF URF/1/3079-33-01]
- Charles University Research Centre [UNCE/SCI/010]
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Metal-halide perovskites feature very low deep-defect densities, thereby enabling high operating voltages at the solar cell level. Here, by precise extraction of their absorption spectra, we find that the low deep-defect density is unaffected when cations such as Cs+ and Rb+ are added during the perovskite synthesis. By comparing single crystals and polycrystalline thin films of methylammonium lead iodide/bromide, we find these defects to be predominantly localized at surfaces and grain boundaries. Furthermore, generally, for the most important photovoltaic materials, we demonstrate a strong correlation between their Urbach energy and open-circuit voltage deficiency at the solar cell level. Through external quantum yield photoluminescence efficiency measurements, we explain these results as a consequence of nonradiative open-circuit voltage losses in the solar cell. Finally, we define practical power conversion efficiency limits of solar cells by taking into account the Urbach energy.
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