Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuri Haneishi, Yuma Furuya, Mayu Hasegawa, Antonio Picarelli, Mauro Rossi, Junki Miyamoto
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a rapidly increasing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Recent research suggests that factors such as genetics, environment, microbiota, and immune responses are involved in its development, but the underlying causes are unclear. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota, particularly a decrease in specific genera, has been identified as a possible trigger for IBD. Improving gut microbiota and identifying specific bacterial species are crucial for understanding and treating IBD and autoimmune diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Peng Qiu, Takatsugu Ishimoto, Lingfeng Fu, Jun Zhang, Zhenyong Zhang, Yang Liu
Summary: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and intestinal microorganisms play a key role in the development and maintenance of these diseases. However, the specific causes of IBD are still unclear, and it is unknown whether a single transmissible agent is involved. Changes in the bacterial communities in the gut may be due to inflammatory reactions and tissue destruction, rather than causing the disease itself. Antibiotic therapy has generally been ineffective in treating IBD, but recent studies suggest that manipulating the gut microbiota and interacting with the gut immune system through probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may hold potential in controlling these diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Markus F. Neurath, Michael Vieth
Summary: Mucosal healing is an important prognostic factor in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It can predict clinical remission and resection-free survival. There are two levels of mucosal healing: endoscopic healing and histological healing. Drug therapies and new techniques can have an impact on mucosal healing, but cannot provide a definitive cure.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yongjia Hu, Zhouzhou Chen, Chengchen Xu, Shidong Kan, Daijie Chen
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease whose pathogenesis is still unclear. Disturbances in the gut microbiota are associated with IBD, and probiotics may have beneficial effects on IBD but face challenges in application.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Femke Crouwel, Hans J. C. Buiter, Nanne K. de Boer
Summary: This study reviewed the literature on microbial drug metabolism of medication prescribed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) practice, finding that gut microbiota can influence the metabolism of specific drugs used for IBD. The impact includes cleaving azo-bonds, metabolization of methotrexate, and conversion of thioguanine by intestinal bacteria.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey, Sanhua Hang, Xinyi Yuan, Hua Qian, Mengjiao Zhou, Chinasa Valerie Olovo, Xu Zhang, Fei Mao
Summary: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in integrating environmental inputs, genetics, and immune signals to affect the host's metabolism and immune response. Changes in gut bacteria have been shown to be linked to gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), suggesting the potential for improving IBD diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment through manipulating the gut microbiome. Advancements in sequencing techniques have allowed for a better understanding of the complexity of the gut microbial ecosystem, and current data shows promising results in predicting IBD compared to traditional biomarkers. This study reviews the differential potential of gut bacteria within IBD cohorts and between IBD and other gastrointestinal diseases.
Review
Microbiology
Sean L. Carlson, Liya Mathew, Michael Savage, Klaartje Kok, James O. Lindsay, Carol A. Munro, Neil E. Mccarthy
Summary: The gut microbiome, consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, plays a crucial role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Candida albicans, a common gut commensal and pathogenic fungus, has been extensively studied for its impact on the pathophysiology of IBD.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Megan Lynn Otte, Raju Lama Tamang, Julia Papapanagiotou, Rizwan Ahmad, Punita Dhawan, Amar B. Singh
Summary: Mucosal healing (MH) is crucial for maintaining gut health and preventing inflammatory diseases. However, disturbances in intestinal homeostasis can lead to autoimmune diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where the body's healing processes are impaired. Currently, there is a lack of effective therapies that can restore MH due to the complexity of the disease and healing processes. Developing therapeutics that enhance the body's healing response may offer potential strategies for treating IBD and promoting mucosal healing.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Julia Eckenberger, James C. Butler, Charles N. Bernstein, Fergus Shanahan, Marcus J. Claesson
Summary: The interaction between non-antibiotic drugs and the gut microbiome, as well as the effects of treatment on the composition of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, were investigated. The study found that treatments accounted for a relatively small proportion of the geographic contribution to microbiome variance between Irish and Canadian participants, but additive effects from multiple medications contributed significantly to microbiome differences between UC and CD.
Review
Immunology
Baoxiang Du, Yan Fu, Yuxiu Han, Qihui Sun, Jinke Xu, Yong Yang, Rong Rong
Summary: Both lung and gut are part of the common mucosal immune system (CMIS), which are defense organs against pathogens and involved in innate and adaptive immunity. There is increasing evidence of lung-gut crosstalk, where stimulation of one organ can affect the other, leading to complications and disturbances in both respiratory and intestinal diseases. The intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in these diseases, and imbalance in intestinal microbial composition can contribute to inflammation and disease persistence. This review summarizes the examples and possible mechanisms of lung-gut crosstalk in respiratory disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and discusses the potential of shaping the intestinal flora for treating respiratory diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ana Elisa Valencise Quaglio, Thais Gagno Grillo, Ellen Cristina Souza De Oliveira, Luiz Claudio Di Stasi, Ligia Yukie Sassaki
Summary: Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is closely associated with various gastrointestinal disorders such as IBS, IBD, and CRC, potentially leading to mucosal barrier disruption, chronic inflammation, and cancer progression. Specific harmful bacteria, like E. coli and ETBF, are linked to an increased risk of developing CRC.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eduardo J. Villablanca, Katja Selin, Charlotte R. H. Hedin
Summary: Current treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly focus on inhibiting inflammation, but the use of immunosuppressive therapy can lead to infectious and neoplastic diseases. Therefore, finding a way to achieve mucosal healing without immunosuppression is important. The lack of treatments that directly promote mucosal healing and regeneration in IBD may be due to a lack of understanding of the underlying pathways. Stem cells, growth factors, and organoid culture and stem cell therapy are potential novel mechanisms to restore barrier function in IBD.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcello Candelli, Laura Franza, Giulia Pignataro, Veronica Ojetti, Marcello Covino, Andrea Piccioni, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi
Summary: The article discusses the interaction between lipopolysaccharides (LPS), gut microbiota (GM), and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), indicating that the inflammatory reactions caused by LPS can directly impact the gut microbiota and immune system, leading to chronic inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Camilla Fiorindi, Edda Russo, Lucrezia Balocchini, Amedeo Amedei, Francesco Giudici
Summary: This article discusses the factors and management methods of inflammatory bowel disease, focusing on the impact of different dietary plans on gut microbiota and inflammation, aiming to better customize nutritional interventions.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dan Pu, Zhe Zhang, Baisui Feng
Summary: This review focuses on the changes in gut microbiota during biological therapy for IBD, summarizes the specific microbiota related to clinical efficacy, and compares predictive models for the efficacy of biologics. It suggests a new therapeutic strategy of combining FMT and biologics for improved efficacy in treating IBD.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Daniele Ferrarese, Giorgia Spagnolo, Michele Vecchione, Franco Scaldaferri, Alessandro Armuzzi, Daniela Chieffo, Daniela Belella, Claudia Petito, Antonio Mirijello, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Addolorato
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of PTSD and dissociative symptoms in IBD patients, and found that IBD patients are more likely to experience these symptoms compared to healthy controls. Additionally, it was observed that CD patients with more severe disease activity had higher levels of PTSD and dissociative symptoms.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Andrea Di Giorgio, Stefano Rotolo, Marco Cintoni, Emanuele Rinninella, Gabriele Pulcini, Carlo Alberto Schena, Federica Ferracci, Futura Grassi, Pauline Raoul, Rossana Moroni, Fabio Pacelli, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Cristina Mele
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of body composition on clinical outcomes in patients with peritoneal metastases. The study found a significant association between low skeletal muscle mass and postoperative complications, but no differences were found in terms of operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and postoperative mortality.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alessandro Vitale, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Alessio Ortolani, Monica Cucco, Giulio Dalla Riva, Edoardo G. Giannini, Fabio Piscaglia, Gianludovico Rapaccini, Mariella Di Marco, Eugenio Caturelli, Marco Zoli, Rodolfo Sacco, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Fabio Marra, Andrea Mega, Filomena Morisco, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Giuseppe Foschi, Gabriele Missale, Alberto Masotto, Gerardo Nardone, Giovanni Raimondo, Francesco Azzaroli, Gianpaolo Vidili, Filippo Oliveri, Filippo Pelizzaro, Rafael Ramirez Morales, Umberto Cillo, Franco Trevisani, Luca Miele, Giulio Marchesini, Fabio Farinati
Summary: This study compared patients with MAFLD and non-MAFLD who had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Italy. It found that the proportion of MAFLD in HCC patients was increasing over time and is expected to surpass non-MAFLD in the future. Despite a later cancer stage at diagnosis, MAFLD HCC patients had a lower risk of HCC-related death, suggesting reduced cancer aggressiveness.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Sara Deleu, Lihi Godny, Valentina Petito, Pierluigi Puca, Federica Facciotti, Harry Sokol, Gianluca Ianiro, Luca Masucci, Maria Abreu, Iris Dotan, Samuel Paul Costello, Ailsa Hart, Tariq H. Iqbal, Sudarshan Paramsothy, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Silvio Danese, Herbert Tilg, Fabio Cominelli, Theresa T. Pizarro, Alessandro Armuzzi, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Severine Vermeire, Franco Scaldaferri
Summary: An international panel of experts has generated evidence-based guidelines for the evaluation and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The guidelines provide specific statements and recommendations to promote FMT as a recognized strategy for the treatment of IBD.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Franco Scaldaferri, Antonio Maria D'Onofrio, Rosaria Calia, Federica Di Vincenzo, Gaspare Filippo Ferrajoli, Valentina Petito, Eleonora Maggio, Pia Clara Pafundi, Daniele Napolitano, Letizia Masi, Elisa Schiavoni, Caterina Fanali, Pierluigi Puca, Laura Turchini, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Federica Del Chierico, Lorenza Putignani, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Camardese
Summary: Psychiatric disorders are more common in patients with UC than in the general population. This study found a correlation between active UC, specific taxonomic gut microbiota signatures, and peculiar psychiatric distress, especially anxiety and depression.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucrezia Laterza, Lorenza Putignani, Carlo Romano Settanni, Valentina Petito, Simone Varca, Flavio De Maio, Gabriele Macari, Valerio Guarrasi, Elisa Gremese, Barbara Tolusso, Giulia Wlderk, Maria Antonia Pirro, Caterina Fanali, Franco Scaldaferri, Laura Turchini, Valeria Amatucci, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Antonio Gasbarrini
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of gut microbiota modulation for enhancing recovery after COVID-19. A pilot interventional study was conducted with twenty recently recovered COVID-19 patients to explore the impact of a mixed probiotic containing Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, and Streptococcus thermophilus on gastrointestinal symptoms, inflammation, intestinal barrier integrity, and gut microbiota profile. Various markers and computational algorithms were utilized to evaluate the outcomes before and after 8 weeks of probiotic supplementation. The results showed a significant reduction in inflammatory markers and an increase in Bifidobacteria at T-1, indicating potential anti-inflammatory effects and the influence of probiotics on gut microbiota composition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucrezia Laterza, Marco Napoli, Valentina Petito, Franco Scaldaferri, Eleonora Gaetani, Antonio Gasbarrini
Summary: This study evaluated the adherence to probiotic therapy in real-life and identified factors that influenced adherence. It found that 60% of patients took all the prescribed probiotic therapy and perceived benefits in more than 60% of cases. The main factors affecting adherence were the price of the product, mild adverse events, and poor appreciation of flavor.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Olga Maria Nardone, Giovanni Marasco, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Giammarco Mocci, Luca Pastorelli, Carlo Petruzzellis, Franco Scaldaferri
Summary: This study investigated the use of mesalazine in the clinical practice of young gastroenterologists. The results showed that there were significant differences in the use of mesalazine between non-dedicated and IBD physicians, especially in the management of moderate-severe ulcerative colitis. It was also observed that non-IBD physicians were less likely to prescribe mesalazine for colorectal cancer chemoprevention.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Valerio Papa, Tommaso Schepis, Gaetano Coppola, Michele Francesco Chiappetta, Livio Enrico Del Vecchio, Tommaso Rozera, Giuseppe Quero, Antonio Gasbarrini, Sergio Alfieri, Alfredo Papa
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a difficult-to-treat disease, and exploring the role of microbiota in its development and treatment holds promise for improving outcomes. The gut, pancreatic, and oral microbiota have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, and changes in these microbiota can potentially be used for early diagnosis and predicting treatment response. Further research is needed to increase the available data in this promising area.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Angelo Del Gaudio, Federica Di Vincenzo, Valentina Petito, Maria Cristina Giustiniani, Antonio Gasbarrini, Franco Scaldaferri, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
Summary: Immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) are a significant side effect arising from the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with checkpoint inhibitor colitis being the most widely reported IRAE. This review comprehensively discusses the current evidence regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of ICIs-induced colitis, including innovative therapies.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Irene Mignini, Rossella Maresca, Maria Elena Ainora, Luigi Larosa, Franco Scaldaferri, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Assunta Zocco
Summary: Therapeutic options for IBD have expanded, but choosing the best treatment for each patient is still a challenge. Early prediction of response to biological drugs is important for optimizing therapeutic strategies. Recent research has focused on imaging techniques to identify predictive markers of response to biologic therapies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Federica Di Vincenzo, Ylenia Yadid, Valentina Petito, Valeria Emoli, Letizia Masi, Daniela Gerovska, Marcos Jesus Arauzo-Bravo, Antonio Gasbarrini, Birgitte Regenberg, Franco Scaldaferri
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), are chronic disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology and pathogenesis of IBD are still unknown, but recent studies suggest a potential role of cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs) and extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) in IBD. This review aims to collect and summarize available knowledge on cfDNAs, eccDNA, and their involvement in the pathogenesis of IBD. Potential molecular therapies and drug delivery systems for IBD treatment, such as nanoparticles, are also discussed.
Article
Microbiology
Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Lucrezia Laterza, Valentina Petito, Silvia Pecere, Gianluca Quaranta, Federica Del Chierico, Pierluigi Puca, Elisa Schiavoni, Daniele Napolitano, Andrea Poscia, Gianluca Ianiro, Daniela Pugliese, Lorenza Putignani, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Alessandro Armuzzi, Luca Masucci, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Cammarota, Franco Scaldaferri
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy for patients with cervical spondylosis. The results showed that patients who received exercise therapy had significantly better pain levels, functional recovery, and quality of life compared to those who received traditional treatment.
