Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Qichen Shen, Zhuizui Huang, Lingyan Ma, Jiachen Yao, Ting Luo, Yao Zhao, Yingping Xiao, Yuanxiang Jin
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease without a cure, and disruption of the microbial ecosystem is considered a major cause. This study investigated the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and membrane vesicles (MVs) in host-microbe interactions in colitis. The researchers found that miR-181b-5p transplantation inhibited inflammation and promoted macrophage polarization, while miR-200b-3p regulated the microbiota composition and contributed to intestinal barrier integrity. MVs from feces and BMVs from colitis also had similar effects. These findings provide new insights and potential treatment strategies for colitis.
Article
Cell Biology
Helena Sork, Mariana Conceicao, Giulia Corso, Joel Nordin, Yi Xin Fiona Lee, Kaarel Krjutskov, Jakub Orzechowski Westholm, Pieter Vader, Marie Pauwels, Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke, Matthew J. A. Wood, Samir EL Andaloussi, Imre Mager
Summary: The study found that most miRNAs were secreted in the non-EV fraction, with over 96% of total miRNA found in non-EVs. Despite containing only a fraction of the secreted miRNAs, EVs were stable at 37 degrees Celsius in a serum-containing environment.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kasun Godakumara, James Ord, Freddy Lattekivi, Keerthie Dissanayake, Janeli Viil, Nageswara Rao Boggavarapu, Omid R. Faridani, Kersti Jaager, Agne Velthut-Meikas, Ulle Jaakma, Andres Salumets, Alireza Fazeli
Summary: The study demonstrates that trophoblast-derived EVs have the capability to modify the gene expression of endometrial cells, particularly in the aspects of extracellular matrix remodeling and G protein-coupled receptors signaling. These alterations may play a significant role in embryo-maternal communication during implantation.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Makarova, Diana Maltseva, Alexander Tonevitsky
Summary: This mini review discusses the progress of extracellular RNA (exRNA) research, with a focus on exRNA carriers. The key methodological challenges are analyzed, and recommendations on how to overcome them are provided.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Riccardo Vago, Giorgia Radano, Davide Zocco, Natasa Zarovni
Summary: Urine is an ideal source of non-invasive diagnostic markers, however, issues such as urine concentration variability and biases introduced in urine EV analysis restrict its full potential. This study evaluated methods to decrease biases and found that appropriate urine storage, optimal single-step EV purification method, and normalization method can enable accurate analysis of urine EV RNA.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Xuan Luo, Renee Jean-Toussaint, Ahmet Sacan, Seena K. Ajit
Summary: Differences in the molecular composition of sEVs released by primary neurons and astrocytes were observed, with neurons expressing more sEV-associated miRNAs than astrocytes. Only 20.7% of astrocytic miRNAs were loaded into sEVs, while 41.0% of neuronal miRNAs were loaded into sEVs, suggesting variations in cellular sorting mechanisms. Short RNA sequence motifs were identified on the differentially loaded or excluded miRNAs in sEVs, indicating a potential cell-type-independent mechanism for maintaining cellular miRNAs.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mara D. Saenz-de-Juano, Giulia Silvestrelli, Susanne E. Ulbrich
Summary: The concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo in milk fluctuates throughout the day, while other milk components change during milking sessions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kevin M. Buck, David S. Roberts, Timothy J. Aballo, David R. Inman, Song Jin, Suzanne Ponik, Kyle A. Brown, Ying Ge
Summary: The one-pot exosome proteomics method using a photocleavable surfactant Azo simplifies exosomal lysis, protein extraction, and digestion, enabling fast, simple, and effective exosomal proteomics research with broad applications.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Paola Monti, Giulia Solazzo, Valentina Bollati
Summary: Environmental and lifestyle exposures have a significant impact on cancer risk, but the biological mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in intercellular communication by delivering ncRNAs that regulate various cancer-related processes. Changes in EV ncRNA due to environmental stimuli may affect the interaction between malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the role of EV ncRNAs at the interface between external factors and cancer, focusing on the effects of smoking, pollution, diet, exercise, and electromagnetic radiation.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yangyang Li, Jian Zhang, Sha Li, Chongye Guo, Qian Li, Xin Zhang, Meng Li, Shuangli Mi
Summary: In this study, a loading pathway of batched tumor-promoting sEV-miRNAs in NSCLC cell line A549 was comprehensively illustrated, with hnRNPA1 identified as a key loading protein and CAV1 demonstrated to assist in sEV-miRNA loading. This loading mechanism sheds light on potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yujie Ning, Feiyu Zhang, Shujin Li, Chaowei Wang, Yifan Wu, Sijie Chen, Yanli Liu, Feihong Chen, Xiong Guo, Xi Wang, Hongmou Zhao
Summary: This study investigates the role of extracellular vesicular miRNAs in knee osteoarthritis and identifies differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes. The findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of cartilage injury and knee osteoarthritis.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Steven Kopcho, Marina McDew-White, Wasifa Naushad, Mahesh Mohan, Chioma M. Okeoma
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the composition of circulating exmiRNAs and their association with extracellular particles, such as EVs and ECs, using sRNA sequencing. The study also found that SIV infection can alter the miRNA profile of EVs and suggested that miR-128-3p may be a potential target of HIV/SIV. This research has important implications for the development of biomarker approaches for various diseases based on the analysis of circulating exmiRNAs.
Article
Oncology
Jolene Chisholm, Sandor Haas-Neill, Peter Margetts, Khalid Al-Nedawi
Summary: Prostate cancer (PC) is a major cause of death in men, and current biomarker tests have limitations in accurately diagnosing the disease. This study examined the protein, mRNA, and miRNA content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) collected from PC patients and healthy subjects. The analysis revealed distinct groups of proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs that differed between healthy subjects and PC patients, as well as between different tumor types. These findings suggest potential molecular markers for diagnosing PC.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Lina Tingo, Emelie Ahlberg, Lovisa Johansson, Sindre Andre Pedersen, Konika Chawla, Pal Saetrom, Erika Cione, Melanie Rae Simpson
Summary: Breast milk contains a variety of RNA types, including miRNAs, with some miRNAs being widely reported across different fractions. It is currently challenging to determine which factors influence the characteristics of the miRNA profile, but studies suggest that certain miRNAs are highly expressed and stable in breast milk. Future research needs to further explore the biological effects of miRNAs in breast milk and characterize other ncRNAs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabian Kern, Thomas Kuhn, Nicole Ludwig, Martin Simon, Laura Groeger, Natalie Fabis, Ernesto Aparicio-Puerta, Abdulrahman Salhab, Tobias Fehlmann, Oliver Hahn, Annika Engel, Viktoria Wagner, Marcus Koch, Katarzyna Winek, Hermona Soreq, Irina Nazarenko, Gregor Fuhrmann, Tony Wyss-Coray, Eckart Meese, Verena Keller, Matthias W. Laschke, Andreas Keller
Summary: Previous studies have shown that RNA molecules exhibit global and tissue-specific ageing patterns in both murine models and humans. In this study, we focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are membrane vesicles that mediate the transfer of genetic information between tissues. We sequenced small regulatory RNAs (sncRNAs) in two fractions of mouse plasma at different time points, and observed unique ageing patterns in different sncRNA classes between the free-circulating (fc-RNA) and EV-bound (EV-RNA) fractions. Furthermore, we found that miR-29 family in adipose tissues, particularly in the EV-RNA fraction, was strongly associated with ageing.