Journal
IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL
Volume 57, Issue 2, Pages 191-206Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00532-8
Keywords
Neuroscience; Microphysiological systems; Nerve-on-a-chip; Brain organoids; 3D culture; Microengineering
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The advancements in Microphysiological systems (MPS) and brain organoids have allowed researchers to study the complexities of neuronal tissues in two and three dimensions, leading to the development of a robust nervous system-on-a-chip platform. These advances have far-reaching implications within basic science, pharmaceutical development, and translational medicine disciplines.
Microphysiological systems (MPS) designed to study the complexities of the peripheral and central nervous systems have made marked improvements over the years and have allowed researchers to assess in two and three dimensions the functional interconnectivity of neuronal tissues. The recent generation of brain organoids has further propelled the field into the nascent recapitulation of structural, functional, and effective connectivities which are found within the native human nervous system. Herein, we will review advances in culture methodologies, focused especially on those of human tissues, which seek to bridge the gap from 2D cultures to hierarchical and defined 3D MPS with the end goal of developing a robust nervous system-on-a-chip platform. These advances have far-reaching implications within basic science, pharmaceutical development, and translational medicine disciplines.
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