Article
Agricultural Engineering
Swathi Mukundan, Jin Xuan, Sandra E. Dann, Jonathan L. Wagner
Summary: This article presents a magnetite supported on activated carbon catalyst that can be magnetically retrieved and reused without regeneration. The FeOx/C catalyst increased the bio-oil yield by 19.7 +/- 0.96% in the HTL of draff reaction. The use of homogeneous Na2CO3 base as a catalyst and co-catalyst improved carbon extraction into the aqueous phase. The exceptional catalytic activity is attributed to the Fe3O4 phase, which enhances biomass decomposition and oil property with an energy recovery of about 84%.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jayaseelan Arun, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, PanneerSelvam SundarRajan, Sivaprasad Shyam, Namasivayam Mayuri, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: In this study, the HDO process was used to upgrade liquefied bio-oil from Nostoc punctriforme biomass, with RSM optimization resulting in bio-oil properties meeting ASTM standards. Mixing bio-oil with diesel at a 50% ratio reduced brake thermal efficiency while decreasing NOx emissions and slightly increasing CO emissions. This research emphasizes the potential of microalgae fuels as a renewable energy resource with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xu Liu, Yang Guo, Donghai Xu, Qingqing Guan
Summary: This paper reviews the recent advances in hydrothermal catalytic deoxygenation of microalgal bio-crude oil. The specific role of high-temperature water in the deoxygenation process is discussed, and the effects of temperature, reaction time, solvent, and hydrothermal processing technology on deoxygenation are illustrated. Moreover, the catalytic activity and mechanism of metal and acid-based catalysts involved in deoxygenation under hydrothermal conditions are elaborated. This review provides a general scientific reference for further studies on the hydrodeoxygenation of microalgae bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL).
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Haibin Guan, Wenran Ding, Suxiang Liu, Baofeng Zhao, Heming Zhang, Cunqing Zhong, Bingtong Chen, Angang Song, Di Zhu, Huan Li, Xiangyu Feng
Summary: The catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction technology was used to convert Chinese herb residue (CHR) into liquid bio-oil. Various reaction conditions and catalyst combinations were tested to optimize the bio-oil quality. Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst showed the best performance by increasing the high heat value (HHV) of bio-oil, while Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst resulted in lower HHV and yield. Fe-Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited intermediate catalytic performance. Elemental analysis and GC-MS revealed the changes in the composition of bio-oil due to Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
James R. Keiser, Michael P. Brady, Jiheon Jun, Dino Sulejmanovic, Michael D. Kass
Summary: The selection of corrosion-resistant and cost-effective structural materials for biomass-derived oil production, upgrading, and storage has been extensively studied in our laboratory. The wide variety of biomass resources and liquefaction techniques result in products with diverse properties. This paper discusses the materials challenges in three distinct areas. Austenitic stainless steels have generally performed well in the production process at temperatures ranging from 350 to 550 degrees C, although issues such as thicker oxide scales and intergranular attack have been observed. For storage and transport of bio-oil products, organic acids present in the raw bio-oils can cause corrosion to carbon and low-alloy steels. Furthermore, certain subsequent processing methods can lead to corrosion of common austenitic stainless steels during exposure to sulfidizing gas at elevated temperatures. The study identifies cost-effective and sufficiently corrosion-resistant materials for each environment.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ankit Jadhav, Israr Ahmed, A. G. Baloch, Harshit Jadhav, Sabzoi Nizamuddin, M. T. H. Siddiqui, Humair Ahmed Baloch, Sundus Saeed Qureshi, Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
Summary: This study reports hydrothermal liquefaction technology carried out on local Malaysian oil palm fronds to produce solid bio-char and liquid bio-oil. Observations showed that bio-oil yield percentage increased and bio-char yield percentage decreased with higher reaction temperature and time, leading to improved combustion properties of bio-char and bio-oil. Major chemical compounds identified in bio-oil by GC-MS were phenolic compounds and their derivatives, alcohols, ketones, and esters.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Viswanathan Santhosh, Siva Periyasamy
Summary: The purpose of this investigation was to explore the possibility of using post-sap residues from red macroalgae for bio-oil production. The residues were hydrothermally liquefied under different conditions, and the influence of these conditions on the product distribution and composition was analyzed. The crude bio-oil yield reached its maximum of 28.4 +/- 0.6 wt.% when the process was carried out at 300 degrees C for 30 minutes with the presence of a ZSM-5 catalyst. To reduce the oxygen content in the bio-oil, hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) process was conducted with the utilization of bio-char and ZSM-5 as catalysts. The study suggests that crude bio-oil can be effectively produced from post-sap residues and further upgraded into high-calorific fuel.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nishesh Sharma, Krishna Kumar Jaiswal, Vinod Kumar, Mikhail S. Vlaskin, Manisha Nanda, Indra Rautela, Mahipal Singh Tomar, Waseem Ahmad
Summary: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is considered an effective technology for biooil production, with algae biomass being recognized as one of the most suitable feedstocks. The choice of temperature, retention time, and catalyst significantly affect the efficiency of HTL products, with a temperature range around 280 +/- 40 degrees C being reported as the most suitable for maximum bio-oil yield. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been used to improve bio-oil generation, with heterogeneous catalysts preferred for their advantages such as improved bio-oil yield, easy recovery, and eco-friendly approach.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bruno C. Magalhaes, Ruben Checa, Chantal Lorentz, Mathieu Prevot, Pavel Afanasiev, Dorothee Laurenti, Christophe Geantet
Summary: Global energy demand and environmental concerns have led to a growing emphasis on fuel production from renewable resources. Microalgae offer an attractive alternative carbon source. This study investigated the hydroconversion of bio-oil derived from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae using supported catalysts. NiW sulfide catalysts proved to be the most efficient, producing a hydrotreated oil with superior properties. The results suggest that different catalysts promote different reaction pathways, contributing to the conversion of refractory compounds.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elamathi Vimali, Sathaiah Gunaseelan, Venkatachalam Chitra Devi, Sengottian Mothil, Muthu Arumugam, Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar, Innasi Muthu Ganesh Moorthy, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Perumal Varalakshmi
Summary: This study explores the use of marine brown macroalga as a sustainable feedstock for the production of biofuels and other bioproducts. The researchers successfully extracted lipids and algal oil from the macroalgae and produced biodiesel through transesterification using TiO2 as a catalyst. The study also examined the quality parameters of the biofuels, which met international fuel standards.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lixin Qian, Bojun Zhao, Haoyu Wang, Guangda Bao, Yulin Hu, Chunbao Charles Xu, Hongming Long
Summary: This study evaluated the utilization of spent catalyst in hydrothermal liquefaction and found that the spent VWTi catalyst significantly promoted the production of bio-oil. The bio-oil obtained under optimal conditions had a high HHV and energy recovery, with a higher fraction of phenolics compounds identified.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jayaseelan Arun, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Sivaprasad Shyam, Namasivayam Mayuri, Sadhasivan Manasa, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the hydrothermal liquefaction of Prosopis juliflora biomass for the production of ferulic acid and bio-oil. The biomass was processed with various solvents to produce ferulic acid, and the spent solid residue was then treated using HTL to obtain bio-oil. Additionally, the Nano ZnO catalyst showed recyclability over two to three consecutive cycles.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Reza Moazezi, Hengameh Bayat, Omid Tavakoli, Ahmad Hallajisani
Summary: This study focuses on optimizing the yield and performance of bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris, a type of microalgae. By manipulating reaction conditions, using catalysts, and employing thermodynamic modeling, the researchers successfully improved the bio-oil production process.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bulutcem Ocal, Asli Yuksel
Summary: The rapidly increasing global energy demand has led to the need for finding green, renewable, and sustainable alternative sources of energy. Bio-oil, derived from biomasses via liquefaction, is a promising candidate to replace fossil fuels. In this study, the thermal liquefaction of oak wood particles was carried out using different solvents, and the results showed that 1,4-dioxane yielded the highest bio-oil production.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Chitra Devi Venkatachalam, Sarath Sekar, Sathish Raam Ravichandran, Mothil Sengottian, Karthikeyan Chinnusamy Sukumar, Dhinakar Chenniappan, Gnana Aravindh Ramachandran
Summary: The increasing global demand for cleaner energy has shifted focus towards renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar, and wind, instead of fossil fuels. Among the various bioenergy conversion processes, hydrothermal liquefaction has gained significant attention due to its availability and ease of use throughout the year. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass, focusing specifically on the use of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts to improve bio-crude yield. The review also discusses the impact of process parameters and provides insights into the reaction pathway for algal biomass. Furthermore, it evaluates the effects of different catalysts on product formation and briefly touches upon the applications of the obtained products.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rajasree Shanmuganathan, Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Saleh H. Salmen, G. K. Jhanani, Beata Gavurova, Manigandan Sekar, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, T. R. Praveenkumar
Summary: Extensive use of fossil fuels is the main cause of global warming. Biodiesel, as a promising alternative, can improve engine performance and reduce emissions when combined with nanoparticles and hydrogen. Among the blends tested, B20CH showed the lowest emissions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamaraj Veeramuthu, Pushparaj Annadurai, Daniel A. Gideon, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Balamurugan Sundarrajan, Kandavel Dhandayuthapani, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: The methanolic leaf extract of Ixora brachiata Roxb. showed significant free radical scavenging activity and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was rich in antioxidants and anthraquinones. Additionally, it exhibited cytotoxic potential against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and showed binding to important receptor proteins involved in breast cancer pathophysiology.
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kathirvel Brindhadevi, Hakim A. L. Garalleh, Amr Alalawi, Ebtisam Al-Sarayreh, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: Inorganic and organic nanoparticles have diverse applications due to their unique characteristics. Carbon nanomaterials (CNM) are particularly attracting attention in biomedical applications because of their physical and chemical diversity. Selecting suitable CNM for controlled and targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment is important. This review focuses on the synthesis, drug loading, surface coating, and application of CNM as a drug delivery agent for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Govindhasamy Murugadoss, Sunitha Salla, Manavalan Rajesh Kumar, Narthana Kandhasamy, Hakim Al Garalleh, Mazen Garaleh, Kathirvel Brindhadevi, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: Modifying the surface of wide band gap ZnO nanoparticles with narrow bandgap semiconductors is an effective approach to enhance its applications. In this study, metal sulfides (CdS, Ag2S, and Bi2S3) were used to decorate ZnO surface for photocatalytic application. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the modified ZnO were characterized. The results showed the presence of decorated metal sulfide nanoparticles on ZnO surface, which tunned the band gap of ZnO into the visible region. Among the three catalysts, Ag2S decorated ZnO exhibited the highest photodegradation efficiency and catalytic activity for the degradation of crystal violet dye under natural sunlight.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Xuan Wang, Yaoli Zhang, Changlei Xia, Ali Alqahtani, Ashutosh Sharma, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: Algae biorefinery ideas have recently gained significant attention in the emerging algae mediated bioeconomy, focusing on improving biomass, biofuel, and bioproducts productivity. By understanding the metabolic processes of algae and their potential in generating biofuels and bioproducts, researchers can uncover key obstacles to carbon utilization and photosynthesis potential, leading to increased production efficiency and economic potential. This analysis presents possible mechanisms for a theoretical algae biorefinery structure, addressing specific challenges for each product and exploring market potential for commercialization.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Prabakaran Ganeshan, V. S. Vigneswaran, Sarath C. Gowd, Dhamodharan Kondusamy, C. Sanjay Kumar, Nageshwari Krishnamoorthy, Deepak Kumar, Ankita Juneja, Balasubramanian Paramasivan, Nithin N. Raju, Karthik Rajendran, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: Hydrogen is considered as the fuel of the future due to its high energy density and zero-carbon emission potential. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle analysis (LCA) of various bio-hydrogen generation processes can help identify cost-effective and low-carbon methods, attracting investors and overcoming barriers to hydrogen integration in the energy market. Gasification was found to be the most economical method for bio-hydrogen production, followed by anaerobic digestion. The gasification of eucalyptus wood was found to have the least carbon footprint.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Prabakaran Ganeshan, V. S. Vigneswaran, Sarath C. Gowd, Rahul Mishra, Ekta Singh, Aman Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Karthik Rajendran
Summary: Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is gaining attention as an energy source and an effective approach for achieving negative CO2 emissions. However, there are challenges and limitations that need to be addressed, including concerns about food security, land, and water use, as well as the need for policy support and ongoing research and development. This critical review aims to identify obstacles and propose solutions for BECCS, while highlighting advancements in the field over the past decade.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rajasree Shanmuganathan, Mohammad Sibtain Kadri, Thangavel Mathimani, Quynh Hoang Le, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: The presence of emerging pollutants in freshwater environments poses a severe threat to the environment and human beings. These pollutants mainly come from urbanization and increased industrial growth, and their concentration, even at low levels, can be ecologically lethal to aquatic life. Research on the biodegradation of these pollutants has been a significant area of study worldwide, as their impact on aquatic life and freshwater consumption is subtle but significant. This review aims to understand the recent discoveries and available treatment technologies of emerging pollutants, and propose an innovative and cost-effective method for their sustainable treatment.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Saqib Hassan, Aswin Thacharodi, Anshu Priya, R. Meenatchi, Thanushree A. Hegde, R. Thangamani, Ht Nguyen, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: An Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC) is a compound that disrupts the function of the endocrine system and is found in the environment. EDCs, such as Bisphenol A and pesticides, have been shown to have negative effects on the female reproductive system. Understanding the relationship between EDCs and women's health is crucial for developing strategies to protect reproductive health and informing public policy decisions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Vignesh Vinayagam, Kavitha Nagarasampatti Palani, Sudha Ganesh, Siddharth Rajesh, Vedha Varshini Akula, Ramapriyan Avoodaiappan, Omkar Singh Kushwaha, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: The presence of pollutants in water contributes to global pollution and poses significant threats to humans and wildlife. Finding effective wastewater treatment techniques is crucial for reducing pollutant accumulation in the environment. This paper highlights recent advances in the electrochemical advanced oxidation method and other processes for treating pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticide-polluted effluents.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz, Huda Ahmed Alghamdi, Mehvish Zahoor, Fizzah Rashid, Atheer Ahmed Alshahrani, Nuha S. Alghamdi, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Daochen Zhu
Summary: Periodontitis is a severe gum disease with global health and economic implications. Current therapies have limitations, but nanotechnology offers potential in developing novel periodontal therapeutic materials. This study investigated the antimicrobial properties of metal-doped silica nanoparticles and identified silver- and zinc-doped silica as effective agents against periodontitis-causing microbes.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nachimuthu Venkatesh, Govindhasamy Murugadoss, Govindhan Thiruppathi, Palanisamy Sundararaj, Pachagounder Sakthivel, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Manavalan Rajesh Kumar
Summary: Tin sulphide nanoparticles, both pure and cobalt-doped, were successfully synthesized using a simple co-precipitation method. The nanoparticles exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, with cobalt doping playing a key role in enhancing the efficiency and stability of the photocatalyst. The synthesized nanoparticles effectively degraded crystal violet and bromophenol blue dyes under natural sunlight, with cobalt-doped SnS showing a photodegradation efficiency of 95.5% and 93.0% for CV and BP, respectively.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Muthiyal Prabakaran Sudhakar, Rahulkumar Maurya, Sanjeet Mehariya, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Gopal Dharani, Kulanthiyesu Arunkumar, Sandra V. Pereda, Maria C. Hernandez-Gonzalez, Alejandro H. Buschmann, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: This review summarizes and discusses the production of polymer precursors from microalgae and macroalgae through direct conversion and fermentation routes, highlighting the economic feasibility of direct conversion methods and the emphasis on fermentation-based bioplastic precursor production. The paper also outlines the current state of technological developments in algae-based bioplastic production, including industry and research, and emphasizes the creation of novel solutions for green bioplastic production using algal polymers. Furthermore, the review mentions the cost economics of bioplastic production using algal biopolymers and provides future directions for next level bioplastic production.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingji Wu, Yan Yuan, Changlei Xia, Tahani Awad Alahmadi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Manigandan Sekar, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: This study focuses on improving fuel quality by introducing hydrogen into waste tire pyrolysis oil. The addition of hydrogen was found to improve the combustion process and reduce harmful gas emissions. Waste tire pyrolysis oil blended with hydrogen showed promising performance as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abdulraheem S. A. Almalki, A. Alhadhrami, Walaa F. Alsanie, S. K. Kamarudin, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: The development of electric vehicles poses a threat to existing vehicles. Research on bioliquid fuels is still compromised, and finding a suitable fuel is crucial. This study focuses on the synthesis of TiO2/AlSBA-15 composite material using lemon peel extract as an organic reducing agent. The catalyst was characterized and showed promising activity in converting used cooking oil into condensable liquids with high gasoline range hydrocarbon content.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.