Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas J. Ayres, Zurab Berezhiani, Riccardo Biondi, Georg Bison, Kazimierz Bodek, Vira Bondar, Pin-Jung Chiu, Manfred Daum, Reza Tavakoli Dinani, Cornelis B. Doorenbos, Solange Emmenegger, Klaus Kirch, Victoria Kletzl, Jochen Krempel, Bernhard Lauss, Duarte Pais, Ingo Rienaecker, Dieter Ries, Nicola Rossi, Dagmara Rozpedzik, Philipp Schmidt-Wellenburg, Kazuo S. Tanaka, Jacek Zejma, Nathalie Ziehl, Geza Zsigmond
Summary: The Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) is conducting a new study on neutron to mirror-neutron oscillations using stored ultracold neutrons. The experiment features a large storage vessel to enhance statistical sensitivity. With the demonstrated performance, the study aims to detect or exclude potential signals consistent with neutron to mirror-neutron oscillations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vladimir Gudkov, Esben Klinby, Bernhard Meirose, David Milstead, Valery V. Nesvizhevsky, Konstantin V. Protasov, Nicola Rizzi, Valentina Santoro, William Michael Snow, Richard Wagner, Sze-Chun Yiu
Summary: The possible neutron-antineutron oscillation experiment at Institut Laue Langevin aims to improve constraints on the transition rate and test methods and instrumentation for a larger-scale experiment at ESS. With a more intense neutron beam and new operating mode, it promises significant gain factors compared to previous competitive experiments at ILL. The installation would require temporary replacement of existing equipment and development of advanced detectors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuri Kamyshkov, James Ternullo, Louis Varriano, Zurab Berezhiani
Summary: The possibility of a neutron transforming into a hidden sector particle remains intriguingly open. Theoretical models propose that the hidden sector can be represented by a mirror sector, where the neutron n can oscillate into its nearly identical mirror twin n'. These oscillations can occur in vacuum or in an environment with regular matter and a magnetic field.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Revaz Beradze, Merab Gogberashvili
Summary: Researchers propose that LIGO events GW190521, GW190425, and GW190814 may have originated from mirror world binaries, as specific assumptions required to explain these events are more likely in a mirror world scenario where star formation starts earlier and matter density can exceed five times the ordinary matter density.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Nicolas F. Del Grosso, Fernando C. Lombardo, Francisco D. Mazzitelli, Paula I. Villar
Summary: This paper describes a method to implement shortcuts to adiabaticity for a massless scalar field inside a cavity with a moving wall. The approach is based on the known solution to the problem that exploits the conformal symmetry, and the shortcuts occur only when there is no dynamical Casimir effect. Possible experimental realizations using superconducting circuits are discussed.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shrihari Gopalakrishna, Rakesh Tibrewala
Summary: In order to explain the observed asymmetry of baryon in the Universe, the standard model (SM) was extended by introducing a vector-vector dimension-six effective operator. This operator couples a new Dirac fermion x, which is uncharged under SM gauge symmetries but charged under baryon number, to a quarklike up-type fermion and two identical down-type fermions. Majorana masses were added to x, resulting in the split of the Dirac fermion into two Majorana fermions with unequal masses. The theory predicts violation of C and CP invariances, leading to a baryon asymmetry in x decay and scattering processes through interference between tree and loop amplitudes with on-shell intermediate states. Numerical estimates for the generated baryon asymmetry and neutron-antineutron oscillation rate are provided.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Zurab Berezhiani
Summary: This article discusses the oscillation of neutron n into mirror neutron n ' and the transformation of an ordinary neutron star into a mixed star, as well as the potential implications of the reverse process occurring in mirror neutron stars, particularly in relation to baryon asymmetry. It also highlights the presence of antimatter in mirror neutron stars and the potential pathways for its production.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prajwal Mohanmurthy, Albert R. Young, Jeff A. Winger, Geza Zsigmond
Summary: Baryon number violation is important for baryogenesis. The existence of mirror particles could lead to oscillation between neutrons and mirror-neutrons. Recent analysis of experiments searching for oscillation have found anomalies that could indicate the detection of neutron-mirror-neutron oscillation.
Proceedings Paper
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Rabindra N. Mohapatra
Summary: We discuss two different ways to understand the origin of matter in models with observable neutron-anti-neutron oscillation and explore some phenomenological implications of both these models.
ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jerrik Mielby, Kristoffer Hauberg Moller, Dimitra Iltsiou, Farnoosh Goodarzi, Kasper Enemark-Rasmussen, Soren Kegnaes
Summary: Mechanochemical activation and steam-assisted interzeolite transformation offer a simple and efficient synthesis route to gmelinite zeolite. The method can be easily extended to the synthesis of other types of zeolites by changing the reaction parameters.
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
R. Wagner, J. Barrow, C. Bohm, G. Brooijmans, H. Calen, J. Cederkall, J. Collin, K. Dunne, L. Eklund, P. Fierlinger, U. Friman-Gayer, M. Frost, M. Holl, T. Johansson, Y. Kamyshkov, E. Klinkby, A. Kupsc, B. Meirose, D. Milstead, A. Nepomuceno, T. Nilsson, A. Oskarsson, H. Perrey, B. Rataj, N. Rizzi, V. Santoro, S. Silverstein, A. Takibayev, M. Wolke, S. C. Yiu, A. R. Young, L. Zanini, O. Zimmer
Summary: The NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source aims to detect the conversion of free neutrons to antineutrons, with a sensitivity improvement three orders of magnitude higher than the previous search. This paper presents simulations of the neutron optical reflector, a key component of the experiment, and discusses the expected gains in sensitivity.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Felix Friedrich, Wolfgang Stammer, Patrick Schramowski, Kristian Kersting
Summary: As machine learning models continue to grow in size and complexity, it becomes crucial to have mechanisms in place to inspect, interact with, and revise these models. Explanatory interactive machine learning methods have been developed for this purpose, but there is a need for a unified typology and evaluation benchmarks. In this work, we provide a comprehensive typology and benchmarks for evaluating various explanatory interactive machine learning methods, highlighting their capabilities and areas for improvement.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Christoph Herb, Oliver Zimmer, Robert Georgii, Peter Boeni
Summary: Neutron scattering is a useful tool for studying the properties of condensed matter. However, certain experiments require small samples and specific environmental conditions. The nested mirror optics (NMO) presented in this study overcomes several challenges associated with other focusing devices. The NMO improves the focusing properties and beam transport efficiency of neutrons, making it suitable for various applications in neutron physics.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David Bellamy, Miguel A. Hernan, Andrew Beam
Summary: As machine learning is increasingly used in healthcare applications, practitioners have become more aware of the limitations of prediction models trained in one setting but deployed in others. One identified limitation is shortcut learning, where a model associates features with the prediction target that do not maintain their relationship across settings.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michael R. R. Good, Alessio Lapponi, Orlando Luongo, Stefano Mancini
Summary: Inspired by the behavior of a collapsing black hole's null shell as a perfectly reflecting accelerating mirror, researchers extended the model to include mirror semitransparency and derived implicit expressions for the corresponding Bogolyubov coefficients. By focusing on mirrors accelerated via impulsive force, they obtained explicit analytical forms for the coefficients and used them to calculate particle production. The study also involved analyzing the field transmission properties through a semitransparent moving mirror as a Gaussian quantum channel, evaluating capacities in transmitting classical and quantum information.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Z. Berezhiani, R. Biondi, P. Geltenbort, I. A. Krasnoshchekova, V. E. Varlamov, A. V. Vassiljev, O. M. Zherebtsov
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2018)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Zurab Berezhiani, Arkady Vainshtein
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A
(2018)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Zurab Berezhiani, Arkady Vainshtein
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Benedetta Belfatto, Zurab Berezhiani
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2019)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Zurab Berezhiani
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2019)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Benedetta Belfatto, Revaz Beradze, Zurab Berezhiani
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2020)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
A. Addazi, K. Anderson, S. Ansell, K. S. Babu, J. L. Barrow, D. Baxter, P. M. Bentley, Z. Berezhiani, R. Bevilacqua, R. Biondi, C. Bohm, G. Brooijmans, L. J. Broussard, J. Cedercall, C. Crawford, P. S. B. Dev, D. D. DiJulio, A. D. Dolgov, K. Dunne, P. Fierlinger, M. R. Fitzsimmons, A. Fomin, M. J. Frost, S. Gardiner, S. Gardner, A. Galindo-Uribarri, P. Geltenbort, S. Girmohanta, P. Golubev, E. Golubeva, G. L. Greene, T. Greenshaw, V Gudkov, R. Hall-Wilton, L. Heilbronn, J. Herrero-Garcia, A. Holley, G. Ichikawa, T. M. Ito, E. Iverson, T. Johansson, L. Jonsson, Y-J Jwa, Y. Kamyshkov, K. Kanaki, E. Kearns, Z. Kokai, B. Kerbikov, M. Kitaguchi, T. Kittelmann, E. Klinkby, A. Kobakhidze, L. W. Koerner, B. Kopeliovich, A. Kozela, V Kudryavtsev, A. Kupsc, Y. T. Lee, M. Lindroos, J. Makkinje, J. Marquez, B. Meirose, T. M. Miller, D. Milstead, R. N. Mohapatra, T. Morishima, G. Muhrer, H. P. Mumm, K. Nagamoto, A. Nepomuceno, F. Nesti, V. V. Nesvizhevsky, T. Nilsson, A. Oskarsson, E. Paryev, R. W. Pattie, S. Penttil, H. Perrey, Y. N. Pokotilovski, I Potashnikovav, K. Ramic, C. Redding, J-M Richard, D. Ries, E. Rinaldi, N. Rizzi, N. Rossi, A. Ruggles, B. Rybolt, V Santoro, U. Sarkar, A. Saunders, G. Senjanovic, A. P. Serebrov, H. M. Shimizu, R. Shrock, S. Silverstein, D. Silvermyr, W. M. Snow, A. Takibayev, I Tkachev, L. Townsend, A. Tureanu, L. Varriano, A. Vainshtein, J. de Vries, R. Wagner, R. Woracek, Y. Yamagata, S. Yiu, A. R. Young, L. Zanini, Z. Zhang, O. Zimmer
Summary: The HIBEAM/NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source to search for baryon number violation, aiming to discover and characterize mixing in the neutron, antineutron, and sterile neutron sectors. This experiment addresses open questions related to baryogenesis, dark matter, and new physics scales, and has the potential to significantly increase sensitivity in neutron conversion probability tests.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Zurab Berezhiani, Riccardo Biondi, Massimo Mannarelli, Francesco Tonelli
Summary: The study examines the oscillation of neutrons into mirror neutrons and its impact on the structure of mixed stars, with transitions suppressed in quark stars. It also evaluates transition rates in neutron stars and discusses implications for the gravitational waves and associated electromagnetic signals from neutron star mergers. Findings suggest potential differences in radii among mixed stars of the same mass due to age differences.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
B. Belfatto, Z. Berezhiani
Summary: Recent high precision determinations reveal anomalies in the first row of the CKM matrix, suggesting the need for additional vector-like quarks at the TeV scale to explain the phenomena. Various combinations of extra quarks may be required to fully address all discrepancies. Future experiments can test these scenarios.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuri Kamyshkov, James Ternullo, Louis Varriano, Zurab Berezhiani
Summary: The possibility of a neutron transforming into a hidden sector particle remains intriguingly open. Theoretical models propose that the hidden sector can be represented by a mirror sector, where the neutron n can oscillate into its nearly identical mirror twin n'. These oscillations can occur in vacuum or in an environment with regular matter and a magnetic field.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas J. Ayres, Zurab Berezhiani, Riccardo Biondi, Georg Bison, Kazimierz Bodek, Vira Bondar, Pin-Jung Chiu, Manfred Daum, Reza Tavakoli Dinani, Cornelis B. Doorenbos, Solange Emmenegger, Klaus Kirch, Victoria Kletzl, Jochen Krempel, Bernhard Lauss, Duarte Pais, Ingo Rienaecker, Dieter Ries, Nicola Rossi, Dagmara Rozpedzik, Philipp Schmidt-Wellenburg, Kazuo S. Tanaka, Jacek Zejma, Nathalie Ziehl, Geza Zsigmond
Summary: The Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) is conducting a new study on neutron to mirror-neutron oscillations using stored ultracold neutrons. The experiment features a large storage vessel to enhance statistical sensitivity. With the demonstrated performance, the study aims to detect or exclude potential signals consistent with neutron to mirror-neutron oscillations.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Zurab Berezhiani
Summary: This article discusses the oscillation of neutron n into mirror neutron n ' and the transformation of an ordinary neutron star into a mixed star, as well as the potential implications of the reverse process occurring in mirror neutron stars, particularly in relation to baryon asymmetry. It also highlights the presence of antimatter in mirror neutron stars and the potential pathways for its production.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Benedetta Belfatto, Zurab Berezhiani
Summary: The paper discusses the origin of fermion mass hierarchies and mixing patterns and proposes a modification to explain the relations between fermion masses and mixing angles. By introducing an asymmetry between the 23 and 32 entries in the down-quark Yukawa matrix, the paper shows that this flavor structure can naturally emerge in models with inter-family SU(3)(H) symmetry, and its predictions are compatible with experimental data.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zurab Berezhiani, Riccardo Biondi, Yuri Kamyshkov, Louis Varriano