Investigation of the cause of shield-driven tunnel instability in soil with a soft upper layer and hard lower layer

Title
Investigation of the cause of shield-driven tunnel instability in soil with a soft upper layer and hard lower layer
Authors
Keywords
Non-homogeneous soil, Tunnel instability, Failure mechanism, Upper-bound limit analysis method, Adaptive strategy
Journal
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
Volume 118, Issue -, Pages 104832
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Online
2020-08-15
DOI
10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104832

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