Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Prince Henry Serrao, Sergey Kozinov
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics of direct flexoelectricity at small scales and its relationship with strain gradients and electric fields. Two new numerically robust finite element methods are proposed to effectively simulate the interaction between piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity. The feasibility of these methods is verified through simulations of benchmark problems such as thick cylinders and truncated pyramids.
COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Feng Deng, Wenshan Yu, Xu Liang, Shengping Shen
Summary: Flexoelectricity is a universal and size-dependent electromechanical phenomenon coupling the electric field with strain gradient in dielectric materials. A mixed finite element method (FEM) is developed in this study to investigate flexoelectricity using C0-continuous interpolation functions, which simplifies the traditional FEM approach. The results validate the accuracy of the developed mixed FEM and demonstrate the significant enhancement of flexoelectricity in soft dielectrics under large deformation, indicating potential applications in electromechanical sensors.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haotian Wu, Hao Hu, Xixi Wang, Zhixia Xu, Baile Zhang, Qi Jie Wang, Yuanjin Zheng, Jingjing Zhang, Tie Jun Cui, Yu Luo
Summary: Unlike conventional topological materials, higher-order topological materials support topological states at boundaries of boundaries. This study reports the experimental realization of a higher-order thermal topological insulator in a generalized 2D diffusion lattice. The topological corner states for thermal diffusion were observed in the bandgap of diffusion rate, and their stability was demonstrated in the presence of amorphous deformation. This work opens the door for future thermal management with topological protection beyond 1D geometries.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
S. Sepehr Tabatabaei, Mohammad Reza Dehghan, Heidar Ali Talebi
Summary: This paper presents a practical study to verify the concept of non-integer order dynamic behavior of multi-dimensional soft tissue deformation. The stress-strain relationship of soft tissue is of non-integer order, and is proven through a combination of mechanical equations and experimental data. The non-integer order model and proposed identification method are then verified using experimental tests on a silicone-gel cube.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Robotics
Yuzhe Wang, Pengcheng Li, Ujjaval Gupta, Jianyong Ouyang, Jian Zhu
Summary: This study developed an all-solid tunable soft lens driven by transparent DEAs, achieving significant focal length variations; the tunable soft lens can vary its focal length by 209% upon electrical activation, surpassing that of the human eye; the research demonstrates that transparent DEAs may have significant impacts on artificial robotic vision, visual prostheses, and adjustable glasses.
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Jingdian Ming, Yongbin Zhou, Wei Cheng, Huizhong Li
Summary: This paper investigates the security of the IPM scheme against the higher-order correlation analysis, a typical non-profiled side-channel attack. It is shown that the efficiency of the attack is mainly influenced by the attack order vector, output size of the target function, and attack model. A new method based on the correlation coefficient is proposed to measure the efficiency of higher-order correlation analysis.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nguyen Thanh Binh, Sarah Jenkins, Sergiu Ruta, Richard F. L. Evans, Roy W. Chantrell
Summary: We computationally studied the properties of higher-order magnetic anisotropy constants in an L1(0)/A1-FePt core-shell system with a strong second-order Fe-Pt anisotropy component. A surprising fourth-order anisotropy constant K-2 was induced by the core-shell structure, with its magnitude reaching a peak at a core-size ratio of R approximately 0.50. Moreover, we found that K-2 scales with the normalized magnetization by (M/M-s)(2.2) below the Curie temperature, deviating from the expected scaling exponent of 10 predicted by the Callen-Callen theory. Our analytical model explains that K-2 arises from the canting of the core and shell magnetization and successfully justifies the scaling exponent obtained from numerical simulation.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wenquan Liang, Guoxin Chen, Yanfei Wang, Jingjie Cao, Jinxin Chen
Summary: This study proposes an efficient and accurate method based on staggered-grid finite-difference to solve the 2-D first-order stress-velocity elastic-wave equation. The proposed nonbalanced SGFD numerical scheme combines high-order and second-order SGFD operators, offering similar accuracy with lower computational cost compared to the conventional SGFD method. Dispersion analysis and modeling examples demonstrate the suitability and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Zhihui Tian, Maohua Ran, Yang Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on constructing a high-order energy-preserving difference scheme for the fourth-order nonlinear strain wave equation with an energy conservation law. The target model is transformed into an equivalent system using the method of trigonometric scalar auxiliary variables. The resulting equivalent system possesses a modified energy conservation law, and a fourth-order difference scheme with analogously discrete energy conservation law is developed. The boundedness and convergence of the numerical solutions in the maximum norm are proven, and the effectiveness of the difference scheme is verified through several numerical experiments.
COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Raphaele Herbin, Jean-Claude Latche, Youssouf Nasseri, Nicolas Therme
Summary: In this paper, a quasi-second-order scheme is developed to obtain approximate solutions of the two-dimensional shallow water equations with bathymetry. The scheme, based on staggered finite volume space discretization and MUSCL-like interpolation, improves the accuracy of the solutions. The positivity of the water height is preserved under certain conditions, and the schemes are shown to be LW-consistent with the weak formulation of the continuous equations. Numerical results confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the schemes.
IMA JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Chih-Wen Chang
Summary: In this study, the inverse engineering problems of the Ostrovsky equation, Kawahara equation, modified Kawahara equation, and sixth-order Korteweg-de Vries equation are investigated numerically. Different boundary shape functions are used to deal with the boundary data and initial/terminal conditions, and the unknown parameters of the equations are retrieved through back-substitution of the solution. The solutions obtained have symmetrical properties and the numerical experiments are carefully validated.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Fitra Zambak, Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin, Ismahayati Adam, Javed Iqbal, Mohamed Nasrun Osman
Summary: The paper introduces a triband circular polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna, which uses a simple and low-cost excitation mechanism to excite the higher-order mode for circular polarization and to maximize the antenna bandwidth, while maintaining the size and shape of the antenna.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Abdulaziz H. Haddab, Edward F. Kuester, Christopher L. Holloway
Summary: Resonant transmission through a dielectric-loaded slot embedded in a thick conducting diaphragm in a rectangular waveguide was studied using an analytical approximation, revealing ordinary and extremely narrowband resonances associated with different modes in the slot. The theoretical predictions were confirmed through numerical simulation and experimental measurement, while additional sharp resonances were observed in measurements on dielectrics consisting of multiple pieces, providing potential applications in sensors and material property measurement.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tajinder Singh, Himani Arora, Lorentz Jantschi
Summary: We have developed a two-point iterative scheme for multiple roots that achieves fifth order convergence. The scheme utilizes a weight function approach with R(nu(t)), which is a function of nu(t) and nu???????(t) is a function of omega(t). The consistency and superiority of the new scheme are demonstrated numerically and through basin of attraction comparisons.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Georgios Doulis, Florian Atteneder, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Bernd Bruegmann
Summary: This study explores an entropy-based flux-limiting scheme for high-order convergent simulations of neutron star spacetimes in numerical relativity. The scheme effectively tracks the stellar surface and physical shocks, reducing the phase error in gravitational waveforms by up to a factor of 5 compared to state-of-the-art high-order characteristic schemes. This is crucial for accurately calculating tidal waveforms in gravitational-wave modeling.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Huilong Ren, Xiaoying Zhuang, Erkan Oterkus, Hehua Zhu, Timon Rabczuk
Summary: In this paper, a method based on nonlocal operator method is proposed for deriving nonlocal forms for various physical problems, such as elasticity, thin plate, gradient elasticity, electro-magneto-elasticity, and phase-field fracture method. The method is simple and general, and can efficiently convert local physical models into nonlocal forms. A criterion based on the instability of the nonlocal gradient is also proposed for fracture modeling in linear elasticity.
ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xiaoying Zhuang, Xinyi Li, Shuwei Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a new 3D phase field model for predicting hydraulic fracture propagation in naturally layered rocks, considering the influence of initial stress field. The research finds that PFM can effectively predict different fracture patterns and guide the application of HF in naturally layered unconventional reservoirs through optimized design.
ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
(2023)
Correction
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Wing Kam Liu, Shaofan Li, Harold S. Park
ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Qimin Wang, Xiaoying Zhuang
Summary: In this study, a CNN-based surrogate model is proposed to predict the nonlocal response of flexoelectric structures with complex topologies. The input for the CNN is binary images obtained by converting geometries into pixels, and the output comes from simulations of an isogeometric (IGA) flexoelectric model. The results can be instructive for studies on deep learning of other nonlocal mech-physical simulations.
ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoying Zhuang, Tran Quoc Thai, Timon Rabczuk
Summary: Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the manufacturing of nanostructures and nanodevices with optimized topologies that outperform traditional counterparts in terms of efficiency and function. This study presents a novel nonlinear topology optimization procedure for designing optimal layouts of flexoelectric structures undergoing large displacement. The optimal material distribution is determined by optimizing energy conversion efficiency using a penalization approach and energy interpolation scheme. The results highlight the importance of accounting for geometric nonlinearity and size effects in characterizing and designing micro-structures and flexoelectricity.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Tran Quoc Thai, Xiaoying Zhuang, Timon Rabczuk
Summary: Flexoelectricity is a universal electro-mechanical coupling effect that occurs in dielectrics of all symmetric groups and becomes dominant at the micro- and nano-scales. It plays an important role in evaluating micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) such as energy harvesters which convert vibrational energy to electric energy. At finer length scales, micro-inertia effects significantly contribute to the behavior of flexoelectric materials due to the mechanical dispersion. Hence, to properly characterize the vibrational behavior of MEMS, a reliable theoretical approach is required accounting for all possible phenomena that affect the output of the system such as voltage or power density. In this work, we present a consistent (dynamic) model and associated computational framework for flexoelectric structures to study the characteristics of the vibrational behavior of energy harvesters showing the dominance of the flexoelectric effect at micro- and nano-scales. In this context, we quantify the impact of the micro-inertia length scale and the flexoelectric dynamic parameter on both frequency and time responses of energy harvesters.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Li-Kai Wan, Yi-Xuan Xue, Jin-Wu Jiang, Harold S. S. Park
Summary: Lateral heterostructures of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride exhibit unique electronic and optical properties, and the mechanical properties of the interface play a crucial role in their stability. Through molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning, a study on the fracture properties of the interface in these heterostructures was conducted. It was found that the shape of the interface significantly affects the fracture stress and strain, and a machine learning model was able to identify the strongest interfaces. The findings also revealed the importance of interface roughness and chemical bond strength in determining interface strength, and the correlation between fracture properties and thermal conductivity.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohamed Shaat, Harold S. Park
Summary: There is significant interest in studying the functionality of odd elastic solids, which are a specific class of active matter that cannot be described by a free energy function. This paper proposes the coupling of non-symmetric elasticity with chiral, nonreciprocal elasticity as a means to achieve isotropic elastic solids exhibiting non-symmetric elasticity.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jeong-Ho Lee, Harold S. Park, Douglas P. Holmes
Summary: Soft matter mechanics involves finite deformations and instabilities of structures in response to mechanical and non-mechanical stimuli. Modeling plates and shells is challenging due to their nonlinear response to loads, and non-mechanical loads further complicate matters by modifying the shell's energy functional. This work demonstrates a mechanical interpretation of non-mechanical stimuli, transforming their effects into effective external loadings and enabling the use of standard analytical and computational tools. The theory is validated by benchmark problems and applied to examples such as the snapping of the Venus flytrap and leaf growth.
MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lijie He, Guangming Cheng, Yong Zhu, Harold S. Park
Summary: We use a hybrid diffusion- and nucleation-based kinetic Monte Carlo model to explain the significant influence of adatom diffusion on incipient surface dislocation nucleation in metal nanowires. We discover a stress-regulated diffusion mechanism that promotes the accumulation of diffusing adatoms near nucleation sites, explaining the experimental observations of temperature-dependent nucleation strength but weak strain-rate dependence. Additionally, our model shows that a decreasing rate of adatom diffusion with increasing strain rate leads to stress-controlled nucleation becoming the dominant mechanism at higher strain rates. Overall, our model provides new mechanistic insights into how surface adatom diffusion directly affects the nucleation process and mechanical properties of metal nanowires.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hai D. Huynh, Xiaoying Zhuang, Harold S. Park, S. S. Nanthakumar, Yabin Jin, Timon Rabczuk
Summary: The Willis coupling, which couples momentum to strain in elastic metamaterials, has been extensively studied for its potential in enabling novel wave propagation phenomena. Recent work has shown that the momentum can also be coupled to electrical stimulus in piezoelectric composites, resulting in a new form of electro-momentum coupling. In this study, a topology optimization approach is presented to maximize the electro-momentum coupling in piezoelectric composites, allowing for the design of composites that support novel wave phenomena excited through non-mechanical means.
EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yixuan Xue, Harold S. Park, Jin-Wu Jiang
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate that the interfacial thermal resistance in graphene/fullerene/graphene sandwiches can be switchable and show a step-like change by varying the number of fullerenes. This switchable phenomenon is achieved by a structural transition between the graphene layers. The study also shows that mechanical strain or temperature variation can achieve the same switchable effect. This work highlights the potential application of sandwich-like nanoscale heterostructures in switchable thermal devices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bohayra Mortazavi, Yves Remond, Hongyuan Fang, Timon Rabczuk, Xiaoying Zhuang
Summary: Among recent advances in 2D materials, the fabrication of C60 fullerene networks has been an inspiring accomplishment. This study explores the stability and physical properties of novel hexagonal boron-carbon fullerene 2D heterostructures, based on synthesized B40 and C36 fullerenes. Through extensive structural minimizations and calculations, thermally and dynamically stable boron-carbon fullerene 2D heterostructures were successfully detected, exhibiting semiconducting properties and attractive mechanical and thermal features.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bohayra Mortazavi, Xiaoying Zhuang, Timon Rabczuk, Alexander V. Shapeev
Summary: Since their introduction in 2007, machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have gained increasing interest as a more accurate and reliable alternative to empirical interatomic potentials (EIPs) in molecular dynamics calculations. Recently, MLIPs have been successfully applied in analyzing mechanical properties and failure responses, surpassing both EIPs and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In this mini-review, we discuss the basic principles and development strategies of MLIPs, highlight their robustness in mechanical property analysis through examples, and emphasize their advantages over EIPs and DFT methods. MLIPs also offer the unique ability to combine the robustness of DFT with continuum mechanics for first-principles multiscale modeling of mechanical properties in nanostructures. Challenges and future directions for MLIP-based molecular dynamics simulations are also outlined.
MATERIALS HORIZONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Dongliang Ji, Hui Cheng, Hongbao Zhao
Summary: The influence of crystal size on the macroscopic parameters of sandstone samples is studied using a rock model based on the Voronoi tessellated model. It is found that decreasing crystal size results in increased strength and elastic modulus. Strain energy density (SED) is shown to help explain the failure mechanisms of the sandstone samples. A constitutive model that considers the heterogeneity in elastic modulus and rock strength is developed and is in good agreement with experimental results. The study also identifies the triggering of surface damage on slopes by vibration excitation in engineering applications as well as proposes a constitutive model for quantitatively evaluating damage accumulation in mining tunnels.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Tornabene, Matteo Viscoti, Rossana Dimitri
Summary: This manuscript investigates the dynamic properties of doubly-curved shell structures laminated with innovative materials using the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method. The displacement field variable follows the Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) approach, and the geometrical description of the structures is distorted by generalized isogeometric blending functions. Through non-uniform discrete computational grid, the fundamental equations derived from the Hamiltonian principle are solved in strong form. Parametric investigations show the influence of material property variation on the modal response of the structures.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Duy-Khuong Ly, Ho-Nam Vu, Chanachai Thongchom, Nguyen-Thoi Trung
Summary: This paper presents a novel numerical approach for nonlinear analysis and smart damping control in laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced magneto-electro-elastic (FG-CNTMEE) plate structures, taking into account multiple physical fields. The approach employs a multi-physical coupling isogeometric formulation to accurately capture the nonlinear strain-displacement relationship and the magneto-electro-elastic coupling properties. The smart constrained layer damping treatment is applied to achieve nonlinear damped responses. The formulation is transformed into the Laplace domain and converted back to the time domain through inverse techniques for smart control using viscoelastic materials.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoyang Xu, Jie Cheng, Sai Peng, Peng Yu
Summary: In this study, a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is developed to simulate viscoelastic fluid flows governed by the Phan-Thien-Tanner (PTT) constitutive equation. The method is validated by comparing its solutions with those obtained by the finite volume method (FVM). The method is also used to simulate the impact behavior and dynamics of a viscoelastic droplet, and the influences of various parameters are investigated. The results demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the SPH method in describing the rheological properties and surface variation characteristics of viscoelastic fluid flows.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xueying Zhang, Yangjiong Wu
Summary: This paper proposes a high resolution strategy for the localized method of approximate particular solutions (LMAPS). The strategy aims to improve the accuracy and stability of numerical calculation by selecting upwind interpolation templates. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed high-resolution LMAPS is effective and accurate, especially for solving the Navier-Stokes equations with high Reynolds number.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yong-Tong Zheng, Yijun Liu, Xiao-Wei Gao, Yang Yang, Hai-Feng Peng
Summary: Structures with holes are common in engineering applications. Analyzing stress concentration effects caused by holes using FEM or BEM is challenging and time-consuming. This paper proposes improved methods for simulating holes and cylinders, reducing the number of nodes while maintaining stress accuracy. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Chein-Shan Liu, Chung-Lun Kuo
Summary: The paper presents two new families of fundamental solutions for the 3D Laplace equation and proposes the methods of pseudo fundamental solutions and anisotropic fundamental solutions, which outperform the traditional 3D MFS.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sima Shabani, Miroslaw Majkut, Slawomir Dykas, Krystian Smolka, Esmail Lakzian
Summary: This study validates and simulates steam condensing flows using different condensation models and equations of state, identifying the most suitable model. The results highlight the importance of choosing the appropriate numerical model for accurately predicting steam condensation flows.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
D. L. Guo, H. H. Zhang, X. L. Ji, S. Y. Han
Summary: In this study, the mechanical behaviors of 2-D orthotropic composites with arbitrary holes were investigated using the numerical manifold method (NMM). The proposed method was verified and found to have good convergence and accuracy. Additionally, the effects of material principal direction and hole configurations on the mechanical behaviors of the orthotropic composites were revealed.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Giacomo Rosilho de Souza, Rolf Krause, Simone Pezzuto
Summary: In this paper, we propose a boundary element method for accurately solving the cell-by-cell bidomain model of electrophysiology. The method removes the degeneracy in the system and reduces the number of degrees of freedom. Numerical experiments demonstrate the exponential convergence of our scheme in space and several biologically relevant experiments are provided.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Riku Toshimitsu, Hiroshi Isakari
Summary: This study extends a recent paper by Lai et al. (2018) by introducing a novel boundary integral formulation for scalar wave scattering analysis in two-dimensional layered and half-spaces. The modified integral formulation eliminates fictitious eigenvalues and reasonable parameter settings ensure efficient and accurate numerical solutions. The proposed method is demonstrated to be effective through numerical examples.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ebutalib Celik, Merve Gurbuz-Caldag
Summary: In this paper, a new meshless method based on domain decomposition for an L-shaped domain is proposed, which uses RBF-FD formulation at interface points and classical FD in sub-regions to improve the solution accuracy. The proposed numerical method is applied to simulate benchmark results for a divided-lid driven cavity and solve Navier-Stokes equations with Lorentz force term in a single-lid L-shaped cavity exposed to inclined magnetic field, and the flow structure is analyzed in terms of streamline topology under different magnetic field rotations and strengths.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hanqing Liu, Fajie Wang, Lin Qiu, Cheng Chi
Summary: This paper presents a novel method that combines the singular boundary method with the Loop subdivision surfaces for acoustic simulation of complex structures, overcoming technical challenges in handling boundary nodes.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2024)
