Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kuan Ding, Yuhui Wang, Shasha Liu, Guiying Lin, Syed Shatir A. Syed-Hassan, Bin Li, Xun Hu, Yong Huang, Shu Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: The char activity plays a vital role in the interactions between char and volatile compounds during biomass pyrolysis. The study found that different char samples obtained from cellulose, xylan, and lignin showed varying levels of activity in converting (benzyloxy)benzene, with lignin char exhibiting the highest conversion rate due to the presence of surface C-O groups and defects in the carbon structure. Overall, the findings suggest that adjusting the hemicellulose content in feedstock pretreatments can impact the volatile-char interaction.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Anjiang Gao, Kan Zou, Yao Wang, Guoming Gao, Maxim Penzik, Alexander N. Kozlov, Yusuf Makarfi Isa, Yong Huang, Shu Zhang
Summary: This paper investigated the synergistic effect of volatile-char interaction and temperature on the products generated from poplar pyrolysis. The research findings provide a basis for the accurate regulation of pyrolysis product distribution, with significant changes observed in the yields and characteristics of bio-oil, gas, and biochar under different conditions.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Zijun Yi, Chao Li, Haisheng Lin, Shu Zhang, Yong Huang, Bin Li, Shuang Wang, Xun Hu
Summary: In this study, the pyrolysis of poplar sawdust impregnated with different bio-oil fractions was conducted. It was found that the organics in the bio-oil could react with biochar, increasing biochar production. Additionally, impregnation of bio-oil lowered the activation energy and ignition temperatures for combustion, enhanced deoxygenation, and facilitated the formation of mesopores.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Anjiang Gao, Yao Wang, Guiying Lin, Bin Li, Xun Hu, Yong Huang, Shu Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: This study proposes a novel reactor for investigating the pyrolysis of poplar wood and the corresponding products by controllable adjustment of volatile-char interactions. The results show that reducing the volatile-char interactions leads to the disappearance of oxygen content in biochar and improvement of its pore structure. The biooil yield increases while the outputs of acetic acid and phenols decrease. In addition, the average molecular weight of bio-oil decreases with the intensification of volatile-char interactions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Wang, Bin Li, Anjiang Gao, Kuan Ding, Xie Xing, Juntao Wei, Yong Huang, Jason Chun -Ho Lam, K. A. Subramanian, Shu Zhang
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of acid-washing pretreatment on the pyrolysis of poplar wood under different volatile-char interactions. The experiment was performed using a self-designed fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor. It was observed that acid-washing pretreatment altered the surface morphology of the poplar wood, increasing cellulose crystallinity and reducing inorganic ash components. These components, mainly Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal species, acted as catalysts for sugar ring fragmentation and charring reactions during both primary pyrolysis and secondary volatile-char interactions. The removal of these components resulted in an increase in bio-oil yield and a decrease in biochar and non-condensable gas yields, while also promoting the generation of pore structures in the biochar and enhancing anhydrosugars content in the bio-oil.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yee Wen Chua, Hongwei Wu, Yun Yu
Summary: This study investigates the interactions between cellulose and lignin during fast pyrolysis at temperatures of 100-350 degrees C. The results suggest that co-pyrolysis of cellulose and lignin enhances volatile release at lower temperatures but increases char formation at higher temperatures. The differences in char yields between experimental and calculated values provide evidence of cellulose-lignin interactions during co-pyrolysis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Liu Yang, Mengyao Guo, Yiwen Qian, Deliang Xu, Mortaza Gholizadeh, Karnowo, Hong Zhang, Xun Hu, Shu Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the capability of glucose-derived char to absorb and solidify N-containing gas species, revealing different transformation patterns of N compounds in chars from different sources and exploring the reactions between amino groups and aldehyde groups.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Bin Li, Huimin Huang, Xing Xie, Juntao Wei, Shu Zhang, Xun Hu, Shihong Zhang, Dongjing Liu
Summary: The effects of AAEMs removal and KOH addition in char on formation and distribution of wheat straw pyrolysis products were studied. The removal of AAEMs increased the interaction between volatiles and char, while the addition of KOH significantly reduced bio-oil yield and increased non-condensable gas yield. It also promoted specific reactions and enhanced the cracking/decomposition of certain compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kalidas Mainali, Manuel Garcia-Perez
Summary: The thermal behavior of cellulose and four N-containing model compounds (Lysine, Melamine, Chitosan, and Dicyandiamide) and their blends with cellulose were studied. Nitrogen acts as a cross-linking agent, increasing char formation. Understanding these reactions is critical for designing N-doped carbons.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuanjing Chen, Syed Shatir A. Syed-Hassan, Zengtong Deng, Xun Hu, Jun Xu, Long Jiang, Sheng Su, Song Hu, Yi Wang, Jun Xiang
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aspect ratio on char structure during the pyrolysis of sawdust pellets. Experimental results showed that pellets with a low aspect ratio had a higher char yield, while those with a high aspect ratio exhibited intense polymerization and a smaller surface area. Increasing temperature weakened the structural differences caused by different aspect ratios.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kalidas Mainali, Manuel Garcia-Perez
Summary: N-doped carbons have wide-ranging applications and studies have shown the potential of carbonization strategies involving N-containing compounds to increase char N retention. This study experimentally investigated the co-carbonization of cellulose and four N-containing compounds using H3PO4 and NaOH as additives, showing significant interactions and increased char yield. Acid-treated samples achieved higher N conversion efficiency, particularly in the case of chitosan, while NaOH-treated chars exhibited richer pyridinic structures. The study also outlined the Maillard reaction and the subsequent formation of N-containing polyaromatic ring systems in biochar.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Han Zhang, Ming Liu, Haiping Yang, Hao Jiang, Yingquan Chen, Shihong Zhang, Hanping Chen
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of interaction among biomass constituents during the pyrolysis process by examining product distribution, bio-oil and bio-gas composition, organic functional groups, and the two-dimensional correlation infrared spectrum characteristic of char. The primary and secondary interactions influence the evolution of char, with the former aiding depolymerization and side chain breaking, and the latter stimulating cyclization and intramolecular dehydration of specific molecules.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chao Li, Yifan Sun, Zijun Yi, Lijun Zhang, Shu Zhang, Xun Hu
Summary: The co-pyrolysis of coke bottle with biomass sawdust, cellulose, and lignin at 700 degrees C resulted in enhanced cross-polymerization of volatiles, leading to decreased gas formation and increased char and oil production. The interactions of volatiles also affected the chemical composition and thermal stability of the resulting char significantly.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jingyi Liang, Chao Li, Lijun Zhang, Shu Zhang, Kuan Ding, Shuang Wang, Bin Li, Zhenhua Cui, Yonggui Tang, Xun Hu
Summary: Co-pyrolysis of mixed feedstocks is a common practice, but the interactions between volatiles from different sources remain a challenge. This study examined the impact of volatiles from one feedstock on the biochar of another feedstock during sequential pyrolysis, and found that it reduced oxygen/nitrogen-containing compounds and heavy pi-conjugated components in the bio-oils, increased biochar yields but decreased bio-oil yields, and made the biochars more hydrophobic and thermally stable.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xujun Chen, Hongwei Wu
Summary: This study investigates the effect of phosphorus on the char structure and reactivity of biomass during fast pyrolysis. Experimental results show that the presence of phosphorus significantly increases char yield and C/H content, while decreasing O content. The form and content of phosphorus play an important role in the evolution of char structure and reactivity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yanqian Gu, Shasha Liu, Gang Wu, Yinlong Wu, Shoujun Zhang, Yong Huang, Shu Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the production of phenol from the co-pyrolysis of cellulose and sodium borohydride at different mass ratios. The results show that even a small amount of sodium borohydride can effectively promote the conversion of cellulose to phenol. The relative content of phenol in the products significantly increases as the mass ratio of cellulose-sodium borohydride decreases, reaching as high as 11.0% when the ratio is 2:1. Glycosidic bonds in cellulose are considered to play an important role in its catalytic conversion.
BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei Zhang, Junfeng Wang, Qiaoling Su, Bin Li, Kai Yu, Haojie Xu, Lei Zuo, Tianyi Wu
Summary: In this study, the polarization motion of bubbles in a determined dielectric liquid medium under a direct current non-uniform electric field was experimentally studied. The effect of applied voltage and gas flow rate on bubble dispersion characteristics was investigated. It was found that increasing the electric field strength led to a shortening of the bubble growth period, a reduction in bubble size, and a rapid generation frequency. The motion of the bubbles exhibited hydrodynamic characteristics at low electric field strength and electrohydrodynamic characteristics at high electric field strength.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yajing He, Shihong Zhang, Dongjing Liu, Xing Xie, Bin Li
Summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of biomass particle size on the torrefaction characteristics. The results showed that biomass particle size did affect the product's evolution during biomass torrefaction. Comparatively, torrefaction temperature had a more significant effect on the composition of gas products than particle size and torrefaction time.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuya Gong, Yue Wang, Meng Li, Yuehua Wen, Bin Xu, Hong Wang, Jingyi Qiu, Bin Li
Summary: TiNb2O7@C was prepared to enhance the rate-performance and cycling stability using the self-polymerization coating characteristics of dopamine. The results show that TiNb2O7@C exhibits ideal rate performance and cycling stability, providing reliable and quickly rechargeable energy storage resources.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Juntao Wei, Jiawei Sun, Deliang Xu, Lei Shi, Miao Wang, Bin Li, Xudong Song, Shu Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: This study utilized hydrothermal pretreatment to synthesize carbon material from bio-oil, and achieved improved conductivity and capacitance by doping and activation using urea and KOH. The prepared nitrogen-doped activated hydrothermal carbon (NAHC(1)) showed good electrochemical performance with a capacitance of 225.4 F/g at 1 A/g, which was 3.8 times higher than that of the hydrothermal char (HC).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dongjing Liu, Lingtao Yang, Jiang Wu, Bin Li
Summary: xBi2S3/ZSM-5 compounds synthesized using a molten salt method can effectively capture elemental mercury in the temperature range of 60-260 degrees C, with the compound having a 20 wt% Bi2S3 loading value showing the best mercury capture performance.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kai Yu, Liuhao Chen, Weifeng Zhang, Huagui Zhang, Jianguang Jia, Zhentao Wang, Bin Li, Wei Zhang, Haojie Xu, Lei Zuo, Junfeng Wang, Jianming Pan, David Harbottle
Summary: The dynamics of polymer-coated silica composite nanoparticles (CPs) during bubble coarsening are primarily influenced by the behavior of the polymer layer, while in-situ particle aggregation leads to accelerated bubble coalescence.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Shuiqing Zhan, Rui Yuan, Xiaohan Wang, Wei Zhang, Kai Yu, Bin Li, Zhentao Wang, Junfeng Wang
Summary: The growth and detachment dynamics of a single hydrogen bubble on microelectrode surfaces in water electrolysis were investigated using numerical simulation, force balance analysis, and experimental data. Multiple simulation cases with different bubble diameters were conducted to study the unsteady growth and detachment behavior. A force balance model was developed to predict bubble detachment diameter using simulated physical parameters and experimental results. The models were validated with previous experimental data and were found to accurately predict bubble detachment diameter.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinyu Xiong, Kai Gao, Jie Mu, Changquan Ji, Bin Li, Dan Zhang, Yadong Xu, Lifeng Xie
Summary: During the production of magnesium products, the accumulation of powder can easily lead to the derivation of hydrogen under humid conditions, forming a hybrid explosion system. The effect of powder layer thickness on the maximum explosion pressure and flame development process of unmixed magnesium powder/hydrogen hybrids was studied. The experiment showed that the damage caused by hybrid explosions was significantly greater than that of single-phase hydrogen, and increased with the increase of powder layer thickness. Interestingly, the explosion pressure of hybrids on the weak surface of the device was larger than that on the closed side, and the flame release temperature was significantly increased.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuchen Jiang, Chao Li, Lijun Zhang, Mengjiao Fan, Shu Zhang, Wenran Gao, Bin Li, Shuang Wang, Xun Hu
Summary: Microwave pyrolysis drastically promotes gasification of volatiles, especially in wet banana peel, resulting in significantly more gases and phenolics. It also favors the cracking reactions of cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin, leading to the formation of biochar with better thermal stability and lower oxygen-containing functionalities.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jingyi Liang, Chao Li, Lijun Zhang, Shu Zhang, Kuan Ding, Shuang Wang, Bin Li, Zhenhua Cui, Yonggui Tang, Xun Hu
Summary: Co-pyrolysis of mixed feedstocks is a common practice, but the interactions between volatiles from different sources remain a challenge. This study examined the impact of volatiles from one feedstock on the biochar of another feedstock during sequential pyrolysis, and found that it reduced oxygen/nitrogen-containing compounds and heavy pi-conjugated components in the bio-oils, increased biochar yields but decreased bio-oil yields, and made the biochars more hydrophobic and thermally stable.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chao Li, Yuannian Li, Yuewen Shao, Lijun Zhang, Shu Zhang, Shuang Wang, Bin Li, Zhenhua Cui, Yonggui Tang, Xun Hu
Summary: In the chemical activation of biomass, directly mixing an activating agent and feedstock leads to poor activation efficiency. This study proposed the use of volatilized KOH to activate biomass by placing them in separate beds. The results showed that this method resulted in higher yield and better quality of activated carbon compared to direct activation. It also reduced environmental impact and improved material efficiency.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Dongjing Liu, Chaoen Li, Tao Jia, Jiang Wu, Bin Li
Summary: Metal sulfides show great potential in capturing gaseous mercury, with graphene-based metal sulfides exhibiting good performance. However, further improvement is needed.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yong Cheng, Fukai Song, Lei Fu, Saishuai Dai, Zhiming Yuan, Atilla Incecik
Summary: This paper investigates the accessibility of wave energy absorption by a dual-pontoon floating breakwater integrated with hybrid-type wave energy converters (WECs) and proposes a hydraulic-pneumatic complementary energy extraction method. The performance of the system is validated through experiments and comparative analysis.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing Gao, Chao Wang, Zhanwu Wang, Jin Lin, Runkai Zhang, Xin Wu, Guangyin Xu, Zhenfeng Wang
Summary: This study aims to establish a new integrated method for biomass cogeneration project site selection, with a focus on the application of the model in Henan Province. By integrating Geographic Information System and Multiple Criterion Decision Making methods, the study conducts site selection in two stages, providing a theoretical reference for the construction of biomass cogeneration projects.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mert Temiz, Ibrahim Dincer
Summary: The current study presents a hybrid small modular nuclear reactor and solar-based system for sustainable communities, integrating floating and bifacial photovoltaic arrays with a small modular reactor. The system efficiently generates power, hydrogen, ammonia, freshwater, and heat for residential, agricultural, and aquaculture facilities. Thermodynamic analysis shows high energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as large-scale ammonia production meeting the needs of metropolitan areas. The hybridization of nuclear and solar technologies offers advantages of reliability, environmental friendliness, and cost efficiency compared to renewable-alone and fossil-based systems.
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Wojciech Stanek, Wojciech Adamczyk
Article
Thermodynamics
Desheng Xu, Yanfeng Li, Tianmei Du, Hua Zhong, Youbo Huang, Lei Li, Xiangling Duanmu
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of hybrid mechanical-natural ventilation for smoke control in complex metro stations. The results show that atrium fires are more significantly impacted by outdoor temperature variations compared to concourse/platform fires. The gathered high-temperature smoke inside the atrium can reach up to 900 K under a 5 MW train fire energy release. The findings provide crucial engineering insights into integrating weather data and adaptable ventilation protocols for smoke prevention/mitigation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Da Guo, Heping Xie, Mingzhong Gao, Jianan Li, Zhiqiang He, Ling Chen, Cong Li, Le Zhao, Dingming Wang, Yiwei Zhang, Xin Fang, Guikang Liu, Zhongya Zhou, Lin Dai
Summary: This study proposes a new in-situ pressure-preserved coring tool and elaborates its pressure-preserving mechanism. The experimental and field test results demonstrate that this tool has a high pressure-preservation capability and can maintain a stable pressure in deep wells. This study provides a theoretical framework and design standards for the development of similar technologies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Aolin Lai, Qunwei Wang
Summary: This study assesses the impact of China's de-capacity policy on renewable energy development efficiency (REDE) using the Global-MSBM model and the difference-in-differences method. The findings indicate that the policy significantly enhances REDE, promoting technological advancements and marketization. Moreover, regions with stricter environmental regulations experience a higher impact.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mostafa Ghasemi, Hegazy Rezk
Summary: This study utilizes fuzzy modeling and optimization to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). By simulating and analyzing experimental data sets, the ideal parameter values for increasing power density, COD elimination, and coulombic efficiency were determined. The results demonstrate that the fuzzy model and optimization methods can significantly improve the performance of MFCs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhang Ruan, Lianzhong Huang, Kai Wang, Ranqi Ma, Zhongyi Wang, Rui Zhang, Haoyang Zhao, Cong Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a grey box model for fuel consumption prediction of wing-diesel hybrid vessels based on feature construction. By using both parallel and series grey box modeling methods and six machine learning algorithms, twelve combinations of prediction models are established. A feature construction method based on the aerodynamic performance of the wing and the energy relationship of the hybrid system is introduced. The best combination is obtained by considering the root mean square error, and it shows improved accuracy compared to the white box model. The proposed grey box model can accurately predict the daily fuel consumption of wing-diesel hybrid vessels, contributing to operational optimization and the greenization and decarbonization of the shipping industry.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huayi Chang, Nico Heerink, Junbiao Zhang, Ke He
Summary: This study examines the interaction between off-farm employment decisions between couples and household clean energy consumption in rural China, and finds that two-paycheck households are more likely to consume clean energy. The off-farm employment of women is a key factor driving household clean energy consumption to a higher level, with wage-employed wives having a stronger influence on these decisions than self-employed ones.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hanguan Wen, Xiufeng Liu, Ming Yang, Bo Lei, Xu Cheng, Zhe Chen
Summary: Demand-side management is crucial to smart energy systems. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to understand the relationship between energy consumption patterns and household characteristics for better DSM services. The proposed method uses a clustering algorithm to generate optimal customer groups for DSM and a deep learning model for training. The model can predict the possibility of DSM membership for a given household. The results demonstrate the usefulness of weekly energy consumption data and household socio-demographic information for distinguishing consumer groups and the potential for targeted DSM strategies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinglan Hou, Xiuping Zhong, Shuaishuai Nie, Yafei Wang, Guigang Tu, Yingrui Ma, Kunyan Liu, Chen Chen
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of utilizing a multi-level horizontal branch well heat recovery system in the Qiabuqia geothermal field. The research systematically investigates the effects of various engineering parameters on production temperature, establishes mathematical models to describe their relationships, and evaluates the economic viability of the system. The findings demonstrate the significant economic feasibility of the multi-level branch well system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Longxin Zhang, Songtao Wang, Site Hu
Summary: This investigation reveals the influence of tip leakage flow on the modern transonic rotor and finds that the increase of tip clearance size leads to a decline in rotor performance. However, an optimal tip clearance size can extend the rotor's stall margin.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kristian Gjoka, Behzad Rismanchi, Robert H. Crawford
Summary: This paper proposes a framework for assessing the performance of 5GDHC systems and demonstrates it through a case study in a university campus in Melbourne, Australia. The results show that 5GDHC systems are a cost-effective and environmentally viable solution in mild climates, and their successful implementation in Australia can create new market opportunities and potential adoption in other countries with similar climatic conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianwei Li, Guotai Wang, Panpan Yang, Yongshuang Wen, Leian Zhang, Rujun Song, Chengwei Hou
Summary: This study proposes an orientation-adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester by introducing a rotatable bluff body, which allows for self-regulation to cater for changing wind flow direction. Experimental results show that the output power of the energy harvester can be greatly enhanced with increased rotatory inertia of the rotating bluff body, providing a promising solution for harnessing wind-induced vibration energy.