Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Antidiabetic Medications on Bone Metabolism

Purpose of Review This review focuses on the complex interactions between hyperglycemia and bone fragility and the effects of antidiabetic medications on bone metabolism. Recent Findings Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of bone fracture even in those with increased or normal bone mineral density (BMD). The pathophysiology of diabetic bone disease is not completely understood, but it is thought to be multifactorial and associated with complex cross talk among factors such as AGEs, IGF-1, enteric hormones, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment for T2D may have an impact on bone metabolism. Diabetic bone disease should be considered a serious complication of long-standing T2D.