Review
Environmental Sciences
Xing Zhu, Chenxi Du, Bo Gao, Bin He
Summary: High carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere calls for eco-friendly mitigation strategies. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) immobilization can enhance its stability and enzyme recycling, but there is limited mass transfer between gaseous CO2 and the active center of immobilized CA. This review focuses on improving the mass transfer process to increase the efficiency of enzymatic CO2 capture for industrial applications.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Johannes Gottschalk, Miriam Assmann, Juergen Kuballa, Lothar Elling
Summary: The study focused on enzymatic synthesis of industrial hyaluronic acid, using immobilized cascade enzymes on magnetic beads to increase productivity and facilitate enzyme recovery. Results showed successful production of high-quality HA in repetitive batches.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sebastian C. Cosgrove, Gavin J. Miller, Amin Bornadel, Beatriz Dominguez
Summary: The immobilization of nitroreductase enzyme enables continuous chemoenzymatic synthesis of anilines. The application of biocatalysis in classical synthetic transformations has gained attention due to the sustainability benefits it offers to the chemical industry. However, the biocatalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using nitroreductase biocatalysts has not been extensively explored in synthetic chemistry. This study demonstrates the successful reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using immobilized nitroreductase in a continuous packed-bed reactor, allowing for extended reuse of the immobilized system.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jian Peng, Enhui Wu, Xiaoxuan Lou, Qian Deng, Xiaohong Hou, Chongning Lv, Qi Hu
Summary: In this study, a MOF/PVA/Lac composite with excellent enzymatic properties for degrading AQs and removing alizarin green efficiently was synthesized. The degradation product p-toluidine was identified using molecular docking, mass spectrometry, and 2DNMR, confirming the reaction mechanism C-alpha oxidation.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniel A. Grajales-Hernandez, Eleftheria Diamanti, Riccardo Moro, Susana Velasco-Lozano, Elisabet Pires, Fernando Lopez-Gallego
Summary: In this study, a multienzymatic system was designed to synthesize drugs, and the reaction efficiency and product purity were improved by controlling the spatial organization of enzymes. The results showed that optimal assembly of biocatalysts can alleviate inhibition and enhance reaction rate. Furthermore, integrating a coenzyme regeneration system with the biocatalyst allowed large-scale synthesis of the substrate.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Christopher K. Prier, Karla Camacho Soto, Jacob H. Forstater, Nadine Kuhl, Jeffrey T. Kuethe, Wai Ling Cheung-Lee, Michael J. Di Maso, Claire M. Eberle, Shane T. Grosser, Hsing- Ho, Erik Hoyt, Anne Maguire, Kevin M. Maloney, Amanda Makarewicz, Jonathan P. McMullen, Jeffrey C. Moore, Grant S. Murphy, Karthik Narsimhan, Weilan Pan, Nelo R. Rivera, Anumita Saha-Shah, David A. Thaisrivongs, Deeptak Verma, Adeya Wyatt, Daniel Zewge
Summary: Enzymes immobilized on solid supports in organic solvents have been used to catalyze a biocatalytic transaminase reaction, resulting in efficient and selective chemical synthesis. The advantages of enzyme immobilization include improved reaction efficiency, enhanced enzyme stability, reaction in non-aqueous media, and simplified product separation. By combining directed enzyme evolution with optimal reaction solvent and solid support for immobilization, the transaminase reaction of Cyrene (2) was successfully carried out, producing the amine intermediate 3a en route to the BTK inhibitor nemtabrutinib as a crystalline salt with dr > 50:1.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Duane S. Juang, Yi-Ren Huo, Hsin-Kai Tseng, Chih-Chen Chen, Chia-Hsien Hsu, Chun-Cheng Lin
Summary: Enzymes are important catalysts in biochemical reactions, but face drawbacks such as product inhibition and difficulty recycling. This study presents a microfluidic reactor that removes products and adds fresh substrate in a countercurrent design, improving enzyme reaction conditions. The countercurrent flow was shown to accelerate enzymatic reactions by 36% for horseradish peroxidase and 21% for β-glucosidase, producing highly pure products with minimal substrate contamination.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Oliwia Degorska, Daria Szada, Agata Zdarta, Wojciech Smulek, Teofil Jesionowski, Jakub Zdarta
Summary: In this study, lipase immobilized from Aspergillus niger by physical immobilization and mixed physical immobilization and ion exchange was used for kinetic resolution of the ketoprofen racemic mixture. The immobilized lipase showed improved activity and stability, and phosphate buffer at pH 7 was found to be the best solvent.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Roura Padros, Francesca Paradisi
Summary: Protein bioinformatics has been widely used in enzyme engineering and discovery, but its application in enzyme immobilization is still limited. This study presents the use of bioinformatic tools to rationalize the results of protein immobilization, moving us closer to predictive enzyme immobilization protocols.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marina S. Robescu, Andres R. Alcantara, Cinzia Calvio, Carlo F. Morelli, Giovanna Speranza, Daniela Ubiali, Teodora Bavaro
Summary: In this study, t-Theanine (t-Th) was synthesized by simply mixing t-glutamine and ethylamine in water at 25 degrees C using Bacillus subtilis gamma-glutamyl transferase (BsGGT) immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose. The optimal conditions for the reaction were a molar ratio of donor/acceptor of 1:8, pH 11.6, 1 IU mL(-1) of enzymatic units, and a reaction time of 6 hours, resulting in a 93% isolated yield of t-Th with high purity (99%). The immobilized BsGGT could be reused for four reaction cycles with 100% activity retention. This enzymatic synthesis provides a straightforward, fast, high-yielding, and easily scalable approach to t-Th preparation with favorable green chemistry metrics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lorena Wilson, Andres Illanes, Carminna Ottone, Oscar Romero
Summary: The production of lactofructose syrup from lactose through enzymatic conversion is a prime example of the circular economy, showcasing the possibilities of co-immobilized multi-enzyme systems. Understanding the key aspects of enzyme co-immobilization and the operating conditions is essential for developing successful biotransformation technologies.
CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiangxiang Wang, Youyu Xie, Zhicai Wang, Ke Zhang, Hualei Wang, Dongzhi Wei
Summary: We developed a continuous flow system for the synthesis of a key intermediate for a novel inhibitor. The immobilized omega-transaminase on a modified resin showed high activity recovery and stability, achieving outstanding reaction efficiency in a continuous operation for 24 hours. This system has the potential for large-scale production of the key intermediate.
ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hao Zhang, Luke Liu, Manuel Pinelo, Yuhong Huang, Weiqing Zhou, Yinhua Wan, Jianquan Luo
Summary: In this study, a novel enzymatic packed bed membrane reactor (EPBMR) was developed by integrating the advantages of both packed bed reactor (PBR) and enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR), enabling efficient and stable bioconversions. The use of microspheres and alkaline cleaning mitigated membrane fouling, and the selection of proper ultrafiltration membranes successfully produced oligodextran with desired properties.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jing Wang, Yongqin Lv
Summary: The study prepared ultrathin polydopamine microcapsules for the immobilization of multienzymes using a MOF template, which significantly improved catalytic efficiency and product yield. The encapsulated enzymes showed high activity and efficiency, providing a new method for multienzyme immobilization in relevant reactions.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Satyadip Paul, Mani Gupta, Kaushik Dey, Ashok Kumar Mahato, Saikat Bag, Arun Torris, E. Bhoje Gowd, Hasnain Sajid, Matthew A. Addicoat, Supratim Datta, Rahul Banerjee
Summary: In this study, a hierarchical TpAzo COF-foam with micro-, meso-, and macroporosity was synthesized using an in situ CO2 gas effervescence technique. The resulting TpAzo foam matrix showed higher immobilization efficiency for enzymes compared to the COF. The enzyme-immobilized TpAzo foam exhibited activity and stability, and was successfully utilized for a one-pot tandem conversion reaction with high recyclability.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yifan Ding, Huan Wang, Yunyun Wang, Long Li, Jiahui Ding, Caiyan Yuan, Tao Xu, Haoran Xu, Hui Xie, Ning Zhu, Xin Hu, Huang Fang, Songwei Tan
Summary: This study developed a co-delivery system of luteolin and TGF-beta 1 gene for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) using a polymer self-assembly technique. The results showed that this co-delivery system could inhibit inflammation, restore the balance of synthesis and catabolism, and delay the progression of IDD.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuzhan Wang, Tingting Shi, Zheng Fang, Chengkou Liu, Wei He, Ning Zhu, Yujing Hu, Xin Li, Kai Guo
Summary: A strategy integrating biotechnology and microtechnology was developed to enhance the optical purity of mandelic acids during kinetic resolution process. The study showed that the method achieved higher optical purity under optimal conditions and improved the kinetics properties.
JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Jinze Du, Di Gao, Dong Zhang, Xinxin Lin, Chengkou Liu, Ning Zhu, Zhao Yang, Wei He, Zheng Fang, Kai Guo
Summary: This article presents a metal-catalyst-free and external-oxidant-free electrochemical oxidative radical C-H ortho-trifluoromethylation. The reaction specifically occurs at the ortho-position of anilides without directing groups. Various anilides show good tolerance and provide the desired products in moderate to good yields. Additionally, the gram-scale amplified product of benzanilide is obtained with a yield of 64%, demonstrating its potential for application.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gaochen Xu, Xuemei Wang, Chenglong Jia, Huan Yan, Sai Zhang, Qinghuan Wu, Ning Zhu, Zheng Fang, Jindian Duan, Kai Guo
Summary: A FeCl2-catalyzed homocoupling of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketoximes in batch and flow conditions is reported, demonstrating broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance for the synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines. A gram-scale reaction was also performed to evaluate the applicability of this method.
ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuangfei Zhao, Runze Hu, Yingying Nie, Lianzhu Sheng, Wei He, Ning Zhu, Yuguang Li, Dong Ji, Kai Guo
Summary: By reducing the scale and optimizing the hole structure, the mixing efficiency of millimeter scale mixers can be improved, accompanied by reduced energy consumption and pressure drop.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xin Hu, Hui Zhang, Deqi Wu, Dongmei Yin, Ning Zhu, Kai Guo, Chunhua Lu
Summary: In this study, covalently bonded cross-linked inorganic-polymer nanocomposites were designed and prepared. By improving the dispersity of nanofillers in the matrix and forming a network structure, increased dielectric constant, suppressed dielectric loss, and elevated breakdown strength were achieved. The optimal sample exhibited an ultrahigh energy density, providing a potential alternative for the design of high-performance dielectric materials.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuangfei Zhao, Yingying Nie, Yimin Wei, Pengjie Yu, Wei He, Ning Zhu, Yuguang Li, Dong Ji, Kai Guo
Summary: The uniformity of mixing plays a crucial role in liquid-liquid two-phase chemical processes. This study proposes a specific surface area ratio to quantify the uniformity and designs a millimeter-scale mixer with a special baffle structure. By optimizing the baffle parameters, the specific surface area ratio and treatment capacity of the mixer are significantly improved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yingying Nie, Shuangfei Zhao, Pengjie Yu, Yimin Wei, Runze Hu, Wei He, Ning Zhu, Yuguang Li, Dong Ji, Kai Guo
Summary: Due to scale effects, directly enlarging the size of the micromixer is an easy way to reduce the efficiency of mass and heat transfer in the continuous flow chemical process. A scale-up microfluidic mixer with a porous structure was designed to improve the mass and heat transfer efficiency. The effects of rotation angle, porosity, and baffle spacing were studied to optimize the mixer structure. Compared with the 1 mm mixer without structure, the scale-up mixer has a higher mixing efficiency and an 80% reduction in energy consumption at Re >= 700. The heat transfer efficiency of the mixer during fluid heating was evaluated using a Nusselt number. The results show that the porous baffle promotes the generation of secondary flow and enhances the heat transfer effect, making its Nu increase by three times compared with the unstructured mixer. The scale-up microfluidic mixer with a porous structure effectively improves the mass and heat transfer performance. This study can provide a reference for the design or development of a novel scale-up mixer.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Huan Liang, Dongmei Yin, Lina Shi, Yihuan Liu, Xin Hu, Ning Zhu, Kai Guo
Summary: Functionalized cellulose has gained research interests for its potential in highly functional and environmentally friendly materials. Surface modification of cellulose via photo-induced click reaction integrates the advantages of photochemistry, click reaction, and surface modification. In this review, recent progress in cellulose surface modification using photo-induced click reactions is summarized. Different click reactions, such as thiol-X and cycloaddition reactions, are compared and their applications in cellulose modification are discussed. The challenges and outlook of photo-induced click reaction in cellulose surface modification are also addressed.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiming Yang, Shulin Wang, Fudong Bai, Xingmei Lu, Wei He, Zheng Fang, Ning Zhu, Kai Guo
Summary: Pretreatment of lignocellulose with a binary system consisting of 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride (BMIMCl) and arginine (Arg) at temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature of lignin (Tg-lignin) can effectively reduce cellulose crystallinity and lignin content, improving enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and reducing enzyme dosage.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Pengjie Yu, Shuangfei Zhao, Yingying Nie, Yimin Wei, Runze Hu, Wei He, Ning Zhu, Yuguang Li, Dong Ji, Kai Guo
Summary: This study designed and optimized a novel mixer with triangular-notched rectangular baffles structure, and characterized its performance by combining heat and mass transfer computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The results showed that the optimized mixer had a significant increase in mixing efficiency and heat transfer compared to the mixer without baffles structure. Furthermore, the scale-up strategy for continuous flow chemical process enhancement was provided by enlarging the size of the mixer with triangular-notched rectangular baffles structures.
NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yihuan Liu, Guoqing Zuo, Han Gao, Zhao Wu, Wei Huang, Canliang Ma, Jie Yin, Xin Hu, Ning Zhu, Kai Guo
Summary: Poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-epsilon-caprolactam) was successfully synthesized through ring-opening copolymerization and its thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that the thermal properties of the polymer varied with the ester content, and the mechanical properties decreased with increasing epsilon-caprolactone incorporation.
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Lu, Ruijia Wang, Muqing Si, Yi Zhang, Shuangshuang Wu, Ning Zhu, Wenqin Wang, Tao Chen
Summary: In this study, robust fluorescent polymeric hydrogel actuators with spatially anisotropic structures were constructed using an interfacial supramolecular assembly (ISA) approach, enabling control over synergistic shape/color-changing behaviors. The proposed ISA approach is universal and expected to open new avenues for developing bioinspired intelligent soft actuators/robotics with selective spatial shape/color-changing behaviors.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Man Yang, Jiawei Hua, Hao Wang, Tao Ma, Chengkou Liu, Wei He, Ning Zhu, Yujing Hu, Zheng Fang, Kai Guo
Summary: A metal-and oxidant-free pathway for the synthesis of azaspiro[4.5]decane-6,9-dione via photomediated iodinated spirocyclization has been developed. The reaction proceeds through a radical addition/ipso-cyclization/dearomatization process at room temperature, leading to the formation of C-C and C-I bonds. This green and convenient approach can be applied to the synthesis of various iodinated spirocyclization products in moderate to good yields.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Polymer Science
Yong-xin Tao, Lei-lei Chen, Yi-huan Liu, Xin Hu, Ning Zhu, Kai Guo
Summary: This review focuses on the self-assembly of silicon-containing block copolymers for sub 5 nm nanolithography. These block copolymers not only exhibit high etch contrast property but are also considered promising materials for nanolithography. The review provides a detailed discussion on the self-assembly of poly(dimethylsioxane)-based, poly(silicon containing styrene)-based, and poly(hedraloligomeric silsesquioxane)-based block copolymers, covering synthesis, characterizations, assembly conditions, and feature sizes. The challenges and opportunities in this field are also proposed.
ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA
(2022)
