Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 260, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127591
Keywords
Spore resistance; Atomic force microscopy; Activated sludge; Inactivation; Bacillus globigii
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This study examines the organization and morphology of Bacillus globigii (BG) spores, a common surrogate for Bacillus anthracis, which were seeded and then recovered at various times from several points within a conventional, pilot-scale activated sludge system. Recovered BG spores were enumerated, microscopically examined, and tested for resistance to chemical (i.e. 5% H2O2 for 8 min), thermal (80 degrees C for 30 min), and ultraviolet light (8 W, 254 nm UV for 1 min) inactivation. Spores exposed to activated sludge germinated, sporulated, and exhibited unique multilayer clustering patterns and statistically significant changes (p < 0.005) in dimensional morphology. Spores collected in the later experimental stages (i.e., during weeks 6 and 7) were significantly more resistant (p <= 0.05) to inactivation than those collected on the first day of testing. These results have direct consequences for sludge treatment requirements at wastewater treatment plants that receive spore-containing waste streams. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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