4.8 Article

The superior hydrothermal stability of Pd/SSZ-39 in low temperature passive NOx adsorption (PNA) and methane combustion

Journal

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
Volume 280, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119449

Keywords

Palladium; Zeolite SSZ-39; Passive NOx adsorber (PNA); Methane combustion

Funding

  1. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office
  2. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
  3. US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [66628]
  4. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL01830]
  5. Materials Synthesis and Simulation Across Scales (MS3) Initiative conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research & Development Program at PNNL

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Uniform SSZ-39 crystals were synthesized to support Pd for PNA, with Pd primarily dispersed as isolated Pd(II) and Pd(II)-OH centers suitable for low-temperature passive NOx adsorption. The new material exhibited superior hydrothermal stability compared to Pd/SSZ-13, surviving aging up to 815 degrees C without significant loss of activity. In addition to PNA, the hydrothermally stable material can also serve as a robust methane combustion catalyst under practical conditions.
Uniform SSZ-39 (Si/Al ratio similar to 12) crystals with an average size of about one micron were synthesized and used to support Pd (0.7-3 wt%) for PNA. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, Helium Ion Microscopy, HAADF-STEM imaging, Al-27, Si-29, and H-1-Si-29 CP solid state NMR spectroscopic techniques. FTIR studies with CO and NO probe molecules reveal that the majority of Pd is dispersed as isolated Pd(II) and Pd (II) - OH centers and as such is suitable as a low-temperature passive NOx adsorber. Pd(II)-NO, Pd(II)(OH)(NO), and Pd(II)(CO)(NO) complexes form in this material during PNA. Comparison to Pd/SSZ-13 (Si/Al similar to 12) shows the superior hydrothermal stability of this new material, surviving hydrothermal aging up to 815 degrees C in 10 % H2O/Air for 16 h without a significant loss of activity. The SSZ-39 crystal structure remains intact during hydrothermal aging up to 1000 degrees C confirmed by XRD and HAADF-STEM imaging/EDS mapping. However, changes to the framework, as evidenced by high-field 27 Al NMR, during such severe hydrothermal treatment significantly alter the NOx release profiles. Besides PNA, this hydrothermally stable material (3 wt% Pd on SSZ-39; Si/Al similar to 12) can be used as a robust methane combustion catalyst under practically relevant conditions (i.e., GHSV similar to 300 L/g*hr). This catalyst shows minimal deactivation after both hydrothermal aging at 750 and 800 degrees C and prolonged time on stream (105 h) at 425 degrees C. In contrast, both 3 wt% Pd/alumina and 3 wt% Pd/SSZ-13 lose a significant portion of their activity under such conditions, marking an improvement over current technology.

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