Recent Progress of Vacancy Engineering for Electrochemical Energy Conversion Related Applications

Controlled Synthesis of Co@N-Doped Carbon by Pyrolysis of ZIF with 2-Aminobenzimidazole Ligand for Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction and the Application in Zn–Air Battery

(2020) Minghui Zhang et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation on FeMoO4 Nanorods

(2020) Ke Chu et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Restructuring Metal–Organic Frameworks to Nanoscale Bismuth Electrocatalysts for Highly Active and Selective CO 2 Reduction to Formate

(2020) Paolo Lamagni et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Synergistically Tuning Electronic Structure of Porous β‐Mo 2 C Spheres by Co Doping and Mo‐Vacancies Defect Engineering for Optimizing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity

(2020) Yufei Ma et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Defect Engineering on Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

(2020) Yiqiong Zhang et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Designed Formation of Double‐Shelled Ni–Fe Layered‐Double‐Hydroxide Nanocages for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction

(2020) Jintao Zhang et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Vacancy Engineering of Fe-doped W18O49 Nanoreactors for Low-barrier Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction

(2020) Yueyu Tong et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Phosphorus Vacancies that Boost Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Two Orders of Magnitude

(2020) Jingjing Duan et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Role of Anionic Vacancy for Active Hydrogen Evolution in WTe2

(2020) Hagyeong Kwon et al.   APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE

Rational design of stable sulfur vacancies in molybdenum disulfide for hydrogen evolution

(2020) Yunxing Zhao et al.   JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS

Single-Atom Vacancy Defect to Trigger High-Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution of MoS2

(2020) Xin Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

The Role of Cation Vacancies in Electrode Materials for Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage: Synthesis, Advanced Characterization, and Fundamentals

(2020) Peng Gao et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

3D Honeycomb Nanostructure Comprised of Mesoporous N-Doped Carbon Nanosheets Encapsulating Isolated Cobalt and Vanadium Nitride Nanoparticles as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

(2020) Zhenjiang Li et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Nickel Foam‐Supported Amorphous FeCo(Mn)−O Nanoclusters with Abundant Oxygen Vacancies through Selective Dealloying for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution

(2020) Shuai‐Na Wu et al.   ChemElectroChem

Tuning Oxygen Vacancies of Oxides to Promote Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

(2020) Lulu Li et al.   ACS Energy Letters

Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Tuning Neighboring Single Copper Sites

(2020) Anxiang Guan et al.   ACS Energy Letters

Engineering Facets and Oxygen Vacancies over Hematite Single Crystal for Intensified Electrocatalytic H 2 O 2 Production

(2020) Ruijie Gao et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Defect Engineering for Fuel‐Cell Electrocatalysts

(2020) Wei Li et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

N2 Electroreduction to NH3 via Selenium Vacancy‐Rich ReSe2 Catalysis at an Abrupt Interface

(2020) Feili Lai et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Achieve Superior Electrocatalytic Performance by Surface Copper Vacancy Defects during Electrochemical Etching Process

(2020) Niankun Guo et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Boosting carbon dioxide electroreduction to C1 feedstocks via theory-guided tailoring oxygen defects in porous tin-oxide nanocubes

(2020) Haichuan He et al.   JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS

Oxygen vacancies enhance supercapacitive performance of CuCo2O4 in high-energy-density asymmetric supercapacitors

(2020) Yamin Feng et al.   JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES

Promoting Formation of Oxygen Vacancies in Two-Dimensional Cobalt-Doped Ceria Nanosheets for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

(2020) Shuaihu Jiang et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Two-Dimensional Amorphous SnOx from Liquid Metal: Mass Production, Phase Transfer, and Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction toward Formic Acid

(2020) Tingbiao Yuan et al.   NANO LETTERS

Approaching the activity limit of CoSe2 for oxygen evolution via Fe doping and Co vacancy

(2020) Yuhai Dou et al.   Nature Communications

Interface Engineering of Hierarchical Branched Mo‐Doped Ni 3 S 2 /Ni x P y Hollow Heterostructure Nanorods for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

(2020) Xu Luo et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Hierarchical ultrathin carbon encapsulating transition metal doped MoP electrocatalysts for efficient and pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction

(2020) Weiping Xiao et al.   Nano Energy

Efficient electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene boosted by copper vacancies on stepped cuprous oxide

(2020) Xiaona Ren et al.   Journal of CO2 Utilization

Sulfur‐Modified Oxygen Vacancies in Iron–Cobalt Oxide Nanosheets: Enabling Extremely High Activity of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction to Achieve the Industrial Water Splitting Benchmark

(2020) Linzhou Zhuang et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Filling the nitrogen vacancies with sulphur dopants in graphitic C3N4 for efficient and robust electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction

(2020) Ke Chu et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Atom vacancies induced electron-rich surface of ultrathin Bi nanosheet for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction

(2020) Meiming Zhao et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Boosting formate production at high current density from CO2 electroreduction on defect-rich hierarchical mesoporous Bi/Bi2O3 junction nanosheets

(2020) Dan Wu et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Nitrogen-Doped carbon coupled FeNi3 intermetallic compound as advanced bifunctional electrocatalyst for OER, ORR and zn-air batteries

(2020) Ding Chen et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Single-atom scale metal vacancy engineering in heteroatom-doped carbon for rechargeable zinc-air battery with reduced overpotential

(2020) Mengfan Wang et al.   CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Engineering Se vacancies to promote the intrinsic activities of P doped NiSe2 nanosheets for overall water splitting

(2020) Jinghuang Lin et al.   JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

Tuning local carbon active sites saturability of graphitic carbon nitride to boost CO2 electroreduction towards CH4

(2020) Zhou Chen et al.   Nano Energy

Regulation of Lamellar Structure of Vanadium Oxide via Polyaniline Intercalation for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery

(2020) Song Chen et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

1 T-phase molybdenum sulfide nanodots enable efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions

(2020) Xuesong Xu et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Oxygen vacancies enhanced cooperative electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrite ions to urea

(2020) Na Cao et al.   JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

Optimizing the electronic structure of cobalt via synergized oxygen vacancy and Co-N-C to boost reversible oxygen electrocatalysis for rechargeable Zn-air batteries

(2020) Jiayi Qin et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Amorphous MoS3 enriched with sulfur vacancies for efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction

(2020) Ke Chu et al.   Journal of Energy Chemistry

Bifunctional and efficient CoS2-C@MoS2 core-shell nanofiber electrocatalyst for water splitting

(2019) Yun Zhu et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Engineering Oxygen Vacancies into LaCoO3 Perovskite for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution

(2019) Yao Lu et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Highly crystalline Ni-doped FeP/carbon hollow nanorods as all-pH efficient and durable hydrogen evolving electrocatalysts

(2019) Xue Feng Lu et al.   Science Advances

High-Performance Electrocatalytic Conversion of N2 to NH3 Using Oxygen-Vacancy-Rich TiO2 In Situ Grown on Ti3 C2 T x MXene

(2019) Yanfeng Fang et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Boosting CO production in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction on highly porous Zn catalysts

(2019) Wen Luo et al.   ACS Catalysis

Two-Dimensional Mosaic Bismuth Nanosheets for Highly Selective Ambient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

(2019) Laiquan Li et al.   ACS Catalysis

Unique three-dimensional Mo2C@MoS2 heterojunction nanostructure with S vacancies as outstanding all-pH range electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution

(2019) Shaoshuai Yang et al.   JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS

NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays rich in oxygen deficiencies for hydrogen evolution reaction

(2019) Binbin Wei et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

Effect of Thermally Induced Oxygen Vacancy of α-MnO2 Nanorods toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction

(2019) X. Shi et al.   INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Stable Hierarchical Bimetal-Organic Nanostructures as HighPerformance Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

(2019) Wei Zhou et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Modular Design of Noble-Metal-Free Mixed Metal Oxide Electrocatalysts for Complete Water Splitting

(2019) Dandan Gao et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Oxygen Vacancies in Amorphous InO x Nanoribbons Enhance CO2 Adsorption and Activation for CO2 Electroreduction

(2019) Junbo Zhang et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

New Simultaneous Exfoliation and Doping Process for Generating MX2 Nanosheets for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

(2019) Van-Truong Nguyen et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Oxygen Vacancies of Cr-Doped CeO2 Nanorods That Efficiently Enhance the Performance of Electrocatalytic N2 Fixation to NH3 under Ambient Conditions

(2019) Hongtao Xie et al.   INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Synthesis of Cu/CeO2-x Nanocrystalline Heterodimers with Interfacial Active Sites To Promote CO2 Electroreduction

(2019) Seyedeh Behnaz Varandili et al.   ACS Catalysis

Three-Dimensional Dendritic Cu–Co–P Electrode by One-Step Electrodeposition on a Hydrogen Bubble Template for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

(2019) Yoo Sei Park et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Enhanced the Hydrogen Evolution Performance by Ruthenium Nanoparticles Doped into Cobalt Phosphide Nanocages

(2019) Chong-Dian Si et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Triggering surface oxygen vacancies on atomic layered molybdenum dioxide for a low energy consumption path toward nitrogen fixation

(2019) Gong Zhang et al.   Nano Energy

Electrochemical Synthesis of Cation Vacancy-Enriched Ultrathin Bimetallic Oxyhydroxide Nanoplatelets for Enhanced Water Oxidation

(2019) Jian Du et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Co 3 O 4 Nanoparticles with Ultrasmall Size and Abundant Oxygen Vacancies for Boosting Oxygen Involved Reactions

(2019) Zhe Li et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Defect‐Rich Nitrogen Doped Co 3 O 4 /C Porous Nanocubes Enable High‐Efficiency Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis

(2019) Zhichao Wang et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Nitrogen Vacancies on 2D Layered W 2 N 3 : A Stable and Efficient Active Site for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction

(2019) Huanyu Jin et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Zirconium‐Regulation‐Induced Bifunctionality in 3D Cobalt–Iron Oxide Nanosheets for Overall Water Splitting

(2019) Liangliang Huang et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Co Nanoislands Rooted on Co–N–C Nanosheets as Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Zn–Air Batteries

(2019) Peng Yu et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Kirkendall Effect for Engineering Oxygen Vacancy of Hollow Co3O4 Nanoparticles toward High-Performance Portable Zinc-air Batteries

(2019) Dongxiao Ji et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Boosting Hydrogen Oxidation Activity of Ni in Alkaline Media through Oxygen Vacancy-Rich CeO2/Ni Heterostructures

(2019) Wei Luo et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Promoting electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formate with rich oxygen vacancies in nanoporous tin oxides

(2019) Tengfei Gao et al.   CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS

Engineering of molybdenum sulfide nanostructures towards efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

(2019) Sheng Xie et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

Building MoS2/S-doped g-C3N4 layered heterojunction electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

(2019) Shuo Geng et al.   JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS

Fe2O3 nanocatalysts on N-doped carbon nanomaterial for highly efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution in alkaline

(2019) Jibo Jiang et al.   JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES

Disordered CoFePi nanosheets with rich vacancies as oxygen evolving electrocatalysts: Insight into the local atomic environment

(2019) Yuqin Zou et al.   JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES

Efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO promoted by sulfur vacancies

(2019) Binhao Qin et al.   Nano Energy

Updating the Intrinsic Activity of a Single-Atom Site with a P–O Bond for a Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery

(2019) He Sun et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Hierarchical Assembly of Prussian Blue Derivatives for Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction

(2019) Yueqing Wang et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Constructing Conductive Interfaces between Nickel Oxide Nanocrystals and Polymer Carbon Nitride for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

(2019) Chengan Liao et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Synergistic Catalysis over Iron‐Nitrogen Sites Anchored with Cobalt Phthalocyanine for Efficient CO 2 Electroreduction

(2019) Long Lin et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Carbon nanotubes with rich pyridinic nitrogen for gas phase CO2 electroreduction

(2019) Chen Ma et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Front Cover: Single‐Atom Catalysts for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions (Chem. Asian J. 17/2019)

(2019) Yuan Qiu et al.   Chemistry-An Asian Journal

An Iron Quaterpyridine Complex as Precursor for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to Methane

(2019) Claudio Cometto et al.   ChemSusChem

Oxygen Vacancy–Rich In‐Doped CoO/CoP Heterostructure as an Effective Air Cathode for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries

(2019) Wei Jin et al.   Small

Defect‐Enriched Nitrogen Doped–Graphene Quantum Dots Engineered NiCo 2 S 4 Nanoarray as High‐Efficiency Bifunctional Catalyst for Flexible Zn‐Air Battery

(2019) Wenwen Liu et al.   Small

Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Alcohols with High Selectivity over a Two-Dimensional Fe2P2S6 Nanosheet

(2019) Lei Ji et al.   ACS Catalysis

Metal–Nonmetal One-Dimensional Electrocatalyst: AuPdP Nanowires for Ambient Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

(2019) Hongjing Wang et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

In-situ coalesced vacancies on MoSe2 mimicking noble metal: Unprecedented Tafel reaction in hydrogen evolution

(2019) Junghyun Lee et al.   Nano Energy

Oxygen Vacancy–Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performances of TiO 2 Nanosheets toward N 2 Reduction Reaction

(2019) Caihong Fang et al.   Advanced Materials Interfaces

Multi-component nanoporous alloy/(oxy)hydroxide for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis and rechargeable Zn-air batteries

(2019) Gang Fang et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Tremella-like Ni3S2/MnS with ultrathin nanosheets and abundant oxygen vacancies directly used for high speed overall water splitting

(2019) Yong Zhang et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Carbon‐Nanotube‐Supported Copper Polyphthalocyanine for Efficient and Selective Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction to CO

(2019) Dilan Karapinar et al.   ChemSusChem

Tungsten phosphide (WP) nanoparticles with tunable crystallinity, W vacancies, and electronic structures for hydrogen production

(2019) Xiangyong Zhang et al.   ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA

Interface and defect engineer of titanium dioxide supported palladium or platinum for tuning the activity and selectivity of electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction

(2019) Jiali Lv et al.   JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

Oxygen Doping Induced by Nitrogen Vacancies in Nb 4 N 5 Enables Highly Selective CO 2 Reduction

(2019) Jiantao Fu et al.   Small

Metallocene implanted metalloporphyrin organic framework for highly selective CO2 electroreduction

(2019) Zhifeng Xin et al.   Nano Energy

Antiperovskite Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction

(2019) Hao Zhang et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Controlled Synthesis of a Vacancy-Defect Single-Atom Catalyst for Boosting CO2 Electroreduction

(2019) Xin Rong et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

N-enriched porous carbon encapsulated bimetallic phosphides with hierarchical structure derived from controlled electrodepositing multilayer ZIFs for electrochemical overall water splitting

(2019) Lijun Yang et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Engineering oxygen vacancies of cobalt tungstate nanoparticles enable efficient water splitting in alkaline medium

(2019) Fang Luo et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Cobalt nitride embedded holey N-doped graphene as advanced bifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn-Air batteries and overall water splitting

(2019) Xinxin Shu et al.   CARBON

A simple strategy to construct cobalt oxide-based high-efficiency electrocatalysts with oxygen vacancies and heterojunctions

(2019) Junwei Chen et al.   ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA

Degradation-resistant waste plastics derived carbon supported MoS2 electrocatalyst: high‒nitrogen dependent activity for hydrogen evolution reaction

(2019) Ying Zhao et al.   ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA

Oxygen vacancies engineered CoMoO4 nanosheet arrays as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

(2019) Kai Chi et al.   JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS

Rich P vacancies modulate Ni2P/Cu3P interfaced nanosheets for electrocatalytic alkaline water splitting

(2019) Jinghuang Lin et al.   JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

Tuning the Coordination Environment in Single-Atom Catalysts to Achieve Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reactions

(2019) Jinqiang Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Enhanced N2 Electroreduction over LaCoO3 by Introducing Oxygen Vacancies

(2019) Yan Liu et al.   ACS Catalysis

Atomically Dispersed Mo Supported on Metallic Co 9 S 8 Nanoflakes as an Advanced Noble‐Metal‐Free Bifunctional Water Splitting Catalyst Working in Universal pH Conditions

(2019) Ligang Wang et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Atomic Structure Modification for Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

(2019) Xinrui Chen et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Controlled Synthesis of Hollow Bimetallic Prussian Blue Analog for Conversion into Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst

(2019) Jinzhen Huang et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Well-dispersed SnO2 nanocrystals on N-doped carbon nanowires as efficient electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction

(2019) Baohua Zhang et al.   Journal of Energy Chemistry

Defective ZnS nanoparticles anchored in situ on N-doped carbon as a superior oxygen reduction reaction catalyst

(2019) Libing Hu et al.   Journal of Energy Chemistry

Oxygen vacancy enhancing mechanism of nitrogen reduction reaction property in Ru/TiO2

(2019) Shan Cheng et al.   Journal of Energy Chemistry

Rational strain engineering in delafossite oxides for highly efficient hydrogen evolution catalysis in acidic media

(2019) Filip Podjaski et al.   Nature Catalysis

Insights into the role of cation vacancy for significantly enhanced electrochemical nitrogen reduction

(2019) Xiaohui Yang et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

High-Index Faceted Porous Co3O4 Nanosheets with Oxygen Vacancies for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation

(2018) Renjie Wei et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Oxygen Vacancy-Determined Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction in NiCo2O4/Hollow Carbon Spheres

(2018) Hui Yuan et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Engineering NiS/Ni2P Heterostructures for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

(2018) Xin Xiao et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Polyoxometalate-Promoted Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction at Nanostructured Silver in Dimethylformamide

(2018) Si-Xuan Guo et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Boosting Oxygen Reduction Catalysis with N-doped Carbon Coated Co9S8 Microtubes

(2018) Zexing Wu et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Fe Vacancies Induced Surface FeO6 in Nanoarchitectures of N-Doped Graphene Protected β-FeOOH: Effective Active Sites for pH-Universal Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction

(2018) Yan Li et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Iron Vacancies Induced Bifunctionality in Ultrathin Feroxyhyte Nanosheets for Overall Water Splitting

(2018) Bin Liu et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Preferential Cation Vacancies in Perovskite Hydroxide for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

(2018) Dawei Chen et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Defect Engineering Metal-Free Polymeric Carbon Nitride Electrocatalyst for Effective Nitrogen Fixation under Ambient Conditions

(2018) Chade Lv et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Oxygen Vacancies in ZnO Nanosheets Enhance CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to CO

(2018) Zhigang Geng et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

An Amorphous Noble-Metal-Free Electrocatalyst that Enables Nitrogen Fixation under Ambient Conditions

(2018) Chade Lv et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

One-step electrochemical strategy for in-situ synthesis of S,N-codoped graphene as metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

(2018) Fang Liu et al.   CARBON

Facile synthesis of N-doped carbon layer encapsulated Fe 2 N as an efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

(2018) Zaojin Liu et al.   CARBON

Porous Cobalt Oxynitride Nanosheets for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation

(2018) Wei Liu et al.   ChemSusChem

Carbon-supported MnO 2 nanoflowers: Introducing oxygen vacancies for optimized volcano-type electrocatalytic activities towards H 2 O 2 generation

(2018) Luci R. Aveiro et al.   ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA

Phosphorus-driven mesoporous Co 3 O 4 nanosheets with tunable oxygen vacancies for the enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

(2018) Qiucheng Xu et al.   ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA

Electronic structure engineering to boost oxygen reduction activity by controlling the coordination of the central metal

(2018) Yunhu Han et al.   Energy & Environmental Science

High-performance iron (III) oxide electrocatalyst for water oxidation in strongly acidic media

(2018) Wai Ling Kwong et al.   JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS

2D metal–organic-framework array-derived hierarchical network architecture of cobalt oxide flakes with tunable oxygen vacancies towards efficient oxygen evolution reaction

(2018) Yuanjian Li et al.   JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS

Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at Anion Vacancy of Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides: Ab Initio Computational Screening

(2018) Joohee Lee et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Dendrite-Embedded Platinum–Nickel Multiframes as Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalyst toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

(2018) Hyukbu Kwon et al.   NANO LETTERS

Tuning oxygen vacancies in two-dimensional iron-cobalt oxide nanosheets through hydrogenation for enhanced oxygen evolution activity

(2018) Linzhou Zhuang et al.   Nano Research

Supramolecular gel assisted synthesis of Co2P nanosheets as an efficient and stable catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

(2018) Zexing Wu et al.   NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY

Noble Metal-Free Nanocatalysts with Vacancies for Electrochemical Water Splitting

(2018) Min-Quan Yang et al.   Small

Dual-Native Vacancy Activated Basal Plane and Conductivity of MoSe2 with High-Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

(2018) Daqiang Gao et al.   Small

Tuning Surface Electronic Configuration of NiFe LDHs Nanosheets by Introducing Cation Vacancies (Fe or Ni) as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

(2018) Yanyong Wang et al.   Small

Recent Advances of Structurally Ordered Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Electrocatalysis

(2018) Weiping Xiao et al.   ACS Catalysis

Engineering Cobalt Defects in Cobalt Oxide for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution

(2018) Rongrong Zhang et al.   ACS Catalysis

Deconvolution of Utilization, Site Density, and Turnover Frequency of Fe–Nitrogen–Carbon Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts Prepared with Secondary N-Precursors

(2018) Nathaniel D. Leonard et al.   ACS Catalysis

Robust bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst with a “rigid and flexible” structure for air-cathodes

(2018) Gengtao Fu et al.   NPG Asia Materials

Ni3S2 Nanosheets in Situ Epitaxially Grown on Nanorods as High Active and Stable Homojunction Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

(2018) Miaomiao Tong et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Vertically Aligned MoS2 Quantum Dots/Nanoflakes Heterostructure: Facile Deposition with Excellent Performance toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

(2018) Amir Bayat et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Oxygen vacancies on TiO2 promoted the activity and stability of supported Pd nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction

(2018) Jing Li et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

One-step fabrication of tri-metallic PdCuAu nanothorn assemblies as an efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

(2018) Hongjing Wang et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

MoO3 nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic N2 fixation to NH3

(2018) Jingrui Han et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

A metal-vacancy-solid-solution NiAlP nanowall array bifunctional electrocatalyst for exceptional all-pH overall water splitting

(2018) Weiren Cheng et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Universal molecular-confined synthesis of interconnected porous metal oxides-N-C frameworks for electrocatalytic water splitting

(2018) Bo You et al.   Nano Energy

Porous cobalt oxide nanoplates enriched with oxygen vacancies for oxygen evolution reaction

(2018) Wenjing Xu et al.   Nano Energy

Engineering oxygen vacancy on NiO nanorod arrays for alkaline hydrogen evolution

(2018) Tong Zhang et al.   Nano Energy

Controllable etching of MoS 2 basal planes for enhanced hydrogen evolution through the formation of active edge sites

(2018) Zegao Wang et al.   Nano Energy

Recent Advances in Carbon-Based Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Zn−Air Batteries

(2018) Gengtao Fu et al.   ChemElectroChem

Recent Advances on Non-precious Metal Porous Carbon-based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

(2018) Dongdong Liu et al.   ChemElectroChem

Unconventional Nickel Nitride Enriched with Nitrogen Vacancies as a High-Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution

(2018) Bin Liu et al.   Advanced Science

pH Effects on the Selectivity of the Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Graphene-Embedded Fe–N–C Motifs: Bridging Concepts between Molecular Homogeneous and Solid-State Heterogeneous Catalysis

(2018) Ana Sofia Varela et al.   ACS Energy Letters

Nickel Vacancies Boost Reconstruction in Nickel Hydroxide Electrocatalyst

(2018) Qun He et al.   ACS Energy Letters

Recent Advances in CO2 Reduction Electrocatalysis on Copper

(2018) David Raciti et al.   ACS Energy Letters

Promoting Oxygen Evolution Reactions through Introduction of Oxygen Vacancies to Benchmark NiFe–OOH Catalysts

(2018) Majid Asnavandi et al.   ACS Energy Letters

Regulating the Charge and Spin Ordering of Two-Dimensional Ultrathin Solids for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

(2018) Youwen Liu et al.   Chem

CeOx Decorated NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution by Oxygen Vacancy Engineering

(2018) Xixi Wang et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Copper-Induced Formation of Structurally Ordered Pt–Fe–Cu Ternary Intermetallic Electrocatalysts with Tunable Phase Structure and Improved Stability

(2018) Jing Zhu et al.   CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS

Role of Oxygen Vacancy Defects in the Electrocatalytic Activity of Substoichiometric Molybdenum Oxide

(2018) Raana Kashfi-Sadabad et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Mechanistic Insights into Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction on Vanadium Nitride Nanoparticles

(2018) Xuan Yang et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Necklace-like Multishelled Hollow Spinel Oxides with Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Water Electrolysis

(2018) Shengjie Peng et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Nitrogen Doped Holey Carbon with MoS2-MoP Nanosheets for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Medium

(2018) Zexing Wu et al.   JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY

Efficient Co–N/PC@CNT bifunctional electrocatalytic materials for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions based on metal–organic frameworks

(2018) Jinjin Ban et al.   Nanoscale

Heterogeneous Co(OH)2 Nanoplates/Co3O4 Nanocubes Enriched with Oxygen Vacancies Enable Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysis

(2018) Hui Xu et al.   Nanoscale

High-Performance Electrohydrogenation of N2 to NH3 Catalyzed by Multishelled Hollow Cr2O3 Microspheres under Ambient Conditions

(2018) Ya Zhang et al.   ACS Catalysis

Modulating Electronic Structure of Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution

(2018) Ziqian Xue et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Exploring Indium-Based Ternary Thiospinel as Conceivable High-Potential Air-Cathode for Rechargeable Zn-Air Batteries

(2018) Gengtao Fu et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

A Facile Strategy to Construct Amorphous Spinel-Based Electrocatalysts with Massive Oxygen Vacancies Using Ionic Liquid Dopant

(2018) Jing Sun et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Hierarchical Hollow Spheres Assembled with ultrathin CoMn Double Hydroxide Nanosheets as Trifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting and Zn-Air Battery

(2018) Kaiyue Li et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Hollow cobalt oxide nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for Zn–air battery

(2018) Yuhui Tian et al.   Journal of Energy Chemistry

High Catalytic Activity of Oxygen-vacancy-rich Tungsten Oxide Nanowires Supported by Nitrogen-doped Reduced Graphene Oxides for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

(2018) Tadele Hunde Wondimu et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Sulphur edge and vacancy assisted nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped exfoliated tungsten disulfide: a superior electrocatalyst in hydrogen evolution reaction

(2018) anurupa Maiti et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Stabilizing the Oxygen Vacancies and Promoting Water-oxidation Kinetics in Cobalt Oxides by Lower Valence-state Doping

(2018) Jinsong Wang et al.   Nano Energy

Liquid-phase exfoliated ultrathin Bi nanosheets: Uncovering the origins of enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction on two-dimensional metal nanostructure

(2018) Wenjun Zhang et al.   Nano Energy

Formation of Enriched Vacancies for Enhanced CO2 Electrocatalytic Reduction over AuCu Alloys

(2018) Wenjin Zhu et al.   ACS Energy Letters

Engineering the Surface Metal Active Sites of Nickel Cobalt Oxide Nanoplates toward Enhanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis for Zn-Air Battery

(2018) Jun Zhao et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Modulating Electronic Structures of Inorganic Nanomaterials for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

(2018) Xinchuan Du et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Reaction Mechanisms of Well-Defined Metal-N4 Sites in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

(2018) Zheng Zhang et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Nickel cobalt phosphide with three-dimensional nanostructure as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes

(2018) Bo Ma et al.   Nano Research

Rational Design of Fe–N/C Hybrid for Enhanced Nitrogen Reduction Electrocatalysis under Ambient Conditions in Aqueous Solution

(2018) Ying Wang et al.   ACS Catalysis

A Water-Soluble Cu Complex as Molecular Catalyst for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Graphene-Based Electrodes

(2018) Jiong Wang et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Defect Engineering of Cobalt-Based Materials for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

(2018) Gen Huang et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Enhancing Catalytic Activity of MoS2 Basal Plane S-Vacancy by Co Cluster Addition

(2018) Sangwook Park et al.   ACS Energy Letters

Nitrogen Fixation by Ru Single-Atom Electrocatalytic Reduction

(2018) Hengcong Tao et al.   Chem

Electronic structure and d-band center control engineering over M-doped CoP (M = Ni, Mn, Fe) hollow polyhedron frames for boosting hydrogen production

(2018) Yuan Pan et al.   Nano Energy

Various strategies to tune the electrocatalytic performance of molybdenum phosphide supported on reduced graphene oxide for hydrogen evolution reaction

(2018) Zexing Wu et al.   JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

Metallic 1T-MoS2 nanosheets in-situ entrenched on N,P,S-codoped hierarchical carbon microflower as an efficient and robust electro-catalyst for hydrogen evolution

(2018) Jie Xiong et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Oxygen vacancies confined in ultrathin nickel oxide nanosheets for enhanced electrocatalytic methanol oxidation

(2018) Wenlong Yang et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Metal-organic framework derived Ni/NiO micro-particles with subtle lattice distortions for high-performance electrocatalyst and supercapacitor

(2018) Yang Jiao et al.   APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

Multiwall carbon nanotube encapsulated Co grown on vertically oriented graphene modified carbon cloth as bifunctional electrocatalysts for solid-state Zn-air battery

(2018) Yuanyuan Zhang et al.   CARBON

Nitrogen-doped graphitic carbons with encapsulated CoNi bimetallic nanoparticles as bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn–Air batteries

(2018) Liu Yang et al.   CARBON

Co-vacancy-rich Co1–x S nanosheets anchored on rGO for high-efficiency oxygen evolution

(2017) Jiaqing Zhu et al.   Nano Research

Hydrogen evolution activity enhancement by tuning the oxygen vacancies in self-supported mesoporous spinel oxide nanowire arrays

(2017) Dali Liu et al.   Nano Research

Study of the role of oxygen vacancies as active sites in reduced graphene oxide-modified TiO2

(2017) Yanhui Zhang et al.   PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS

Modest Oxygen-Defective Amorphous Manganese-Based Nanoparticle Mullite with Superior Overall Electrocatalytic Performance for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

(2017) Chao Dong et al.   Small

Electrochemical generation of sulfur vacancies in the basal plane of MoS2 for hydrogen evolution

(2017) Charlie Tsai et al.   Nature Communications

Oxygen Vacancies Confined in Nickel Molybdenum Oxide Porous Nanosheets for Promoted Electrocatalytic Urea Oxidation

(2017) Yun Tong et al.   ACS Catalysis

Single-Crystalline Ultrathin Co3 O4 Nanosheets with Massive Vacancy Defects for Enhanced Electrocatalysis

(2017) Zhao Cai et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Defect-Engineered Ultrathin δ-MnO2 Nanosheet Arrays as Bifunctional Electrodes for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

(2017) Yunxuan Zhao et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Room-Temperature Electrocatalytic Synthesis of NH3 from H2O and N2 in a Gas–Liquid–Solid Three-Phase Reactor

(2017) Shiming Chen et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Optimizing the ORR activity of Pd based nanocatalysts by tuning their strain and particle size

(2017) Weiping Xiao et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Perovskites decorated with oxygen vacancies and Fe–Ni alloy nanoparticles as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

(2017) Kaiyue Zhu et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Highly active two dimensional α-MoO3−x for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

(2017) R. S. Datta et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Synergistic effect of two actions sites on cobalt oxides towards electrochemical water-oxidation

(2017) Jinsong Wang et al.   Nano Energy

O 2 2- /O - functionalized oxygen-deficient Co 3 O 4 nanorods as high performance supercapacitor electrodes and electrocatalysts towards water splitting

(2017) Guanhua Cheng et al.   Nano Energy

Facile preparation of carbon sphere supported molybdenum compounds (P, C and S) as hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts in acid and alkaline electrolytes

(2017) Zexing Wu et al.   Nano Energy

Progress and Perspective of Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction for Renewable Carbonaceous Fuels and Chemicals

(2017) Wenjun Zhang et al.   Advanced Science

Activating and Optimizing Activity of CoS2 for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction through the Synergic Effect of N Dopants and S Vacancies

(2017) Jingyan Zhang et al.   ACS Energy Letters

Vertically Aligned FeOOH/NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides Electrode for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction

(2016) Jun Chi et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Plasma-Engraved Co3 O4 Nanosheets with Oxygen Vacancies and High Surface Area for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

(2016) Lei Xu et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Controllable selenium vacancy engineering in basal planes of mechanically exfoliated WSe2 monolayer nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

(2016) Ying Sun et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Towards high-efficiency nanoelectrocatalysts for oxygen reduction through engineering advanced carbon nanomaterials

(2016) Ming Zhou et al.   CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS

Overpotential-Induced Introduction of Oxygen Vacancy in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Surface and Its Impact on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalytic Activity in Alkaline Solution

(2016) Daisuke Kan et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Kinetic Study of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction over Strained MoS2 with Sulfur Vacancies Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

(2016) Hong Li et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Enhancing Perovskite Electrocatalysis through Strain Tuning of the Oxygen Deficiency

(2016) Jonathan R. Petrie et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doping of 3D hollow-structured carbon spheres as an efficient and stable metal free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

(2016) Zexing Wu et al.   Nanoscale

High-Sulfur-Vacancy Amorphous Molybdenum Sulfide as a High Current Electrocatalyst in Hydrogen Evolution

(2016) Ang-Yu Lu et al.   Small

Engineering surface atomic structure of single-crystal cobalt (II) oxide nanorods for superior electrocatalysis

(2016) Tao Ling et al.   Nature Communications

Top-Down Preparation of Active Cobalt Oxide Catalyst

(2016) Yue Zhou et al.   ACS Catalysis

Polyallylamine-Functionalized Platinum Tripods: Enhancement of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Proton Carriers

(2016) Guang-Rui Xu et al.   ACS Catalysis

Vacancy Engineering for Tuning Electron and Phonon Structures of Two-Dimensional Materials

(2016) Youwen Liu et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Production of Levoglucosenone and Dihydrolevoglucosenone by Catalytic Reforming of Volatiles from Cellulose Pyrolysis Using Supported Ionic Liquid Phase

(2016) Shinji Kudo et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Monolayer MoS2 with S vacancies from interlayer spacing expanded counterparts for highly efficient electrochemical hydrogen production

(2016) Yuzi Xu et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Ultrathin Spinel-Structured Nanosheets Rich in Oxygen Deficiencies for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation

(2015) Jian Bao et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Earth-Abundant Nanomaterials for Oxygen Reduction

(2015) Wei Xia et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Bifunctional Perovskite Oxide Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution in Alkaline Media

(2015) Shiva Gupta et al.   Chemistry-An Asian Journal

Metallic WO2–Carbon Mesoporous Nanowires as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

(2015) Rui Wu et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies

(2015) Hong Li et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Insight into the Effect of Oxygen Vacancy Concentration on the Catalytic Performance of MnO2

(2015) Li Li et al.   ACS Catalysis

Nonstoichiometric Perovskite CaMnO3−δ for Oxygen Electrocatalysis with High Activity

(2014) Jing Du et al.   INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Ca2Mn2O5 as Oxygen-Deficient Perovskite Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

(2014) Jaemin Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Low Overpotential in Vacancy-Rich Ultrathin CoSe2 Nanosheets for Water Oxidation

(2014) Youwen Liu et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Effects of Oxygen Vacancies and Reaction Conditions on Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pyrochlore-Type Lead-Ruthenium Oxide

(2014) Keitaro Fujii et al.   JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY

Reduced Mesoporous Co3O4Nanowires as Efficient Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts and Supercapacitor Electrodes

(2014) Yongcheng Wang et al.   Advanced Energy Materials

Mesoporous MnCo2O4with abundant oxygen vacancy defects as high-performance oxygen reduction catalysts

(2014) Tian Yi Ma et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Enhancing Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction on MnO2with Vacancies

(2013) Fangyi Cheng et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Enabling direct H2O2 production through rational electrocatalyst design

(2013) Samira Siahrostami et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Number of outer electrons as descriptor for adsorption processes on transition metals and their oxides

(2013) Federico Calle-Vallejo et al.   Chemical Science

Effect of Subsurface Vacancies on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Pt-Based Alloys

(2012) Rafael Callejas-Tovar et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry C