Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yanyan Duan, Gen Zhao, Xiaotao Liu, Jiale Ma, Shuyao Chen, Yanlin Song, Xiaodong Pi, Xuegong Yu, Deren Yang, Yiqiang Zhang, Feng Guo
Summary: High PCE and long-term stability are important for perovskite solar cells. By depositing CsPbBr3 perovskite film through vacuum co-evaporation and optimizing the preparation conditions, films with large grains and high crystallinity can be obtained to achieve high PCE. Controlling spinning speed of TiO2 precursor solution and thickness of CsPbBr3 film can enhance the PCE of solar cells under illumination conditions.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Bo Cao, Shouxin Zeng, Xingjie Lv, Wenxiu Gao, Yaojin Wang, Guoliang Yuan, Jun-Ming Liu
Summary: By using a 532 nm laser, giant bulk photostriction can be induced in MAPbBr(3-x)I(x) crystals, leading to a linear increase in crystal displacement, which is suitable for precise positioning in light-driven actuators.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marcel Ross, Stefanie Severin, Marvin Bjorn Stutz, Philipp Wagner, Hans Koebler, Martin Favin-Leveque, Amran Al-Ashouri, Paul Korb, Philipp Tockhorn, Antonio Abate, Bernd Stannowski, Bernd Rech, Steve Albrecht
Summary: Formamidinium iodide (FAI) based perovskite absorbers have shown to be ideal candidates for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. By co-evaporating FAPbI(3) and controlling the composition, stability of the black perovskite phase at room temperature is achieved. The addition of methylammonium iodide (MAI) during the co-evaporation process leads to good absorption properties and high PSC efficiencies, maintaining stability over long periods of operation.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Christian Wagner, Alberto Ferrari, Jurgen Schreuer, Jean-Philippe Couzinie, Yuji Ikeda, Fritz Koermann, Gunther Eggeler, Easo P. George, Guillaume Laplanche
Summary: The physical properties of ten single-phase FCC CrxMn20Fe20Co20Ni40-x high-entropy alloys were investigated. The lattice parameters of the alloys were nearly independent of composition, while the solidus temperatures increased linearly with increasing Cr content. The alloys did not exhibit ferromagnetism in a certain temperature range, and the temperature dependencies of their coefficients of thermal expansion and elastic moduli were independent of composition. Ab initio simulations qualitatively reproduced the magnetic transitions and magnetostriction observed in the alloys. The plastic deformation of the alloys was found to occur initially by the glide of perfect dislocations on {111} planes. The stacking fault energy (SFE) was determined and found to decrease with increasing Cr content. However, the calculated intrinsic SFEs were lower than the experimental values. The ab initio simulations showed that atomic relaxations, finite temperatures, and magnetism strongly influenced the intrinsic SFE.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xingwei Huang, Weizhen Wang, Chuanyong Cui, Hengqiang Ye, Zhiqing Yang
Summary: Interactions between different stacking faults (SFs) and microtwins (MTs) in gamma' precipitates within Ni-Co-based superalloys during creep were investigated. Significant segregation of Co and Cr was detected at SF-SF, SF-MT and MT-MT intersections. Local concentration of gamma' formers (Al and Ti) were decreased below 10 at.%, leading to localized transformation from chemically ordered gamma' to disordered gamma. Formation of gamma nanorods/nanoplates impeded twinning dislocations and superlattice dislocations, resisting creep deformation of the alloy.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Chandra Shakher Pathak, Bong-Jun Chang, Seulki Song
Summary: Perovskite solar cells face challenges in commercialization due to stability issues. Understanding the degradation pathways and fundamental material properties is crucial for improving their stability and achieving wide-scale deployment. Scanning probe microscopy, specifically conducting atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy, provides valuable insights into the electrical, passivation, hysteresis, and ion migration properties of perovskite materials at the nanoscale. This knowledge is essential for optimizing device design, improving performance, and advancing solar cell technology.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nurul Ridho Al Amin, Chih-Chien Lee, Yu-Chen Huang, Chun-Jen Shih, Richie Estrada, Sajal Biring, Meng-Hsueh Kuo, Chia-Feng Li, Yu-Ching Huang, Shun-Wei Liu
Summary: In this study, a highly stable photodetector was fabricated using Cs0.06FA0.94Pb(I0.68Br0.32)3 perovskite material through an all-vacuum process. The photodetector achieved a high current density under standard solar illumination and maintained a low current density at zero bias voltage. The device showed comparable performance to a silicon-based photodetector and maintained 95% of its initial performance after 960 hours of continuous exposure. The outstanding results were attributed to the all-vacuum deposition process, which provided a film with high stability and good uniformity, delaying the degradation process. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the degradation mechanism and understand the charge dynamics in the photodetector under different exposure times.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zongrui Pei, Shiteng Zhao, Martin Detrois, Paul D. Jablonski, Jeffrey A. Hawk, David E. Alman, Mark Asta, Andrew M. Minor, Michael C. Gao
Summary: Metallic alloys have been widely used in human civilization due to their balanced strength and ductility. This study proposes a possible mechanism based on the parameter kappa, which enhances the work-hardening ability of high-entropy alloys. The results offer a physical picture of the strengthening effects and can be used as a practical design principle for enhancing the strength-ductility synergy in metallic materials.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianran Liu, Xiaoming Zhao, Ping Wang, Quinn C. Burlingame, Junnan Hu, Kwangdong Roh, Zhaojian Xu, Barry P. Rand, Minjie Chen, Yueh-Lin Loo
Summary: This study demonstrates a transparent photovoltaic technology that absorbs ultraviolet light while maintaining high transparency and color neutrality. By precisely tuning the halide ratio during thermal co-evaporation, large-area perovskite films with ideal absorption cutoff can be achieved. The resulting transparent photovoltaics exhibit high visible transmittance, color rendering index, and output power density under solar illumination.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fafa Wu, Xiaoqi Li, Danmei Pan, Zhihua Sun, Junhua Luo, Xitao Liu
Summary: This study presents the development of a soft layered halide perovskite improper photoferroelectric material with a nonpolar lattice distortion, which exhibits a giant cross-coupled photostriction and a considerable photostrictive coefficient under the subtle competition and coupling between photoinduced carriers and inorganic lattice distortions.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiankun Xiong, Haibo Zhang, Fuheng Nie, Fen He, Jianping Yang, Zhan Hu, Zhongbo Wen, Haiyan Zhao, Xinjian Yuan
Summary: This study investigated the formation mechanisms of two carbides during surfacing welding, identifying a two-phase structure in the surfacing layer and discussing the mechanisms for the co-existence of different crystal structures. The relatively uniform microstructure of the surfacing layer, along with the presence of stacking faults, was analyzed in terms of Gibbs energy and forming energy.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Somnath Mahato, Arup Ghorai, Ajoy Mondal, Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava, Mantu Modak, Shreyasi Das, Samit K. Ray
Summary: Colloidal synthesized cubic alpha-CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals with smaller lattice constant and their nanoscale surface mapping have shown superior photovoltaic performance. Atomic scale transmission electron microscopy has been used to probe the precise arrangement of atoms in the nanocrystals, and theoretical calculations reveal the realization of direct band to band transition with a lower band gap. Nanoscale surface mapping and conductive atomic force microscopy have been employed to study the films deposited on different layers, and the carrier transport through grain interiors and boundaries has been investigated. Inverted perovskite solar cells using alpha-CsPbI3 as an absorber layer have achieved high power conversion efficiency, showing potential for future photovoltaic devices.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xingwei Huang, Xinzhe Zhou, Weizhen Wang, Chuanyong Cui, Hengqiang Ye, Zhiqing Yang
Summary: The presence of MTs increased the alloy's yield strength but changed the PLC effect type and increased serration amplitudes significantly. The interaction between dislocations and MTs created soft channels for dislocation glide, resulting in high serration amplitudes during deformation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yaqing Liu, Jinhai Yang, Qinrong Luo, Mingzhu He, Cuiling Zhang, Chong Liu, Huidong Yang, Shaohang Wu, Yaohua Mai
Summary: High-quality wide-bandgap (1.77 eV) perovskite films were fabricated by vacuum deposition through substrate modification and component regulation. The optimal device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.25% under 1000 lx LED illumination, with more than 84% of the initial PCE maintained after 53 days of aging. Furthermore, a module with an aperture area of 67.08 cm2 achieved PCEs of 13.25% and 9.70% under 1000 lx LED illumination and 1-sun AM1.5 G illumination, respectively.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ziyi Shao, Siwen You, Xiao Guo, Junting Xiao, Jinxin Liu, Fei Song, Haipeng Xie, Jiatao Sun, Han Huang
Summary: Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (PVK) thin films have attracted significant attention due to their tunable band gap and thickness-dependent quantum confinement effects. Vacuum deposition is a promising method for precise control of film thickness and composition. In this study, we fabricated long-term stable and high-quality ultrathin MAPbI(3) films using co-evaporation and investigated their temperature-dependent photoluminescence properties. Our findings suggest the importance of excess MAI vapor in sample preparation and provide insights into the bandgap and phase transition behavior of ultrathin PVK films.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alessandro Martulli, Neethi Rajagopalan, Fabrizio Gota, Toby Meyer, Ulrich W. Paetzold, Steven Claes, Alberto Salone, Jordy Verboven, Robert Malina, Bart Vermang, Sebastien Lizin
Summary: This paper evaluates the market potential and environmental sustainability of a scalable carbon-electrode-based perovskite solar cell (PSC) by comparing it with other PV technologies. The results show that this PSC has advantages of low cost, short energy payback period, and low greenhouse gas emissions.
PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ricardo G. Poeira, Ana Perez-Rodriguez, Aubin J. C. M. Prot, Marina Alves, Phillip J. Dale, Sascha Sadewasser
Summary: Micro-concentrator photovoltaics combine light concentration and low electrical losses to improve efficiency. A novel approach to produce arrays of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 micro absorber layers is demonstrated in this work, with a proof of principle of micro solar cells achieving an efficiency of 1.2% under 1 Sun. This presents a new material-efficient synthesis route for the fabrication of micro solar cells.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ahmed Farag, Thomas Feeney, Ihteaz M. Hossain, Fabian Schackmar, Paul Fassl, Kathrin Kuester, Rainer Baeuerle, Marco A. Ruiz-Preciado, Mario Hentschel, David B. Ritzer, Alexander Diercks, Yang Li, Bahram Abdollahi Nejand, Felix Laufer, Roja Singh, Ulrich Starke, Ulrich W. Paetzold
Summary: Engineering of the interface between perovskite absorber thin films and charge transport layers has significantly advanced perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology. The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAM-HTLs) as hole transport layers has led to almost lossless contacts, improving power conversion efficiency. This study demonstrates the successful vacuum-based evaporation of carbazole-based SAM-HTLs, which exhibit comparable performance to solution-processed counterparts, and also improves perovskite wetting and fabrication yield.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Osbel Almora, Derya Baran, Guillermo C. Bazan, Carlos I. Cabrera, Sule Erten-Ela, Karen Forberich, Fei Guo, Jens Hauch, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie, T. Jesper Jacobsson, Rene A. J. Janssen, Thomas Kirchartz, Nikos Kopidakis, Maria A. Loi, Richard R. Lunt, Xavier Mathew, Michael D. McGehee, Jie Min, David B. Mitzi, Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin, Jenny Nelson, Ana F. Nogueira, Ulrich W. Paetzold, Barry P. Rand, Uwe Rau, Henry J. Snaith, Eva Unger, Lidice Vaillant-Roca, Chenchen Yang, Hin-Lap Yip, Christoph J. Brabec
Summary: This article summarizes the best achievements in the performance of emerging photovoltaic devices in various research subjects, as reported in peer-reviewed articles since August 2021. The article provides updated graphs, tables, and analyses of performance parameters, and compares them based on the photovoltaic bandgap energy and average visible transmittance. The scope of the report is expanded to include triple junction solar cells.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
The Duong, Thuan Nguyen, Keqing Huang, Huyen Pham, Sunita Gautam Adhikari, Motiur Rahman Khan, Leiping Duan, Wensheng Liang, Kean Chern Fong, Heping Shen, Anh Dinh Bui, Azul Osorio Mayon, Thien Truong, Grace Tabi, Viqar Ahmad, Sachin Surve, Jingnan Tong, Teng Kho, Thanh Tran-Phu, Teng Lu, Jianghui Zheng, Ulrich W. Paetzold, Uli Lemmer, Anita Ho Baillie, Yun Liu, Gunther Andersson, Thomas White, Klaus Weber, Kylie Catchpole
Summary: In this study, 4-methylphenethylammonium chloride (4M-PEACl) is added into a MA-free perovskite precursor, which greatly improves the bulk quality and surface chemistry of the perovskite. The MA-free perovskite solar cells achieve a steady state efficiency of 23.7% and show excellent light stability. Furthermore, a mechanically stacked perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell with a champion efficiency of 30.3% is obtained using this MA-free composition.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fabrizio Gota, Sophie X. X. An, Hang Hu, Bahram Abdollahi Nejand, Ulrich W. W. Paetzold
Summary: This study assesses the performance of bifacial all-perovskite tandem solar cells through energy yield simulations. The results show that under realistic irradiation conditions, bifacial cells outperform monofacial cells in terms of energy production, especially with high reflectance ground. Additionally, low-bandgap perovskite semiconductors demonstrate enhanced stability under realistic operation conditions.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fabian Schackmar, Felix Laufer, Roja Singh, Ahmed Farag, Helge Eggers, Saba Gharibzadeh, Bahram Abdollahi Nejand, Uli Lemmer, Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa, Ulrich W. Paetzold
Summary: Vacuum-assisted growth (VAG) control is a promising method for controlling nucleation and crystallization of lead halide perovskite-based layers. Real-time monitoring of the VAG process is crucial for fabricating high-quality thin films. A multichannel photoluminescence and reflection imaging system is developed and used for in situ analysis of drying, nucleation, and crystal growth during VAG.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Felix Laufer, Sebastian Ziegler, Fabian Schackmar, Edwin A. Moreno A. Viteri, Markus Goetz, Charlotte Debus, Fabian Isensee, Ulrich W. W. Paetzold
Summary: Large-area processing is a challenge for perovskite solar cells. Machine learning methods offer potential for scalable fabrication and performance prediction through the analysis of labeled datasets.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christian Kameni Boumenou, Himanshu Phirke, Jonathan Rommelfangen, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Shiro Nishiwaki, Tom Wirtz, Romain Carron, Alex Redinger
Summary: Alkali post deposition treatments (PDTs) have been used to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cell devices. However, a detailed understanding of how PDTs impact the nanoscale optoelectronic properties is still lacking. In this study, various scanning probe techniques and spectroscopy methods were used to show that RbF PDT treatments result in an exchange of Rb with Cu at the surface. The existence of the RbInSe2 phase is unlikely to be responsible for the recent improvements in PCE.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pedro Santos, Pedro Anacleto, Daniel Brito, Shilpi Shital, Ricardo G. Poeira, Alice Debot, Phillip J. Dale, Sascha Sadewasser
Summary: This study presents a method for fabricating micro-structured semi-transparent Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGSe) solar cells using lithography and wet etch techniques. By selectively etching an opaque CIGSe solar cell with bromine and bleach solutions, a segmented micro-structured solar cell with transparent spaces was obtained. The CIGSe solar cell lines achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 12.4% for 1000 mu m width, demonstrating potential for building integrated CIGSe photovoltaics as windows.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kristina Geistert, Simon Ternes, David B. Ritzer, Ulrich W. Paetzold
Summary: This study demonstrates the interrelation between drying dynamics and the quality of gas-quenched perovskite thin films. By controlling the drying conditions, the researchers were able to achieve large-area, homogeneous perovskite thin films with high efficiency. The study provides guidelines for the design of future deposition systems.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lukas Klein, Sebastian Ziegler, Felix Laufer, Charlotte Debus, Markus Goetz, Klaus Maier-Hein, Ulrich W. Paetzold, Fabian Isensee, Paul F. Jaeger
Summary: This study utilizes deep learning and explainable artificial intelligence to understand and optimize the perovskite thin-film formation process, providing new insights and recommendations for scalable solar cell manufacturing.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ricardo G. Poeira, Daniel Siopa, Pedro Anacleto, Sascha Sadewasser, Phillip J. Dale
Summary: The properties of centimeter-sized thin-film compound semiconductors depend on the morphology and chemical composition of precursor layers. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) allows noninvasive imaging of these layers and enables the prediction of final material phases and device performance.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shangpu Liu, Mikael Kepenekian, Stanislav Bodnar, Sascha Feldmann, Markus W. Heindl, Natalie Fehn, Jonathan Zerhoch, Andrii Shcherbakov, Alexander Poethig, Yang Li, Ulrich W. Paetzold, Aras Kartouzian, Ian D. Sharp, Claudine Katan, Jacky Even, Felix Deschler
Summary: This study reveals the unique photoluminescence properties of hybrid perovskite semiconductor materials, which can achieve high luminescence yields and circularly polarized photoluminescence at room temperature. The excellent photoluminescence performance is attributed to the suppression of nonradiative loss channels and the high rates of radiative recombination. These findings pave the way for high-performance solution-processed photonic systems and chiral-spintronic logic at room temperature.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin Hacene, Felix Laufer, Simon Ternes, Ahmed Farag, Ronja Pappenberger, Paul Fassl, Somayeh Moghadamzadeh, Bahram Abdollahi Nejand, Thomas Feeney, Ian Howard, Ulrich W. Paetzold
Summary: This study presents a fast, non-invasive, quantitative in-line mapping technique based on intensity-dependent photoluminescence for large-scale production of high-quality polycrystalline perovskite thin films. It provides insights into perovskite quality and enables large-area quality control in industrial-scale perovskite photovoltaic production.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
