Article
Energy & Fuels
Ariany Zulkania, Rochmadi Rochmadi, Muslikhin Hidayat, Rochim Bakti Cahyono
Summary: This study investigates the reduction reactivity of pellets prepared from low-grade iron ore and palm kernel shells as a source of fuel in the steel industry. The results demonstrate that increasing the heating rate enhances the reduction reaction and shortens the reaction time.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raj Kumar Dishwar, Om Prakash Sinha
Summary: The reduction behavior of high flux hardened iron ore pellets of different basicity levels was studied at different temperatures, with the best-fit kinetic model and activation energy calculated. It was found that pellets with higher basicity levels had lower activation energies after reduction in a coal bed, making them suitable for steelmaking in Electric arc furnace/Linz-Donawitz Converter.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tulio M. Campos, Horacio A. Petit, Ricardo O. Freitas, Luis Marcelo Tavares
Summary: High-pressure grinding rolls have gained popularity for pressing iron ore concentrates since the 1990s. The authors have successfully used mathematical models to map industrial-scale operations based on operating conditions and feed characteristics. However, these models have only been used offline and under steady-state conditions. In this study, a novel online model was proposed and demonstrated to accurately predict throughput, power, and product size distribution in an industrialscale HPGR pressing iron ore concentrates.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mikko Iljana, Timo Paananen, Olli Mattila, Mikhail Kondrakov, Timo Fabritius
Summary: This study investigates the effect of pellet size on metallurgical properties and finds that an increase in pellet size decreases reducibility under unconstrained conditions and low-temperature reduction-disintegration, but increases cold crushing strength. Additionally, pellets sized 10-12.7 mm exhibit the highest final temperature and the highest reduction degree in the reduction-softening test. Thus, maximizing the use of 10-12.7 mm pellets is recommended in blast furnace operations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tulio M. Campos, Horacio A. Petit, Ricardo O. Freitas, Luis Marcelo Tavares
Summary: Besides the recent advances in high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) technology, new dynamic modeling and simulation approaches are being developed to capture real-time information of the grinding process using online tools. However, the proper application of these models as online digital assistants is still lacking. This study applies an online modeling approach as a digital assistant to predict the main HPGR performance variables and demonstrates its feasibility through simulation case studies.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zulfiadi Zulhan, Ferdinand Lo
Summary: The experiment involved mixing iron sand concentrate with coal to produce composite pellets using a mini rotating disc, followed by reduction in a muffle furnace. The total iron and titanium content increased during the reduction process, with iron nuggets primarily composed of iron and the slag consisting mainly of anatase or brookite.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Hong-Xing Zhao, Feng-Shan Zhou, L. M. Amutenya Evelina, Jin-Liang Liu, Yi Zhou
Summary: Industrial solid waste can be used as pellet additives to partially or completely replace bentonite binder, especially fly ash, red mud, and boron sludge. This approach not only improves the quality of pellets but also reduces costs, saves energy, and reduces pollution.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Rodrigo M. de Carvalho, Tulio M. Campos, Patricia M. Faria, Luis Marcelo Tavares
Summary: This study applied a mechanistic model to describe ball milling of iron ore pellet feed and validated the model through experiments, showing good agreement between predicted and measured results.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fakhreza Abdul, Prita Meilyvia Devalini, Yuli Setiyorini, Vuri Ayu Setyowati, Sungging Pintowantoro
Summary: This study investigates the effects of adding and laying reductant on the carbothermic reduction of laterite nickel ore. The results show that the ratio of inner and outer coal can affect the nickel recovery and content.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Pedro P. S. Cavalcanti, Horacio A. Petit, Anderson D. Thomazini, Rodrigo M. de Carvalho, Luis Marcelo Tavares
Summary: The study investigates mechanical degradation of iron ore pellets using a pneumatic gun device, finding that body breakage probability is influenced by the normal component of impact, and mass loss due to surface breakage can be well described by a model. Parameters affecting pellet breakage were estimated from data, and the model was validated successfully.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sam Reis, Peter J. Holliman, Ciaran Martin, Eurig Jones
Summary: The global steel industry produces millions of tonnes of iron ore sinter annually using fossil fuels. Sintering is an energy-intensive process that emits significant amounts of CO2. The study compared two iterations of a new biomass-coal hybrid fuel (ecoke(R)(A) and ecoke(R)(B)) with coke breeze and anthracite coal. The results showed that both ecoke(R) samples have the potential to replace up to 30% of the coke breeze in the sintering process or EAF processes to offset CO2 emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Aidin Heidari, Niusha Niknahad, Mikko Iljana, Timo Fabritius
Summary: This review focuses on the current research status of improving the green production of iron and steel industry, emphasizing the potential of hydrogen in steelmaking processes and cost control, and lists the key parameters affecting reduction kinetics. The research results show that increasing temperature, H-2/CO ratio, hydrogen flow rate, and hematite percentage can increase the reduction rate.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lingyun Yi, Nan Zhang, Zhikai Liang, Lin Wang, Huarong Xiao, Zhucheng Huang
Summary: The formation of ring substances in the rotary kiln is due to the sintering of metallic iron bonding pellets together, which are then cemented to the refractory lining by molten wrappage.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thomas Wolfinger, Daniel Spreitzer, Johannes Schenk
Summary: This article focuses on the use of iron ore ultra-fines in a novel hydrogen-based fluidized bed direct reduction process, analyzing the benefits of this process and the classification of iron ore ultra-fines in a fluidized bed. The effects of process conditions and the agglomeration phenomenon sticking on the fluidized bed were analyzed and evaluated with mathematical case studies, identifying sticking as the most critical issue.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Kien Trung Nguyen, Hoan Thanh Nguyen, Bac Quang Nguyen, Chuc Ngoc Pham, Dung Trung Doan, Chi Thi Ha Nguyen, Lim Thi Duong, Hoa Anh Bui, Que Anh Nguyen, Thuat Ngoc Pham, Du Duy Bui, Nhiem Ngoc Dao
Summary: The microstructures and kinetics of a rich iron ore from Na Rua mine in Vietnam used for iron production were studied. It was found that the spongy pellets had superior performance for reduction and showed impressive reduction activity when mixed with coal.
MINING METALLURGY & EXPLORATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Srinibash Mishra, Gour Gopal Roy
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2016)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Binay Kumar, Srinibash Mishra, Gour Gopal Roy, Prodip Kumar Sen
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2017)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Srinibash Mishra, Gour Gopal Roy
TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS
(2017)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
S. Mishra, G. G. Roy
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2018)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sooraj Saleem, Srinibash Mishra, Gour Gopal Roy
CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY
(2020)
