Journal
MICROORGANISMS
Volume 8, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101487
Keywords
carbapenemase; gulls; Portugal; ESBL; Enterobacteriaceae
Categories
Funding
- University of Fribourg
- Swiss National Science Foundation [FNS-31003A_163432, FNS-407240_177381]
- INSERM, Paris, France
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal [PTDC/DTP-EPI/0842/2014]
- ONEIDA Project [LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007660]
- FCT
- FEEI -Fundos Europeus Estruturais e de Investimento from Programa Operacional Regional Lisboa 2020
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In order to evaluate whether seagulls living on the Lisbon coastline, Portugal, might be colonized and consequently represent potential spreaders of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a total of 88 gull fecal samples were screened for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and for vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). A large proportion of samples yielded carbapenemase- or ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (16% and 55%, respectively), while only two MRSA and two VRE were detected. Mating-out assays followed by PCR and whole-plasmid sequencing allowed to identify carbapenemase and ESBL encoding genes. Among 24 carbapenemase-producing isolates, there were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%) and Escherichia coli (33%). OXA-181 was the most common carbapenemase identified (54%), followed by OXA-48 (25%) and KPC-2 (17%). Ten different ESBLs were found among 62 ESBL-producing isolates, mainly being CTX-M-type enzymes (87%). Co-occurrence in single samples of multiple ESBL- and carbapenemase producers belonging to different bacterial species was observed in some cases. Seagulls constitute an important source for spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria in the environment and their gut microbiota a formidable microenvironment for transfer of resistance genes within bacterial species.
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