Artificial intelligence enhanced two-dimensional nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is indispensable to molecule structure determination. Nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond has been proposed and developed as an outstanding quantum sensor to realize NMR in nanoscale or even single molecule. However, like conventional multi-dimensional NMR, a more efficient data accumulation and processing method is necessary to realize applicable two-dimensional (2D) nanoscale NMR with a high spatial resolution nitrogen-vacancy sensor. Deep learning is an artificial algorithm, which mimics the network of neurons of human brain, has been demonstrated superb capability in pattern identifying and noise canceling. Here we report a method, combining deep learning and sparse matrix completion, to speed up 2D nanoscale NMR spectroscopy. The signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced by 5.7 +/- 1.3 dB in 10% sampling coverage by an artificial intelligence protocol on 2D nanoscale NMR of a single nuclear spin cluster. The artificial intelligence algorithm enhanced 2D nanoscale NMR protocol intrinsically suppresses the observation noise and thus improves sensitivity.