Review
Infectious Diseases
Loick P. Kojom Foko, Aditi Arya, Amit Sharma, Vineeta Singh
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of Indian literature on severe vivax malaria, providing evidence for P. vivax as the etiologic agent of severe malaria leading to deaths in some cases. Further research is needed on SVM in pregnancy, SVM in drug resistance, and correlations with cytoadherence in disease severity due to P. vivax.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Cindy S. Chu, Marie Stolbrink, Daniel Stolady, Makoto Saito, Candy Beau, Kan Choun, Tha Gay Wah, Ne Mu, Klay Htoo, Be Nu, Arunrot Keereevijit, Jacher Wiladpaingern, Verena Carrara, Aung Pyae Phyo, Khin Maung Lwin, Christine Luxemburger, Stephane Proux, Prakaykaew Charunwatthana, Rose McGready, Nicholas J. White, Francois Nosten
Summary: This study reviewed all malaria cases managed by the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit along the Thailand-Myanmar border between 2000 and 2016. The results showed that Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria had higher incidence and mortality rates in this area compared to areas of low seasonal malaria transmission.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Marina L. S. Santos, Roney S. Coimbra, Tais N. Sousa, Luiz F. F. Guimaraes, Matheus S. Gomes, Laurence R. Amaral, Dhelio B. Pereira, Cor J. F. Fontes, Ibrahim Hawwari, Bernardo S. Franklin, Luzia H. Carvalho
Summary: Severe thrombocytopenia is a key factor in the morbidity of Plasmodium vivax, and the analysis of inflammatory mediators and their regulatory miRNAs has provided insights into the mechanisms underlying PvST. IL-10 and IL-8 are identified as central mediators in PvST, and IL-10 plays a critical role in P. vivax-mediated thrombocytopenia according to supervised machine learning.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Suelen Queiroz Diniz, Maria Marta Figueiredo, Pedro Augusto Carvalho Costa, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Dhelio Batista Pereira, Mauro Shugiro Tada, Luis Carlos Crocco Afonso, Markus Kohlhoff, Carlos Leomar Zani, Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli, Fabiano Oliveira, Lis Ribeiro Antonelli
Summary: This study reveals that monocytes in patients with malaria produce high levels of inflammatory cytokines and also have a regulatory role through specific receptors, suggesting a dual role of monocytes in malaria.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Tobias Mourier, Denise Anete Madureira de Alvarenga, Abhinav Kaushik, Anielle de Pina-Costa, Olga Douvropoulou, Qingtian Guan, Francisco J. Guzman-Vega, Sarah Forrester, Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu, Cesare Bianco Junior, Julio Cesar de Souza Junior, Silvia Bahadian Moreira, Zelinda Maria Braga Hirano, Alcides Pissinatti, Maria de Fatima Ferreira-da-Cruz, Ricardo Lourenco de Oliveira, Stefan T. Arold, Daniel C. Jeffares, Patricia Brasil, Cristiana Ferreira Alves de Brito, Richard Culleton, Claudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro, Arnab Pain
Summary: Plasmodium simium, a malaria parasite of non-human primates, likely originated in South America from Plasmodium vivax and has recently acquired the ability to infect humans. Genetic analysis suggests that specific gene deletions in P. simium, especially in the Duffy-binding protein 1 (DBP1), may play a role in its ability to invade human red blood cells, leading to recent zoonotic infections.
Article
Immunology
Edwin Kamau, Jason W. Bennett, Anjali Yadava
Summary: Safety data on Plasmodium vivax controlled human malaria infection (PvCHMI) is limited due to the small number of studies conducted. However, mosquito bite-induced PvCHMI was found to be safe, with most infections being detected before clinical symptoms appeared. Sensitive molecular methods were effective in diagnosing infections early on, indicating their potential to alleviate clinical symptoms.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jack Adderley, Christian Doerig
Summary: This study fills gaps in the kinomes of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, highlighting their similarities and differences for target selection. It also identifies kinases that are not suitable targets for drug discovery due to their high similarity with human counterparts.
Article
Immunology
Ramin Mazhari, Eizo Takashima, Rhea J. Longley, Shazia Ruybal-Pesantez, Michael T. White, Bernard N. Kanoi, Hikaru Nagaoka, Benson Kiniboro, Peter Siba, Takafumi Tsuboi, Ivo Mueller
Summary: As progress is made towards eliminating malaria, the challenge of Plasmodium vivax becomes more apparent. In regions where both P. vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are co-endemic, the proportion of P. vivax cases has increased as transmission declines. The lack of advanced vaccines for P. vivax and limited potential candidates highlight the need for novel tools for accelerated elimination. In this study, researchers aimed to identify promising P. vivax proteins for a subunit vaccination approach by screening protein constructs and confirming previous results, as well as discovering four novel candidates with predicted protective efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Fang Huang, Li Zhang, Zhi-Gui Xia
Summary: This article highlights China's practices and experience in targeting vivax malaria control and elimination, including radical cure strategies, comprehensive but adaptive strategies, mass drug administration, and case-/focus-centered surveillance and response systems. After nearly 70 years of effort, China was certified as a malaria-free country in June 2021.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Gisele Tatiane Soares da Veiga, Matheus Ribeiro Moriggi, Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi, Marcelo Mueller-Santos, Letusa Albrecht
Summary: Malaria is a devastating infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, and finding an effective vaccine is a major challenge. Plasmodium vivax, the second most prevalent species, has been neglected for decades, leading to a lack of knowledge and vaccine development. The main difficulties in developing a P. vivax vaccine are its high genetic diversity and complex life cycle. This review presents the main findings of vivax malaria vaccines to date to support future investigations.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Luis Carlos Salazar Alvarez, Omaira Vera Lizcano, Dayanne Kamylla Alves da Silva Barros, Djane Clarys Baia-da-Silva, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Paulo Filemon Paolluci Pimenta, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes de Lacerda, Fabio Trindade Maranhao Costa, Stefanie Costa Pinto Lopes
Summary: In a Plasmodium vivax infection, gametocytes show increased distribution in bone marrow aspirant, indicating the organ's role as a parasite reservoir. Ex vivo assays demonstrate gametocyte adherence to bone marrow endothelial cells, with ICAM1 as a significant receptor and CD36 showing high adhesion rate without significance.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ipsita Pal Bhowmick, Tulika Nirmolia, Apoorva Pandey, Sarala K. Subbarao, Aatreyee Nath, Susmita Senapati, Debabrata Tripathy, Rocky Pebam, Suman Nag, Rajashree Roy, Dipanjan Dasgupta, Jayanta Debnath, Kongkona Gogoi, Karuna Gogoi, Lakhyajit Borah, Rajdeep Chanda, Arup Borgohain, Chelapro Mog, Ujjwal Sarkar, Phiroz Gogoi, Bishal Debnath, Jyotish Debbarma, Dibya Ranjan Bhattacharya, Pyare Lal Joshi, Harpreet Kaur, Kanwar Narain
Summary: A study in Tripura, India found a significant burden of P. vivax malaria cases and mixed infections with P. vivax and P. falciparum during mass surveillance in dry winter months. Molecular diagnostic techniques detected a high proportion of asymptomatic infections, emphasizing the importance of screening for malarial reservoirs in pre-Jhum months.
Review
Immunology
Sonalika Kar, Abhinav Sinha
Summary: The neglected but highly prevalent Plasmodium vivax in South-east Asia and South America poses a great challenge for long-term in-vitro culturing and functional assays, hindering the development of new drugs and vaccines. The leading vaccine candidate antigen PvDBP, despite completing clinical trial Phase 1 successfully, faces challenges such as its highly polymorphic nature and strain-specific immunity.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kayla Sylvester, Steven P. Maher, Dora Posfai, Michael K. Tran, McKenna C. Crawford, Amelie Vantaux, Benoit Witkowski, Dennis E. Kyle, Emily R. Derbyshire
Summary: This study utilizes high-resolution microscopy to characterize temporal changes of the TVN in Plasmodium vivax liver stage, revealing its presence in dormant hypnozoites and association with host nuclei. The unexpected association of the host water channel protein AQP3 with TVN-derived vesicles is demonstrated, suggesting a potential function of AQP3 during this stage. These findings enhance understanding of host-parasite interactions in both dormant and replicating P. vivax liver stage forms.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Manon Alkema, X. Zen Yap, Gerdie M. de Jong, Isaie J. Reuling, Quirijn de Mast, Reinout van Crevel, Christian F. Ockenhouse, Katharine A. Collins, Teun Bousema, Matthew B. B. McCall, Robert W. Sauerwein
Summary: Malaria infection caused by Plasmodium falciparum through mosquito bites induces stronger inflammation response in healthy volunteers compared to intravenous administration of infected red blood cells.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Nuria Torre Monmany, Joaquin Americo Astete, Dasarath Ramaiah, Jyothi Suchitra, Xavier Krauel, Manolo Fillol, Yadamala Balasubbaiah, Ana Alarcon, Quique Bassat
Summary: This study describes the status of perinatal mortality in an Indian rural hospital. The results show that antepartum complications are the main cause of perinatal deaths, while infections, congenital malformations, and prematurity are the main causes of neonatal deaths. The stillbirth rate is 11.8/1,000 births, neonatal mortality rate is 4.4/1,000 livebirths, and perinatal mortality rate is 15.8/1,000 births.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alessandro C. Pasqualotto, Flavio Queiroz-Telles, Alberto Chebabo, Terezinha M. J. S. Leitao, Diego R. Falci, Melissa O. Xavier, Monica B. Bay, Eduardo Sprinz, Daiane Dalla Lana, Adriana P. Vincentini, Lisandra Serra Damasceno, Alexandre V. Schwarzbold, Paulo Abrao Ferreira, Cassia Miranda Godoy, Jose Ernesto Vidal, Rossana Basso, Candida Driemeyer, Valerio R. Aquino, Cecilia B. Severo, Marcelo Simao Ferreira, Claudilson Bastos, Filipe Prohaska, Marineide Melo, Francelise Bridi Cavassin, Marcus Lacerda, Renata Soares, Rosely Zancope-Oliveira, Marcus Teixeira, Freddy Perez, Diego H. Caceres, Juan Luis Rodriguez-Tudela, Tom Chiller, Arnaldo L. Colombo
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Valdilea G. Veloso, Carlos F. Caceres, Brenda Hoagland, Ronaldo Moreira, Hamid Vega-Ramirez, Kelika A. Konda, Iuri C. Leite, Sergio Bautista-Arredondo, Marcus Vinicius de Lacerda, Jose Valdez Madruga, Alessandro Farias, Josue N. Lima, Ronaldo Zonta, Lilian Lauria, Cesar Vidal Osco Tamayo, Hector Javier Salvatierra Flores, Yovanna Margot Cabrera Santa Cruz, Ricardo Martin Moreno Aguayo, Marcelo Cunha, Julio Moreira, Alessandra Ramos Makkeda, Steven Diaz, Juan Guanira, Heleen Vermandere, Marcos Benedetti, Heather L. Ingold, M. Cristina Pimenta, Thiago S. Torres, Beatriz Grinsztejn
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility of same-day oral PrEP delivery in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru. The results showed that gay, bisexual, and other cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women have the highest HIV burden in Latin America, but PrEP implementation is inadequate. Social and structural determinants of HIV vulnerability need to be addressed to achieve the benefits of PrEP.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Elke Wynberg, Robert J. Commons, Georgina Humphreys, Hazel Ashurst, Rebekah Burrow, George O. Adjei, Martin Adjuik, Nicholas M. Anstey, Anup Anvikar, Kevin J. Baird, Bridget E. Barber, Hubert Barennes, Elisabeth Baudin, David J. Bell, Delia Bethell, Tran Quang Binh, Isabelle Borghini, Cindy S. Chu, Andre Daher, Umberto D'Alessandro, Debashish Das, Timothy Me Davis, Peter J. de Vries, Abdoulaye A. Djimde, Arjen M. Dondorp, Grant Dorsey, Jean-Francois F. Faucher, Carole Fogg, Oumar Gaye, Matthew Grigg, Christoph Hatz, Piet A. Kager, Marcus Lacerda, Moses Laman, Andreas Martensson, Herve Ignace Eby Menan, Wuelton M. Monteiro, Brioni R. Moore, Francois Nosten, Bernhards Ogutu, Lyda Osorio, Louis K. Penali, Dhelio B. Pereira, Awab G. Rahim, Michael Ramharter, Issaka Sagara, Birgit Schramm, Lorenz Seidlein, Andre M. Siqueira, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Peter Starzengruber, Inge Sutanto, Walter R. Taylor, Offianan A. Toure, Jurg Utzinger, Innocent Valea, Giovanni Valentini, Nicholas J. White, Timothy William, Charles J. Woodrow, Caitlin L. Richmond, Philippe J. Guerin, Ric N. Price, Kasia Stepniewska
Summary: This study describes the variability in white blood cell count during acute uncomplicated malaria and estimates the impact of using an assumed value of white blood cell count on estimates of parasite density and clearance.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mirco Sandfort, Wuelton Monteiro, Marcus Lacerda, Wang Nguitragool, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Andreea Waltmann, Henrik Salje, Amelie Vantaux, Benoit Witkowski, Leanne J. Robinson, Ivo Mueller, Michael White
Summary: By analyzing data from Brazil, Thailand, Cambodia, and Solomon Islands, it was found that malaria infections cluster around index infections and decrease with distance. This method can help determine the radius choice of reactive intervention actions around detected infections, strengthening malaria elimination efforts.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laure F. Pittet, Nicole L. Messina, Francesca Orsini, Cecilia L. Moore, Veronica Abruzzo, Simone Barry, Rhian Bonnici, Marc Bonten, John Campbell, Julio Croda, Margareth Dalcolmo, Kaya Gardiner, Grace Gell, Susie Germano, Adriano Gomes-Silva, Casey Goodall, Amanda Gwee, Tenaya Jamieson, Bruno Jardim, Tobias R. Kollmann, Marcus V. G. Lacerda, Katherine J. Lee, Michaela Lucas, David J. Lynn, Laurens Manning, Helen S. Marshall, Ellie McDonald, Craig F. Munns, Suellen Nicholson, Abby O'Connell, Roberto D. de Oliveira, Susan Perlen, Kirsten P. Perrett, Cristina Prat-Aymerich, Peter C. Richmond, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Glauce dos Santos, Patricia V. da Silva, Jia Wei Teo, Paola Villanueva, Adilia Warris, Nicholas J. Wood, Andrew Davidson, Nigel Curtis
Summary: In this international trial, healthcare workers were randomly assigned to receive either the BCG-Denmark vaccine or a saline placebo. After 6 months, it was found that the BCG vaccine did not reduce the risk of symptomatic or severe Covid-19 compared to placebo.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Barbara Batista Salgado, Maele Ferreira Jordao, Thiago Barros do Nascimento de Morais, Danielle Severino Sena da Silva, Ivanildo Vieira Pereira Filho, Wlademir Braga Salgado Sobrinho, Nani Oliveira Carvalho, Rafaella Oliveira dos Santos, Julia Forato, Priscilla Paschoal Barbosa, Daniel A. Toledo-Teixeira, Kerollen Runa Pinto, Ingrid Silva Correia, Isabelle Bezerra Cordeiro, Julio Nino de Souza Neto, Enedina Nogueira de Assuncao, Fernando Fonseca Almeida Val, Gisely Cardoso Melo, Vanderson de Souza Sampaio, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Fabiana Granja, William M. de Souza, Spartaco Astolfi Filho, Jose Luiz Proenca-Modena, Jaila Dias Borges Lalwani, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes de Lacerda, Paulo Afonso Nogueira, Pritesh Lalwani
Summary: This study compared the antibody response in COVID-19 patients and their disease outcomes. It found that SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits specific IgA and IgG responses against the N protein, but lacks IgA antibodies and has weak IgG response against the N2 region. Severe patients show significantly higher IgG subclass responses. Monitoring antigen-specific serological response could be important for disease progression and outcomes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Beatriz Grinsztejn, Thiago Silva Torres, Brenda Hoagland, Emilia Moreira Jalil, Ronaldo Ismerio Moreira, Gabrielle O'Malley, Starley B. Shade, Marcos R. Benedetti, Julio Moreira, Keila Simpson, Maria Cristina Pimenta, Valdilea Goncalves Veloso, ImPrEP CAB Brasil Study Team
Summary: ImPrEP CAB Brasil is an implementation study in Brazil aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and identify effective implementation approaches, especially among young sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). The study includes formative work, qualitative assessments, and clinical steps 1 to 4. The outcomes of interest include PrEP acceptability, choice, effectiveness, implementation, and feasibility. This study is important for designing programmatic strategies for PrEP programs and reducing HIV incidence among SGMs in Brazil and other countries in the Global South.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kassia Janara Veras Lima, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes de Lacerda, Wagner Ferreira Monteiro, Darlisom Sousa Ferreira, Lucas Lorran Costa de Andrade, Flavia Regina Souza Ramos
Summary: The present study aimed to analyze the repercussions and legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic for the Unified Health System in Brazil by studying health managers in Manaus. It was a qualitative research with 23 participants, applying thematic coding cycles with ATLAS.ti software. The study highlighted the importance of strengthening primary health care, promoting team spirit, establishing partnerships, and reflecting on human values and appreciation of life.
QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea Alemany, Pere Millat-Martinez, Marc Corbacho-Monne, Clara Suner, Cristina Galvan-Casas, Caty Carrera, Dan Ouchi, Nuria Prat, Jordi Ara, Nuria Nadal, Ricard Riel, Blanca Funollet, Carmen Ojeda-Ciurana, Lluis Esteve Balague, Betlem Salvador-Gonzalez, Anna Forcada Arcarons, Josep Vidal-Alaball, Maria Isabel Del Cura-Gonzalez, Ricardo Rodriguez Barrientos, Rafel Ramos-Blanes, Alberto Alum Bou, Elsa Mondou, Mireia Torres, Neus Campins, Ana Sanz, Yonggiang Tang, Miquel Angel Rodriguez-Arias, Quique Bassat, Bonaventura Clotet, Oriol Mitja
Summary: This study assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) in preventing the development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that C19-IG20% did not prevent asymptomatic individuals from developing symptomatic COVID-19.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Parinaz Mehdipour, Megha Rajasekhar, Saber Dini, Sophie Zaloumis, Tesfay Abreha, Ishag Adam, Ghulam Rahim Awab, J. Kevin Baird, Larissa W. Brasil, Cindy S. Chu, Liwang Cui, Andre Daher, Margarete Gomes, Lilia Gonzalez-Ceron, Jimee Hwang, Harin Karunajeewa, Marcus V. G. Lacerda, Simone Ladeia-Andrade, Toby Leslie, Benedikt Ley, Kartini Lidia, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Rhea J. Longley, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Dhelio B. Pereira, Komal Raj Rijal, Kavitha Saravu, Inge Sutanto, Walter R. J. Taylor, Pham Vinh Thanh, Kamala Thriemer, Jose Luiz F. Vieira, Nicholas J. White, Lina M. Zuluaga-Idarraga, Philippe J. Guerin, Ric N. Price, Julie A. Simpson, Robert J. Commons, WWARN Vivax Adherence Study Grp
Summary: Reduced adherence increases the risk of P. vivax recurrence.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Claudia Gomes, Rosauro Varo, Miquel Duran-Frigola, Antonio Sitoe, Rubio Bila, Sonia Machevo, Alfredo Mayor, Quique Bassat, Ana Rodriguez
Summary: Malaria can progress from an uncomplicated infection to a life-threatening severe disease. Early symptoms are often nonspecific, making it difficult to identify patients at high risk. By analyzing the transcriptomic response of human brain microvascular endothelial cells to Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes, several biomarkers have been identified to distinguish uncomplicated from severe malaria, as well as to differentiate children with cerebral malaria within the severe malaria group.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Caroline Thomas, Celine Michaud, Melanie Gaillet, Fhabian S. Carrion-Nessi, David A. Forero-Pena, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes Lacerda, Jean-Bernard Duchemin, Sheila Rodovalho, Stephen Vreden, Ruth Ramos, Mathieu Nacher, Cyril Rousseau, Alice Sanna, Jacobus de Waard, Laurene Tardieu, Maud Lekieffre, Yann Cossard, Felix Djossou, Benoit de Thoisy, Denis Blanchet, Dominique Rousset, Hatem Kallel, Jean Pujo, Loic Epelboin
Summary: The aim of this study was to compile all cases of yellow fever (YF) recorded in the Guiana Shield (GS) region. Recent findings showed several deaths caused by yellow fever in French Guiana, raising concerns about vaccination coverage and YF reemergence. This study identified nine YF cases in the study period, highlighting the high mortality rate and the need for vaccination coverage in the GS region.
CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Maria Hernandez-Garcia, Quique Bassat, Victoria Fumado, Gil Rodas, Ramon Pi, Maite Miranda-Garcia, Monica Girona-Alarcon, Marti Catala, Sergio Alonso, Enrique Alvarez-Lacalle, Daniel Lopez, Maria Mele-Casas, Gemma Pons-Tomas, Mariona F. de Sevilla, Elisenda Bonet-Carne, Claudia Fortuny, Aleix Garcia-Miquel, Cristina Jou, Cristina Adroher, Joana Claverol, Marta Cubells, Anna Codina, Daniel Cuadras, Eduard Gratacos, Pedro Brotons, Carmen Munoz-Almagro, Clara Prats, Juan Jose Garcia-Garcia, Iolanda Jordan
Summary: Studies show that engaging in physical activities in stable sports teams is not associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, whereas indoor sports and closed living settings can increase the risk. Fulfillment of preventive measures is essential.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Nuria Balanza, Caroline K. Francis, Valerie M. Crowley, Andrea M. Weckman, Kathleen Zhong, Barbara Baro, Rosauro Varo, Quique Bassat, Kevin C. Kain
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)