The Assessment of Diet Contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 in Juvenile Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and the Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mitigation of a Yeast Cell Wall Extract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary AFB(1) on growth performance, health, intestinal microbiota communities and AFB(1) tissue residues of turbot and evaluate the mitigation efficacy of yeast cell wall extract, Mycosorb(R) (YCWE) toward AFB(1) contaminated dietary treatments. Nine experimental diets were formulated: Diet 1 (control): AFB(1) free; Diets 2-5 or Diets 6-9: 20 mu g AFB(1)/kg diet or 500 mu g AFB(1)/kg diet + 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% YCWE, respectively). The results showed that Diet 6 significantly decreased the concentrations of TP, GLB, C3, C4, T-CHO, TG but increased the activities of AST, ALT in serum, decreased the expressions of CAT, SOD, GPx, CYP1A but increased the expressions of CYP3A, GST-zeta(1), p53 in liver. Diet 6 increased the AFB(1) residues in serum and muscle, altered the intestinal microbiota composition, decreased the bacterial community diversity and the abundance of some potential probiotics. However, Diet 8 and Diet 9 restored the immune response, relieved adverse effects in liver, lowered the AFB(1) residues in turbot tissues, promoted intestinal microbiota diversity and lowered the abundance of potentially pathogens. In conclusion, YCWE supplementation decreased the health effects of AFB(1) on turbot, restoring biomarkers closer to the mycotoxin-free control diet.