Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rute Maria Pinto, Siddharth Bakshi, Spyros Lytras, Mohammad Khalid Zakaria, Simon Swingler, Julie C. Worrell, Vanessa Herder, Kerrie E. Hargrave, Margus Varjak, Natalia Cameron-Ruiz, Mila Collados Rodriguez, Mariana Varela, Arthur Wickenhagen, Colin Loney, Yanlong Pei, Joseph Hughes, Elise Valette, Matthew L. Turnbull, Wilhelm Furnon, Quan Gu, Lauren Orr, Aislynn Taggart, Ola Diebold, Chris Davis, Chris Boutell, Finn Grey, Edward Hutchinson, Paul Digard, Isabella Monne, Sarah K. Wootton, Megan K. L. MacLeod, Sam J. Wilson, Massimo Palmarini
Summary: The human protein BTN3A3 has been identified as a potent inhibitor of avian influenza viruses but not human influenza viruses. However, some avian influenza viruses can evade this inhibition. Therefore, the sensitivity or resistance to BTN3A3 should be considered in the risk assessment of zoonotic potential of avian influenza viruses.
Article
Immunology
Matthew Charman, Steven McFarlane, Joanna K. Wojtus, Elizabeth Sloan, Rebecca Dewar, Gail Leeming, Mohammed Al-Saadi, Laura Hunter, Miles W. Carroll, James P. Stewart, Paul Digard, Edward Hutchinson, Chris Boutell
Summary: This study reveals that lung tissue constitutively expresses higher levels of antiviral effector genes, potentially reducing the need for activating harmful innate immune defenses against respiratory pathogens. The protein TRIM22 is shown to be expressed in the lung independently of infections or immune stimulation, providing intrinsic defense against influenza viruses. The findings emphasize the importance of tissue-specific and cell-type dependent patterns of pre-existing immune gene expression in restricting influenza virus infection from the beginning.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ching-Hao Hsu, Hsin-Pai Chen, Po-Liang Chen, Yu-Jiun Chan
Summary: This study described the characteristics and outcomes of lower respiratory tract infections associated with respiratory viruses in adults, finding that both influenza and non-influenza respiratory viruses were associated with increased mortality rates, with shock and acute kidney injury independently predicting a higher mortality rate.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Tara Davis, Dagmara Bialy, Joy Leng, Roberto La Ragione, Holly Shelton, Klaudia Chrzastek
Summary: The diversity of gut and respiratory microbiota in chickens is related to H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) infection. In the acute phase of infection, the diversity of respiratory microbiota decreases, and it does not fully recover to normal levels in the recovery phase after infection. Lactobacillus is associated with the microbiota of infected chickens at different stages of infection. Additionally, the respiratory microbiota in chickens undergoes age-related changes during maturation.
Article
Immunology
Michaela Lackner, Annika Roessler, Andre Volland, Marlena Nastassja Stadtmueller, Brigitte Muellauer, Zoltan Banki, Johannes Stroehle, Angela Luttick, Jennifer Fenner, Bettina Sarg, Leopold Kremser, Paul Tone, Heribert Stoiber, Dorothee von Laer, Thorsten Wolff, Carsten Schwarz, Markus Nagl
Summary: This study demonstrates the broad antiviral activity of N-chlorotaurine (NCT) against various viruses causing acute respiratory tract infections, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and RSV. NCT exerts virucidal effects by chlorinating and oxidizing viral proteins, with enhanced activity in the presence of proteinaceous material. The findings suggest that the application of 1.0% NCT could be a comprehensive clinical strategy for the prevention and treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Review
Virology
Edin J. Mifsud, Miku Kuba, Ian G. Barr
Summary: The innate immune system is the host's first defense against pathogens and activates the adaptive immune system to clear viruses, but excessive response may lead to immunopathology.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kenji Gonda, Hideto Kanazawa, Goki Maeda, Chisa Matayoshi, Naoto Hirose, Yukiteru Katsumoto, Koji Kono, Seiichi Takenoshita
Summary: Regular consumption of Okinawan vegetables is associated with higher levels of immunoglobulins, potentially preventing influenza infections. In contrast, individuals who do not consume Okinawan vegetables have lower immunoglobulin levels and are more susceptible to influenza. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between immunoglobulins and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in both groups.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Won-Kyung Cho, Jin Yeul Ma
Summary: Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EKN) has shown significant inhibitory effects on influenza A virus infection by directly blocking viral attachment and having a virucidal effect. It can potentially be developed as a natural viral inhibitor against influenza virus infection.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
David Scheibner, Ahmed H. Salaheldin, Ola Bagato, Luca M. Zaeck, Ahmed Mostafa, Ulrike Blohm, Christin Mueller, Ahmed F. Eweas, Kati Franzke, Axel Karger, Alexander Schaefer, Marcel Gischke, Donata Hoffmann, Solene Lerolle, Xuguang Li, Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid, Jutta Veits, Angele Breithaupt, Geert-Jan Boons, Mikhail Matrosovich, Stefan Finke, Stephan Pleschka, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Robert P. de Vries, Elsayed M. Abdelwhab
Summary: Mutations in the neuraminidase (NA) of human H5N1 viruses play different roles in infection of mammals without affecting virulence or transmission in chickens. This study is important to understand the genetic determinants for replication of avian influenza viruses in mammals and should assist in the prediction of avian influenza viruses with zoonotic potential.
Article
Immunology
Ying Liu, Xun Song, Chenyang Li, Hao Hu, Wanlin Li, Lu Wang, Jing Hu, Chenghui Liao, Hanbai Liang, Zhendan He, Liang Ye
Summary: Chrysin has been found to inhibit H1N1 influenza virus replication by blocking cell cycle and apoptosis mechanisms, potentially aiding in limiting the spread of respiratory viruses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yejin Jang, Jinhe Han, Xiaoli Li, Hyunjin Shin, Won-Jea Cho, Meehyein Kim
Summary: Influenza viruses are major pathogens causing respiratory infections in humans. A newly discovered isoquinolone compound showed potential in inhibiting influenza A and B viruses, but exhibited cytotoxic effects. Through chemical optimization, compound 21 was developed with improved antiviral activity and reduced cytotoxicity.
Article
Immunology
Christine H. T. Bui, Denise I. T. Kuok, Hin Wo Yeung, Ka-Chun Ng, Daniel K. W. Chu, Richard J. Webby, John M. Nicholls, J. S. Malik Peiris, Kenrie P. Y. Hui, Michael C. W. Chan
Summary: The recent HPAI A(H5N6/H5N8) avian isolates have the potential for zoonotic transmission but low transmissibility among humans. They showed differential cellular tropism in human airway organoids and induced low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yinghan Chan, Sin Wi Ng, Sachin Kumar Singh, Monica Gulati, Gaurav Gupta, Sushil Kumar Chaudhary, Goh Bey Hing, Trudi Collet, Ronan MacLoughlin, Raimar Lobenberg, Brian G. Oliver, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Kamal Dua
Summary: Viral respiratory tract infections have a significant impact on global health and socio-economic growth, with vaccination being the primary method of prevention. However, traditional vaccines have limitations, prompting the need for novel vaccine delivery vehicles to enhance immune responses. This review explores how polymer-based nanoparticles can be integrated with vaccine development to effectively combat viral respiratory tract infections.
Article
Virology
Mutsuo Yamaya, Yoshitaka Shimotai, Ayako Ohkawara, Enkhbold Bazarragchaa, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Hiroshi Kida, Hidekazu Nishimura
Summary: Nafamostat, a clinically used protease inhibitor, has been shown to reduce replication of pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses in human airway epithelial cells and mouse lungs, as well as decrease infection-induced airway inflammation by modulating cytokine production.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meito Shibuya, Shigeyuki Tamiya, Atsushi Kawai, Yasuo Yoshioka
Summary: The study examines the use of different vaccination routes for priming and boosting to achieve protection in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Results show that intranasal priming followed by subcutaneous boosting induces both virus-specific IgG in plasma and IgA in nasal washes, providing protection against virus challenge in both regions.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jianhui Li, Shai Fuchs, Jiantao Zhang, Sebastian Wellford, Maya Schuldiner, Xiaofeng Wang
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2016)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Min-Nung Huang, Lowell T. Nicholson, Kristen A. Batich, Adam M. Swartz, David Kopin, Sebastian Wellford, Vijay K. Prabhakar, Karolina Woroniecka, Smita K. Nair, Peter E. Fecci, John H. Sampson, Michael D. Gunn
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Sebastian A. Wellford, Annie Park Moseman, Kianna Dao, Katherine E. Wright, Allison Chen, Jona E. Plevin, Tzu-Chieh Liao, Naren Mehta, E. Ashley Moseman
Summary: In this study, using multiple viral infection models in mice, researchers found that blood-borne antibodies were unable to protect the olfactory epithelium in the upper airway. They identified a restrictive blood-endothelial barrier that excluded circulating antibodies from the olfactory mucosa, and demonstrated that plasma cells must reside within olfactory tissue to achieve sterilizing immunity. The study has important implications for vaccinology, respiratory and CNS pathogen transmission, and B cell fate decisions.
Article
Cell Biology
John B. Finlay, David H. Brann, Ralph Abi Hachem, David W. Jang, Allison D. Oliva, Tiffany Ko, Rupali Gupta, Sebastian A. Wellford, E. Ashley Mosema, Sophie S. Jang, Carol H. Yan, Hiroaki Matsunami, Tatsuya Tsukahara, Sandeep Robert Datta, Bradley J. Goldstein
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 causes profound changes in the sense of smell, including total smell loss. Although these alterations are often transient, many patients with COVID-19 exhibit olfactory dysfunction that lasts months to years. This study found that T cell-mediated inflammation persists in the olfactory epithelium long after the virus has been eliminated, suggesting a mechanism for long-term post-COVID-19 smell loss.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Sebastian A. Wellford, E. Ashley Moseman
Summary: This article reviews the current state of olfactory immunology, highlighting the unique immunologically relevant anatomy of the olfactory mucosa, describing what is known about olfactory immune cells, and considering the impact of common infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders at this site.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Allison D. Oliva, Rupali Gupta, Khalil Issa, Ralph Abi Hachem, David W. Jang, Sebastian A. Wellford, E. Ashley Moseman, Hiroaki Matsunami, Bradley J. Goldstein
Summary: This study identified inflammation-associated changes in the olfactory epithelium (OE) stem cells of presbyosmic patients, suggesting that these changes may contribute to olfactory loss by disrupting normal epithelial homeostasis. The findings suggest that OE stem cells could be a therapeutic target for restoring olfaction.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)