Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Elham Baghbani, Saeed Noorolyai, Dariush Shanehbandi, Ahad Mokhtarzadeh, Leili Aghebati-Maleki, Vahid Khaze Shahgoli, Oronzo Brunetti, Shima Rahmani, Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad, Amir Baghbanzadeh, Nicola Silvestris, Behzad Baradaran
Summary: The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is affected by inhibitory immune checkpoints like CD39 and CD73, which can transform the pro-inflammatory environment into an immunosuppressive one by the purinergic signaling pathway. The enzymatic processes of CD39 and CD73 play crucial roles in adjusting the nature and intensity of purinergic signals.
Review
Immunology
Dmitry Namgaladze, Bernhard Bruene
Summary: Innate immune responses trigger rapid transcriptional and epigenetic changes, as well as metabolic rewiring, including up-regulation of glycolysis. This mini-review summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of rapid glycolytic activation in innate immune cells and its impact on inflammatory responses. It also highlights unresolved mechanistic details and future research directions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Haonan Zhang, Chengcheng He, Xuxue Guo, Yuxin Fang, Qiuhua Lai, Xinke Wang, Xingzhu Pan, Haolin Li, Kaiwen Qin, Aimin Li, Side Liu, Qingyuan Li
Summary: DDX39B has been found to play a pivotal role in the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells by promoting the cell cycle transition and upregulating the expression of CDK6/CCND1, suggesting it could be a potential therapeutic target.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ming Kuang, Yingchi Zhao, Haitao Yu, Siji Li, Tianyi Liu, Luoying Chen, Jingxuan Chen, Yujie Luo, Xuefei Guo, Xuemei Wei, Yunfei Li, Zeming Zhang, Dandan Wang, Fuping You
Summary: XAF1 acts as an epigenetic regulator that promotes the opening of chromatin and activation of antiviral immunity by targeting TRIM28 during infection. It de-SUMOylates TRIM28, leading to increased accessibility of the chromatin and robust induction of antiviral genes. XAF1 deficiency renders mice susceptible to RNA viruses due to impaired induction of antiviral genes.
Article
Fisheries
Chaehyeon Lim, Seongdo Lee, Hyukjae Kwon, W. M. Gayashani Sandamalika, Jehee Lee
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the binding ability and potential role of LhGal B-like in pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and innate immunity in redlip mullet. LhGal B-like was found to be widely expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression in the brain, gills, and muscle. It was also observed that LhGal B-like had immune-modulated expression and could bind to carbohydrates, PAMP molecules, and various bacterial strains.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Lehman, Wioleta Kowalska, Michal Zarobkiewicz, Marek Mazurek, Karolina Mrozowska, Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak, Radoslaw Rola
Summary: Monocyte subpopulations in glioma patients' peripheral blood were analyzed based on CD14, CD16, and SLAN expression. The study found different profiles of monocytes with varying cytokine expression. The presence of these different profiles might hinder the effectiveness of immunotherapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Suyoung Lee, Seohyun Byun, Changhon Lee, Sun Hee Park, Dipayan Rudra, Yoichiro Iwakura, You Jeong Lee, Sin-Hyeog Im, Dong Soo Hwang
Summary: This study reveals the impact of bending stiffness on the immune regulatory properties of chitosan, indicating the potential of low molecular weight chitosan as a pharmaceutical ingredient for treating various inflammatory disorders.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Debayan Mukherjee, Erminia Romano, Richard Walshaw, Leo A. H. Zeef, Antonia Banyard, Stephen J. Kitcatt, Eleanor J. Cheadle, Karoliina Tuomela, Swati Pendharkar, Aws Al-Deka, Beatrice Salerno, Sophie Raby, Ian G. Mills, Jamie Honeychurch, Tim M. Illidge
Summary: Despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), many tumors still exhibit resistance and fail to respond to treatment. The combination of radiation therapy (RT) and ICI has not shown promising results in clinical trials. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to overcome this resistance and improve clinical outcomes.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Iris M. Hagemans, Peter J. Wierstra, Kas Steuten, Janneke D. M. Molkenboer-Kuenen, Duco van Dalen, Martin ter Beest, Johan M. S. van der Schoot, Olga Ilina, Martin Gotthardt, Carl G. Figdor, Ferenc A. Scheeren, Sandra Heskamp, Martijn Verdoes
Summary: A set of molecularly defined multimodal antibody-based PD-L1 imaging agents were synthesized and validated for multiscale monitoring of PD-L1 expression and localization. PEGylation of the Fab fragment improved its half-life and tumor uptake. PD-L1 in tumors was clearly visualized by SPECT/CT and whole body fluorescence imaging. The imaging agent's intratumoral localization could be determined with cellular resolution using fluorescent microscopy.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Gabriela Muller Reche Bogea, Amandda Evelin Silva-Carvalho, Luma Dayane de Carvalho Filiu-Braga, Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
Summary: This study found that melanoma cells can inhibit the activation and proliferation of T-cells by producing inflammatory secretome. This immunomodulatory effect involves the inhibition of the checkpoint molecules LAG-3 and TIM-3, which are important therapeutic targets for melanoma treatment. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of interaction between melanoma cells and immune cells.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Qiong Zhang, Xujun Zhang, Xiaobo Lei, Hai Wang, Jingjing Jiang, Yuchong Wang, Kefan Bi, Hongyan Diao
Summary: In this study, it was found that IAV activates host proteins YAP/TAZ to antagonize TLR3 expression, thereby attenuating host innate immune response and promoting virus replication and cell apoptosis. Loss of YAP/TAZ enhances host innate immune response, protecting mice from lung injuries induced by IAV infection. This novel immunomodulatory mechanism provides a potential target for prevention and treatment of IAV infection.
Review
Immunology
Ruixin Deng, Xiaowen Wang, Ruoyu Li
Summary: This review summarizes recent advances in host-fungal interactions, focusing on the mechanisms of antifungal immunity and the relationship between immune deficiency and chronic dermatophytosis. It highlights the importance of improving patient outcomes and developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shao-Chia Lu, Michael A. Barry
Summary: This article discusses the engineering of oncolytic adenoviruses to carry transgene payloads and the use of immune stimulatory payloads to enhance tumor immunotherapy. It also highlights the challenges and potential future advancements in this field.
EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah Camara-Wilpert, David Mayo-Munoz, Jakob Russel, Robert D. Fagerlund, Jonas S. Madsen, Peter C. Fineran, Soren J. Sorensen, Rafael Pinilla-Redondo
Summary: Many bacteria use CRISPR-Cas systems to fight against mobile genetic elements like bacteriophages and plasmids. In response, these invasive elements have developed anti-CRISPR proteins to block host immunity. We have discovered a new type of CRISPR-Cas inhibition strategy based on small non-coding RNA anti-CRISPRs. These RNAs mimic the repeats found in CRISPR arrays and are encoded as individual repeat units in viral genomes. They strongly inhibit the type I-F CRISPR-Cas system by interacting with specific Cas proteins, leading to the formation of abnormal Cas subcomplexes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yung-Hung Luo, Yi-Ping Yang, Chian-Shiu Chien, Aliaksandr A. Yarmishyn, Afeez Adekunle Ishola, Yueh Chien, Yuh-Min Chen, Ping-Hsing Tsai, Tzu-Wei Lin, Mong-Lien Wang, Shih-Hwa Chiou
Summary: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in Taiwan and worldwide. Immunotherapy has shown promising efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as potential blood-based biomarkers to monitor the disease progression and immunotherapy efficacy. Hsa_ circ_0000190 was found to interfere with anti-PD-L1 antibody and T-cell activation, leading to immunotherapy resistance and poor prognosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Mohammad Aarif Siddiqui, Paradesi Naidu Gollavilli, Vignesh Ramesh, Beatrice Parma, Annemarie Schwab, Maria Eleni Vazakidou, Ramakrishnan Natesan, Ozge Saatci, Ida Rapa, Paolo Bironzo, Harald Schuhwerk, Irfan Ahmed Asangani, Ozgur Sahin, Marco Volante, Paolo Ceppi
Summary: The study identified a functional correlation between thymidylate synthase (TS), EMT, chemotherapy and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), establishing TS as a potential therapeutic marker. Further experiments revealed that TS may influence the occurrence and development of NSCLC by regulating EMT transcription factors and effectors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Parasvi S. Patel, Sobiga Vyravanathan, Emily Milne, Andrea Bezjak, Bradly G. Wouters, Kevin Bennewith, Jan Seuntjens, Zhihui A. Liu, Shane M. Harding, Fei-Fei Liu, Marianne Koritzinsky, C. Anne Koch
Summary: The institutions and departments mentioned in the text are all located in universities and medical institutions in Ontario and Quebec, Canada, covering areas such as oncology, biostatistics, public health, and immunology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paradesi Naidu Gollavilli, Beatrice Parma, Aarif Siddiqui, Hai Yang, Vignesh Ramesh, Francesca Napoli, Annemarie Schwab, Ramakrishnan Natesan, Dirk Mielenz, Irfan Ahmed Asangani, Thomas Brabletz, Christian Pilarsky, Paolo Ceppi
Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively studied in biology and medicine, with a focus on downstream targets and biological functions. However, their endogenous levels and activity are still poorly understood. Using the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process as a model, a fluorescent sensor was shown to effectively separate cells with different EMT signatures based on miR-200b/c activity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qu Deng, Reyaz Ur Rasool, Ronnie M. Russell, Ramakrishnan Natesan, Irfan A. Asangani
Summary: The study suggests a potential role of androgen in SARS-CoV-2 infection by regulating ACE2 and TMPRSS2 transcription. Camostat, a TMPRSS2 inhibitor, blocks the cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, providing evidence of TMPRSS2's direct role in viral fusion to host cells. Androgen-deprivation, anti-androgens, or camostat attenuate SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry, highlighting the importance of TMPRSS2 inhibitors and androgen-deprivation therapy in preventing COVID-19 progression.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Reyaz Ur Rasool, Ramakrishnan Natesan, Irfan A. Asangani
Summary: The study demonstrates a correlation between CBP and p300 expression with increased AR signaling and therapy resistance in advanced prostate cancer. The inhibitor CCS1477 shows promise in disrupting gene expression and suppressing tumor growth in prostate cancer models.
Article
Oncology
Anastasia Velalopoulou, Ilias Karagounis, Gwendolyn M. Cramer, Michele M. Kim, Giorgos Skoufos, Denisa Goia, Sarah Hagan, Ioannis I. Verginadis, Khayrullo Shoniyozov, June Chiango, Michelle Cerullo, Kelley Varner, Lutian Yao, Ling Qin, Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou, Andy J. Minn, Mary Putt, Matthew Lanza, Charles-Antoine Assenmacher, Enrico Radaelli, Jennifer Huck, Eric Diffenderfer, Lei Dong, James Metz, Constantinos Koumenis, Keith A. Cengel, Amit Maity, Theresa M. Busch
Summary: The study shows that F-PRT has fewer toxicities and can spare normal tissues while providing antitumor efficacy equivalent to standard proton therapy. F-PRT reduced skin injury, stem cell depletion, inflammation, and late effects in murine experiments, and was effective in controlling sarcoma models.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lexus R. Johnson, Daniel Y. Lee, Jacqueline S. Eacret, Darwin Ye, Carl H. June, Andy J. Minn
Summary: In this study, engineering CAR-T cells to deliver RN7SL1 promotes CAR-T cell proliferation and enhances effector-memory differentiation, while inhibiting MDSC development and increasing DC subsets, thereby boosting endogenous immunity and rejecting solid tumors lacking CAR antigens.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruth Choa, Junichiro Tohyama, Shogo Wada, Hu Meng, Jian Hu, Mariko Okumura, Rebecca M. May, Tanner F. Robertson, Ruth-Anne Langan Pai, Arben Nace, Christian Hopkins, Elizabeth A. Jacobsen, Malay Haldar, Garret A. FitzGerald, Edward M. Behrens, Andy J. Minn, Patrick Seale, George Cotsarelis, Brian Kim, John T. Seykora, Mingyao Li, Zoltan Arany, Taku Kambayashi
Summary: The study reveals a new mechanism in which the immune system regulates systemic metabolism, with T cells inducing white adipose loss through excessive sebum secretion. This adipose loss protects against obesity, improves glucose metabolism, and is not caused by alterations in food intake, absorption, or energy expenditure. The findings highlight the role of adaptive immunity in skin barrier function through sebum secretion.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ramakrishnan Natesan, Kripa Gowrishankar, Lakshmi Kuttippurathu, P. B. Sunil Kumar, Madan Rao
Summary: This study proposes a model of in vivo chromatin as an active polymer and finds that activity drives chromatin to a nonequilibrium steady state, with conformations consistent with measurements on intrachromosomal contact probabilities and chromosomal compaction. The contact exponents at steady state systematically vary with changes in the nature of activity and turnover rates, and the steady state configuration of active chromatin in two dimensions resembles a space-filling Peano curve, potentially impacting genome information storage optimization.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Tianpeng Zhang, Roger A. Greenberg
Summary: This study found that replisome components Ctf4 and Dpb3/4 promote template switch (TS) repair mechanism by parental histone deposition, while suppressing error-prone translesion synthesis (TLS) repair mechanism.
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Qinqin Jiang, Martina Foglizzo, Yaroslav Morozov, Xuejiao Yang, Arindam Datta, Lei Tian, Vaughn Thada, Weihua Li, Elton Zeqiraj, Roger A. Greenberg
Summary: This study reveals that RAP80 and BRCC36 are autologous DUB substrates in the BRCA1-A complex, providing an explanation for the evolution of matching ubiquitin-binding and hydrolysis activities within a single macromolecular assembly.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Geethu Emily Thomas, Grace Egan, Laura Garcia-Prat, Aaron Botham, Veronique Voisin, Parasvi S. Patel, Fieke W. Hoff, Jordan Chin, Boaz Nachmias, Kerstin B. Kaufmann, Dilshad H. Khan, Rose Hurren, Xiaoming Wang, Marcela Gronda, Neil MacLean, Cristiana O'Brien, Rashim P. Singh, Courtney L. Jones, Shane M. Harding, Brian Raught, Andrea Arruda, Mark D. Minden, Gary D. Bader, Razq Hakem, Steve Kornblau, John E. Dick, Aaron D. Schimmer
Summary: The mitochondrial enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) localizes to the nucleus of leukaemic and normal haematopoietic stem cells, where it interacts with nuclear proteins to regulate chromatin accessibility. This nuclear localization and regulation are independent of the enzymatic activity of HK2. It influences stem cell properties, differentiation, and chemoresistance.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kate M. MacDonald, Shirony Nicholson-Puthenveedu, Maha M. Tageldein, Sarika Khasnis, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith, Shane M. Harding
Summary: This study identifies features of micronuclei chromatin that determine cGAS recruitment to micronuclei and activation of associated pathways.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tianpeng Zhang, Yashpal Rawal, Haoyang Jiang, Youngho Kwon, Patrick Sung, Roger A. Greenberg
Summary: Break-induced telomere synthesis (BITS) is a RAD51-independent mechanism that contributes to alternative lengthening of telomeres. This process utilizes a minimal replisome comprising PCNA and DNA polymerase-d to perform conservative DNA repair synthesis over long stretches. The response of this repair synthesis to complex secondary DNA structures and whether additional DNA repair events are orchestrated by the break-induced replisome remain unclear. In this study, the telomeric DNA damage response proteome during BITS was captured using a combination of synchronous double-strand break induction and proteomics of isolated chromatin segments (PICh). The findings revealed a replication stress-dominant response, with repair synthesis-driven DNA damage tolerance signaling through RAD18-dependent PCNA ubiquitination. The SNM1A nuclease was identified as the major effector of ubiquitinated PCNA-dependent DNA damage tolerance, playing a critical role in resection-dependent lesion bypass in mammalian cells.