Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lauren Anne Gardner, Amy-Leigh Rowe, Nicola Clare Newton, Tess Aitken, Emily Stockings, Louise Thornton, Maree Teesson, Emma Krogh Devine, Katrina Elizabeth Champion
Summary: This systematic review aims to determine the existence and efficacy of school-based preventive interventions targeting e-cigarette use among adolescents. The researchers will conduct a systematic search and analysis of published studies, and meta-analysis will be used to summarize the data. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and used to guide the development of new school-based e-cigarette preventive interventions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mayra Monteiro de Oliveira, Trevon L. Fuller, Claudia R. Gabaglia, Mary Catherine Cambou, Patricia Brasil, Zilton Farias Meira de Vasconcelos, Karin Nielsen-Saines
Summary: The Brazilian Unified Health System experienced a significant decrease in preventative and treatment services during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for decision-makers to increase outpatient services availability to prevent a resurgence in vaccine-preventable diseases and complications from chronic health conditions.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Amand Fuehrer, Ilknur Oezer Erdogdu, Paula Kompa, Yuece Yilmaz-Aslan, Patrick Brzoska
Summary: This study investigated the recommended measures for preventing and managing infectious disease outbreaks in refugee shelters according to guidelines and compared them with the actual measures taken in these facilities. The findings revealed significant discrepancies between the recommendations and actual practice, largely due to a lack of intersectoral cooperation and guidelines that are not sufficiently tailored to the characteristics of refugee shelters.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Thomas C. Ricketts, Deborah S. Porterfield, Randall L. Miller, Erin P. Fraher
Summary: The study reveals that the number of preventive medicine physicians in the US has increased over the years, but the number of self-designated preventive medicine physicians has been decreasing. There has been a recent increase in the proportion of women in the specialty and the average age of preventive medicine physicians is on the rise, while their practice locations do not align with population needs.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kamila Kolpashnikova, Shital Desai
Summary: This article introduces the fear of falling (FoF) as a major challenge for the quality of life among older adults and highlights the lack of comprehensive research in this area. By conducting a scoping review, the authors aim to identify key topics, gaps in the literature, and potential opportunities for further research on FoF. This review will contribute to the development of an interdisciplinary theoretical and empirical framework, and ultimately promote policy and practice innovations for individuals living with FoF.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rosemary Jenkins, Eszter P. Vamos, Kate E. Mason, Konstantinos Daras, David Taylor-Robinson, Clare Bambra, Christopher Millett, Anthony A. Laverty
Summary: Reductions in local government spending may increase the risk of hospital admissions for nutritional anaemias, particularly in deprived areas.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Utsamani Cintyamena, E. Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati, Iqbal Elyazar, Ari Probandari, Riris Andono Ahmad
Summary: This scoping review aims to identify successful interventions to control malaria transmission across national borders in the Asia-Pacific region. The review will focus on publications from the past 10 years and follow guidelines for data extraction and evaluation. The results will be disseminated through various channels.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kiara Chang, Emily Mayne, Anthony A. Laverty, Israel Agaku, Filippos T. Filippidis
Summary: This study compared the cigarette market in eight sub-Saharan African countries, revealing large price differentials within provinces and states, with single cigarettes widely available in Lesotho and Ethiopia. Prices per 20-cigarette pack were lower for packed cigarettes than single sticks, particularly in less populated areas. Measures to tackle pricing differentials and availability of single sticks are necessary to counteract potential health consequences of the increasing tobacco industry penetration in these countries.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ranjan Kumar Prusty, Shahina Begum, Anushree Patil, D. D. Naik, Sharmila Pimple, Gauravi Mishra
Summary: The study aimed to improve breast cancer awareness and practices through health education interventions among women and primary healthcare providers in low socioeconomic communities in Mumbai. Results showed significant improvement in knowledge of breast cancer signs, symptoms, risk factors, and breast self-examination practices among women, particularly those with low education levels. Healthcare workers also demonstrated increased knowledge in symptoms and risk factors.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jillian C. Ryan, John Noel Viana, Hamza Sellak, Shakuntla Gondalia, Nathan O'Callaghan
Summary: Precision health is a new field that requires clearer definition and differentiation from precision medicine. This study aims to conduct a scoping review to define precision health and map research in this area. By analyzing data from scientific databases and grey literature sources, the study will identify gaps and future directions for precision health research.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hiroko Iwata, Emi Mori, Kunie Maehara, Kayoko Kimura, Fusae Toyama, Asana Kakehashi, Marika Seki, Sayaka Abe, Mai Kosaka
Summary: The objective of this scoping review is to map the literature describing preventive interventions for paternal perinatal depression. Little is known about preventive interventions for paternal perinatal depression including Asian populations. The study will search for published studies and grey literature on preventive interventions for perinatal depression in men with a pregnant wife or partner, and new fathers.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul Lokubal, Sandrena Ruth Frischer, Ines Corcuera, Jessica Macias Balil, Christine Nalwadda Kayemba, Jennifer J. Kurinczuk, Manisha Nair
Summary: This review aims to describe abortion decision-making trajectories for women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and investigate factors influencing these trajectories. By searching and analyzing studies from 2000 to 2021, synthesizing qualitative and quantitative data, and assessing study quality, the findings will be published in a global maternal health journal and presented at scientific conferences.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fatima Nari, Wonjeong Jeong, Bich Na Jang, Hyeon Ji Lee, Eun-Cheol Park
Summary: The study found an association between a low healthy lifestyle score and poor quality of life, in both general and health-related aspects. Female gender, older age, and depression had a more negative impact on HRQOL, while male gender and younger age had a more negative impact on QOL. Changes in physical activity, drinking, and smoking status were significantly associated with lower HRQOL and QOL.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ivan Berlin, Isabelle Jacot-Sadowski, Jean-Paul Humair, Jacques Cornuz
Summary: International experts reached a consensus on the differential regulation of ENDS and HTP, with recommendations on components, warnings, sales restrictions, and taxation. The survey results could be useful for health authorities, decision makers, and researchers in the field of tobacco use and cessation.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zewudu Andualem, Henok Dagne, Zelalem Nigussie Azene, Asefa Adimasu Taddese, Baye Dagnew, Roman Fisseha, Atalay Goshu Muluneh, Yigizie Yeshaw
Summary: The study found that the proportions of households' access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities in Ethiopia were relatively low, which demands the need to tailor strategies to increase the coverage of access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities.
Article
Oncology
Lasse Kaalby, Issam Al-Najami, Ulrik Deding, Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff, Robert J. C. Steele, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Aasma Shaukat, Morten Rasmussen, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: This study found that screening participants with detectable fecal hemoglobin had higher mortality rates and different causes of death compared to those without. Fecal hemoglobin may serve as a marker for diseases not directly related to colorectal cancer and may be targeted for preventive measures in the future.
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bob Steele
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Craig Mowat, Jayne Digby, Shirley Cleary, Lynne Gray, Pooja Datt, David R. Goudie, Robert J. C. Steele, Judith A. Strachan, Adam Humphries, Callum G. Fraser
Summary: Quantitative FIT can serve as a good tumor marker in post-polypectomy surveillance, reducing the need for colonoscopy and minimizing potential risks for patients.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna Forsberg, Marcus Westerberg, Chris Metcalfe, Robert Steele, Johannes Blom, Lars Engstrand, Kaisa Fritzell, Mikael Hellstrom, Lars-Ake Levin, Christian Lowbeer, Andreas Pischel, Ulf Stromberg, Sven Tornberg, Yvonne Wengstrom, Anders Ekbom, Lars Holmberg, Rolf Hultcrantz
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of once-only colonoscopy or two rounds of faecal immunochemical test screening on colorectal cancer mortality and incidence. The study found differences in the detection rates of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas between the colonoscopy group and the faecal immunochemical test group, but both screening methods had a low number of adverse events.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Gavin R. C. Clark, Robert J. C. Steele, Callum G. Fraser
Summary: Women are at a disadvantage in colorectal cancer screening due to lower faecal haemoglobin concentrations, leading to poorer outcomes. Risk scoring strategies that consider sex have not been extensively tested or introduced. Governments and agencies should prioritize allocating resources to implement simple strategies, such as using different haemoglobin thresholds, to achieve equal positivity in both sexes.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin J. Monahan, Michael M. Davies, Muti Abulafi, Ayan Banerjea, Brian D. Nicholson, Ramesh Arasaradnam, Neil Barker, Sally Benton, Richard Booth, David Burling, Rachel Victoria Carten, Nigel D'Souza, James Edward East, Jos Kleijnen, Michael Machesney, Maria Pettman, Jenny Pipe, Lance Saker, Linda Sharp, James Stephenson, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) has high sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer (CRC). This guideline aims to provide a clear strategy for using FIT in the diagnostic pathway of people with signs or symptoms of a suspected CRC diagnosis. The guideline was developed by a multidisciplinary group and includes evidence-based recommendations and research priorities.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gavin R. C. Clark, Callum G. Fraser, Judith A. Strachan, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: This study explores the variation of faecal haemoglobin concentrations (f-Hb) in different rounds of a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme and its relation to colonoscopy findings using data from the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme (SBoSP). The study finds that the profiles of f-Hb differ in individuals with a negative FIT result and those with neoplastic pathology. However, the difference between profiles in those with a negative colonoscopy is similar to that in those with an adenoma. Furthermore, the risk of CRC diagnosis in the second round after a negative colonoscopy is not significantly different from that after a negative test result.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lasse Kaalby, Ulrik Deding, Issam Al-Najami, Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff, Thomas Bjorsum-Meyer, Tinne Laurberg, Aasma Shaukat, Robert J. C. Steele, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Morten Rasmussen, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: New research suggests that faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) can indicate the presence of serious diseases not related to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study found an association between increasing f-Hb and the risk of mortality, as well as an increased risk of dying from respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and other cancers. f-Hb may be a potential biomarker for non-CRC diseases.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Annie S. Anderson, Claire Donaghy, Ross Lamb, Robert J. C. Steele, Susan Moug
Summary: The BeWEL trial showed that a significant proportion of colorectal adenoma patients are interested in lifestyle interventions and achieved clinically relevant weight loss at 12-month follow-up. However, replicating the program in a non-research setting was found to be less feasible, and alternative approaches should be explored.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ulrik Deding, Lasse Kaalby, Robert Steele, Issam Al-Najami, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Eva Plantener, Jeppe B. Madsen, Jonna S. Madsen, Thomas Bjorsum-Meyer, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: Population-based screening for colorectal cancer using FIT is recommended. Detectable faecal haemoglobin can indicate colorectal neoplasia as well as other conditions. A positive FIT predicts an increased risk of death from colorectal cancer but might also predict an increased risk of all-cause mortality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gavin R. C. Clark, Callum G. Fraser, Judith A. Strachan, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using faecal tests reduces disease-specific mortality. This study examined mortality rates and its association with sex before and after CRC screening in Scotland. The results showed that CRC mortality declined from 1990 to 2020, but the decline differed between sexes, indicating a larger beneficial effect of screening on CRC mortality in men compared to women.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jayne Digby, Callum G. Fraser, Gavin Clark, Craig Mowat, Judith A. Strachan, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: This study aimed to develop a risk-scoring model for colorectal cancer using data from the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme. Only faecal haemoglobin concentration and age showed a significant association with colorectal cancer. By tailoring the threshold for faecal haemoglobin concentration according to age, the disparity in interval cancer proportion between women and men could be reduced.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert S. Bresalier, Carlo Senore, Graeme P. Young, James Allison, Robert Benamouzig, Sally Benton, Patrick M. M. Bossuyt, Luis Caro, Beatriz Carvalho, Han-Mo Chiu, Veerle M. H. Coupe, Willemijn de Klaver, Clasine Maria de Klerk, Evelien Dekker, Sunil Dolwani, Callum G. Fraser, William Grady, Lydia Guittet, Samir Gupta, Stephen P. Halloran, Ulrike Haug, Geir Hoff, Steven Itzkowitz, Tim Kortlever, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Uri Ladabaum, Beatrice Lauby-Secretan, Marcis Leja, Bernard Levin, Theodore Robert Levin, Finlay Macrae, Gerrit A. Meijer, Joshua Melson, Colm O'Morain, Susan Parry, Linda Rabeneck, David F. Ransohoff, Roque Saenz, Hiroshi Saito, Silvia Sanduleanu-Dascalescu, Robert E. Schoen, Kevin Selby, Harminder Singh, Robert J. C. Steele, Joseph J. Y. Sung, Erin Leigh Symonds, Sidney J. Winawer
Summary: New non-invasive tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) are emerging, making it challenging to conduct trials with mortality reduction as the main goal. A formal consensus approach involving experts resulted in the revision of previously established principles and the emergence of twelve new principles. The effectiveness of a new test can be evaluated by comparing it with an established non-invasive test, with the faecal immunochemical test considered as the appropriate comparator. Flexible adjustment of the new test's positivity threshold is desirable to meet different screening goals and requirements. A four-phased approach is proposed for the evaluation of new tests, including small studies, prospective estimation of accuracy, evaluation in screening populations, and monitoring for missed lesions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sarah Amele, Eliud Kibuchi, Ronan McCabe, Anna Pearce, Paul Henery, Kirsten Hainey, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Amanj Kurdi, Colin McCowan, Colin R. Simpson, Chris Dibben, Duncan Buchanan, Evangelia Demou, Fatima Almaghrabi, Gina Anghelescu, Harry Taylor, Holly Tibble, Igor Rudan, James Nazroo, Laia Becares, Luke Daines, Patricia Irizar, Sandra Jayacodi, Serena Pattaro, Aziz Sheikh, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Summary: This study aimed to estimate ethnic inequalities in the risk of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, COVID-19 hospitalizations, and deaths over time in Scotland. A population-based cohort study linking the 2011 Scottish Census to health records was conducted. The findings revealed that most ethnic minority groups in Scotland, especially White Gypsy/Traveller and Pakistani groups, were at higher risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Ethnic inequalities persisted following community infection but did not exist after hospitalization, suggesting that differences in hospital treatment did not substantially contribute to ethnic inequalities.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gavin R. C. Clark, Thomas Godfrey, Calum Purdie, Judith Strachan, Francis A. Carey, Callum G. Fraser, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: This study compared the interval cancer proportions between the FIT-based Scottish Bowel Screening Programme and the former gFOBT-based program, and investigated the associations between interval cancer and factors such as faecal haemoglobin concentration, sex, age, deprivation, site, and stage. The results showed that FIT had a higher proportion of screen detected cancers compared to interval cancers, and women had a higher proportion of interval cancers than men. Lowering the faecal haemoglobin threshold could reduce the number of interval cancers, but additional colonoscopy would be required.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2023)